• 인문언어
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• 제7집
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• pp.311-333
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• 2005

The national language in the divided Germany has undergone changes that are not simply 'linguistic' in nature but reflect on the diverse social activities that have contributed to the development of the country's political and economic systems. Accordingly, a study of the German language in the process of the division would necessarily involve looking into the socio-political dynamics of the period, in tandem with the study of the linguistic structure per se. This paper deals with the political situation of Germany during the period of 1945 through 1990 and the issues of territorial devision during that period with the view to clarifying the extra-linguistic factors behind the changes of the country's national language. This mode of explaining the heterogeneous linguistic changes that characterize post-war Germany will provide an opportunity to consider the classical issues of the relationship between linguistic changes and social ones in a new light.

• 한국경제지리학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.367-385
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• 2021

본 연구는 태양광 모듈 탄소인증제를 중심으로 에너지경관의 변동에 주목했다. 세계 태양광시장이 중국 기업 중심으로 재편됨에 따라, 정부는 태양광산업의 경쟁력 강화를 추진했다. 그러나 정부 주도로 구성된 제도는 에너지경관의 역동적인 변화를 담지 못하는 한계가 존재했다. 이를 배경으로, 다층적 관점(multi-level perspective)의 "거시환경-사회기술체제-틈새"로 이어지는 층위를 탐색해 사회기술체제로서 정부와 국내 태양광 기업이 세계시장 변화에 대응하는 과정을 추적했다. 각 층위의 변화 속도와 혁신적 실험이 일어나는 틈새에 대해 주목했던 다층적 관점의 개념적 논의에 문제를 제기하며, 공간에 따라 차별적으로 변동하는 에너지경관을 추적해 이러한 간극을 메우고자 했다. 이러한 공간적 논의는 각 국가별로 상이한 탄소배출계수, 산업 특성 등을 추적해, 구성된 제도에 대해 보다 높은 설명력을 가질 수 있다. 또한, 정부 주도의 재생에너지 정책 도입의 문제점과 함의에 대한 토론을 통해, 보다 현장 중심적인 제도의 형성과 이행의 필요성을 제시한다.

• 기술혁신연구
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.1-21
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• 1997

The objective of this paper is to think about what structural reforms of the Korean government S&T development management system might be. Korean society is currently experiencing a drastic socio-economic transformation. The results of this transformation should be reflected on the determining process of the directions and breadths of structural reforms of government S&T development management system. Because the government system design will be based on the premises of socio-economic conditions under which administrative activities perform and also this socio-economic changes can influence on changes of the premises of government management system design. Moreover, S&T development management system is a subsystem of government system so that the directions of structural reform of those subsystems should be considered in the broad framework changes in the development management system of the government. For the last forty years, the Korean government S&T development management system has been based on the premises including transformation from an agrarian society to an industrial society, authoritarianism and centrally controlled institutions, and exteremely small portions of private investments for science and thechonology R & D of the total. Recently, however, the premises of Korean government S&T development management system have rapidly changed. the characteristics of these changes are including tranformation from an industrial society to a knowledge and information intensive society, globalization, localization, and relatively large portion of private investments for science and technology R & C of the total. The basis of government reforms in Korea was the realization of the performances and values through the enhancement of national competitive capacity, attainment of lean government, decentralization and autonomy. However, the Korean government has attached a symbolic value of strategic organizations representing strong policy intentions of government for the science and technology based development. Most problems associated with the Korean government S&T development management system have grown worse during 1990s. Many people perceive that considerable part of this problem was generated because the government could not properly adapt itself to new administrative environment and the paradigm shift in its role. First of all, the Korean government S&T development management system as a whole failed to develop an integrated vision under which processes in formulating science and thechology development goals and developing consistent government plans concerning science and technology development are guided. Second, most of the local governments have little organizational capacity and manpowers to handle localized activities to promote science and technology in their regions. Third, the measure to coordinate and set priorities to invest resources for the development of science and technology was not effective. Fourth, the Most has been losing its reputation as the symbol of ideological commitment of the top policy maker to promote science and technology. Various ideas to reform government S&T development management system have been suggested recently. Most frequently cited ideas are as follow : (ⅰ)strengthen the functions of MoST by supplementing the strong incentive and regulatory measures; (ⅱ)create a new Ministry of Education, Science & Technology and Research by merging the Ministry of Education and the MoST; (ⅲ)create a new Ministry of Science & Technology and Industry ; and(ⅳ)create a National Science and Technology Policy Council under the chairmanship of the President. Four alternatives suggested have been widely discussed among the interested parties and they each have merits as well as weaknesses. The first alternative could be seen as an alternative which cannot resolve current conflicts among various ministries concerning priority setting and resource allocation. However, this alternatives can be seen as a way of showing the top policymaker's strong intention to emphasize science and technology based development. Second alternative is giving a strategic to emphasize on the training and supplying qualified manpower to meet knowledge and information intensive future society. This alternative is considered to be consistent with the new administrative paradigm emphasizing lean government and decentralization. However, opponents are worrying about the linkages and cooperative research between university and industry could be weakening. The third alternative has been adopted mostly in nations which have strong basic science research but weak industrial innovation traditions. Main weakness of this alternative for Korea is that Korean science and technology development system has no strong basic science and technology research traditions. The fourth alternative is consistent with new administrative paradigms and government reform bases. However, opponents to this alternative are worried that the intensive development of science and technology because of Korea's low potential research capabilities in science and technology development. Considerning the present Korean socio-economic situation which demands highly qualified human resources and development strategies which emphasizes the accumulations of knowledge-based stocks, I would like to suggest the route of creating a new Ministry of Education, Science & Technology and Research by intergrating education administration functions and science & technology development function into one ministry.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.358-363
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• 2013

Due to recent changes in increased life expectancy, economic power and social development, the new senior generation (focusing on people in their fifties) represents a new market power with strong competitiveness. The new senior generation is the generation after the baby boomers, with characteristics that include a high-level of education, increased income, a high-level of consumption, increased assets, self-fulfillment desires and individuality. Demands in the senior fashion industry are expected to gradually increase and the underwear industry that targets the new senior generation is expected to grow rapidly. These demands will require product development for the new senior generation based on emotional and socio-cultural characteristics. The current new senior underwear market is under the process of R&D with a focus on body shape changes; however, there are limited studies on emotional and socio-cultural approaches. This study formulates a basic design plan for different age groups based on an analysis of the situation of bra wear (current inconveniences, demand and needs) by women in their fifties and over. Subsequently, a functional active bra top that considers activity and comfort was proposed for women in their fifties, an all-in-one foundation bra top that shapes the body was proposed for women in their sixties, and comfort bra tops that are comfortable and easy to put on and take off were proposed for women in their seventies and over.

• 한국사회복지학
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• 제57권1호
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• pp.271-297
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• 2005

본 연구는 룩셈부르크소득연구의 가구소득자료를 이용하여 1980년대 이래 서구 복지국가에서 빈곤의 실태는 어떻게 변화하고 있는가를 분석하고, 빈곤의 변화추세를 인구집단별 및 소득원별로 분해함으로써 경제사회구조 및 공적소득이전제도의 변화가 빈곤의 추세와 어떠한 관련을 맺고 있는지를 탐색하였다. 연구결과는 먼저 대부분의 서구 복지국가에서 빈곤이 심화되는 추세에 있음을 보여 준다. 이처럼 빈곤이 심화되는 추세에 있는 것은 노령층이나 편부모가구 등 전통적으로 빈곤의 위험이 높은 인구집단이 증가하고 있는 때문만은 아니다. 노령층의 경우 연금제도 등 공적소득이전의 영향으로 인해 생산연령층에 비해 빈곤상태가 낮은 수준을 보이고 있으며 시장소득의 빈곤도 점차적으로 감소하는 추세에 있다. 편부모가구는 전반적으로 생산연령층 일반가구에 비해 빈곤의 정도가 심한 편이나 빈곤의 변화추세는 노동시장정책 및 공적소득이전제도의 차이에 따라 국가별로 크게 다르게 나타난다. 서구 복지국가에서 빈곤이 심화되는 것은 무엇보다 생산연령층 인구의 빈곤, 특히 시장소득 빈곤이 심화되고 있는데서 그 원인을 찾을 수 있다. 경제의 세계화와 노동시장 유연화에 따른 실업 및 비정규직의 증가, 저임금 노동자의 증가 등 최근의 경제환경 변화가 생산연령층 인구의 빈곤을 증가시키는 요인으로 작용할 가능성이 높은데, 이에 대한 구체적이고 깊이 있는 분석과 함께 이 계층에 대한 빈곤정책이 확대될 필요가 있다.

• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.821-832
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• 2015

The aims of this study are to estimate the optimal vessel reduction scales and these direct economic effects of coastal and offshore fisheries in the Republic of Korea. To estimate respectively optimal fishing efforts of individual fishery by species in coastal and offshore fisheries, we adopted appropriate fishing power of each species published by National Fisheries Research and Development Institute and also considered biological and socio-economic factors such as the bycatch rate, the profit rate, the efficiency of resource use, the average age of fishing vessel, the intention of vessel reduction, and the annual changes in vessels by other factors. The direct economic effects of the optimal vessel reduction in coastal and offshore fisheries based on maximum sustainable yield and 2/3 maximum sustainable yield was calculated by a cost-benefit analysis. This study showed that optimal reduction numbers of vessels engaged in coastal and offshore fisheries were 4,431 and 374 vessels and the direct economic effects in coastal and offshore fisheries were about 371.7 and 569.4 billion won and these NPV and BCR were 111.7 billion won and 1.65 and 342.6 billion won and 4.97 respectively.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.41-50
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• 1994

The purpose of this study is to investigate changes of the kitchen lifespace in Korean family houses from the Old Stone Age to the Koryo Dynasty. The documentary research method was used for this study. The major findings were as follows the changes of kitchen lifespace in Korean family houses form the Old Stone Age to the Koryo Dynasty have been affected by natural, political, economic, technological, and socio-cultural environments. The Kitchen lifespace of these periods was categorized into six categories: the Beginings Period of the Kitchen, the Period of the Primitive Kitchen, the Formative Period of the Kitchen, the Enlargement Period of the Kitchen, the Separation Period of the Kitchen, and the Begining Period of the Traditional Kitchen.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.27-80
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• 1993

It is widely known that patients' utilization pattern for medical care facilities and the patientflow are influenced by multi-factors, such as demographic characteristics, structural characteristics of society, socio-psychological characteristics(value, attitude, norms, culture, health behavior, etc.), economic characteristics(income, medical price, relative price, physician induced demand, etc.), geographical accessibility, systematic characteristics(health care delivery system, payment methods for physician fees, form of health care security, etc.), and characteristics of medical facilities(reliability, quality of medical care, convenience, kindness, tec.). This study was conducted to research the mechanism of patient-flow according to changes of health care system(implementation of national health insurance, health care referral system and regionalization of health care utilization, etc.) and characteristics of medical facilities(ownership of hospital, characteristics of medical services, non-medical characteristics, etc.). In this study, the fact could be ascertained that the patient-flow had been influenced by changes of health care system and characteristics of medical facilities.

• 시큐리티연구
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• 제13호
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• pp.383-402
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• 2007

2000년대 이후 전 세계적으로 시큐리티 시장은 매년 7${\sim}$8%의 지속적인 성장을 계속하고 있으며, 한국은 그 가운데에서도 향후 산업발전이 빠르게 이루어질 대표적인 국가로 꼽히고 있다. 이 연구는 국내 시큐리티 시자의 향후 성장가능성을 전명하기 위해 그 동안 국내 시큐리티 산업의 발전에 기여한 요인들과 향후 시큐리티 수요에 영향을 미칠 새로운 사회, 경제적 환경변화를 살펴보고자 하였다. 이를 위해 시큐리티, 범죄, 경찰, 인구, 사회, 경제, 정보화 등과 관련한 다양한 통계자료를 수집하여 분석에 이용하였다. 범죄의 증가와 국가경찰력의 한계, 경제성장과 소득 수준의 향상, 중산층의 확대 등은 국내 시큐리티 시장의 성장에 중요하게 작용하였으며 향후에도 그 영향력을 지속할 것으로 보인다. 한편 새로운 사회, 경제적 변화에 의해 시큐리티 수요가 확대될 것으로 전망된다. 우리나라의 빠른 노령화속도와 1인 가구의 증가, 여성의 경제활동증가와 같은 인구구조의 변화는 가구와 개인의 범죄방어력을 감소시키며 안전에 대한 사회적 욕구를 증가시킬 것으로 보인다. 또한 전 세계적으로 진행되고 있는 글로벌 경제와 지구촌화현상은 국내에도 물적 인적교류로 인한 검색과 감시 기술에 대한 수요를 증가시킬 것이며, 국내의 눈부신 IT기술의 발전 또한 시큐리티 시장 확대에 기여하는 새로운 환경으로 작용할 것으로 보인다. 이 글은 시큐리티 시장을 수요를 촉진하는 사회경제적 변화를 중심으로 다루었으며, 이로 인해 시큐리티 사업의 성장에서 고려해야 할 제도적${\cdot}$법률적 환경, 기술수준, 정치적 환경 등은 분석에 포함하지 못하는 한계를 지니고 있다.인인 것으로 나타났다.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.21-27
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• 1990

During the last half a century the Korean rural society have experienced drastic changes : the retreat of Japan from the colonial interference and suppression in 1945, the Korean war and disorder in the 1950s, the implementation of the first and second five-year economic development plans in the 1960s, the ambitious implementation of the new village movement called Saemaul Undong to modernize the traditionally stagnant rural village in the 1970s, and socioeconomic and political turmoil in the 1980s. In this complex process of change the rural health care system in Korea was grdually reformed. This paper reviews the socioeconomic change and the basis of the changing structure of the health care system in rural Korea, on the basis of the existing literature and secondary data. Thus this is not a research paper but a review article in its nature. After reviewing the past and present situation, the directions and strategies for the reformation of the rural health care system are suggested.