• 영어어문교육
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.67-85
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• 2007

The main concern of the study is the playwrights' perspectives toward the relationship between society and individuals rather than specific cultural or social circumstances. This study is justified in that the similarities of both playwrights not only provide an opportunity to bridge two different cultures, but they also help readers understand another culture and deepen the understanding of their own culture in the map of international literature. In their plays, both Miller and Cha express an individual's or a family's frustration, conflict, pleasure, and hope as reflected in the social circumstances. The characters take ideas and values from their social world and thrive or fail. Specifically, I have focused on three elements--obsession, generational value systems, and alienation. With three common features, I examine how closely Miller and Cha deal with ordinary people's tragedies.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제31권10호
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• pp.891-899
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• 2022

This study investigated whether an educational program could alter students' perceptions of the causes of and solutions to climate change. On October 23, 2020, a 3-hour climate change educational program was provided to 400 high school students in Suncheon City, (Jeonnam Province, South Korea). According to the program, climate change represents a social dilemma, or tragedy of the commons; it also asserts that collective action aimed at strengthening government policy is the optimal solution to climate change, and concludes that motivated citizens should convey their opinions directly to the government through political action. After the program, the students made and shared placards calling for policy-based responses to climate change. Questionnaires completed by the students before and after the program revealed that their perceptions of the causes of and solutions to climate change changed significantly. This case study indicates that education programs have the potential to alter students' perspectives and promote actions aimed at mitigating and adapting to climate change.

• 기록학연구
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• 제53호
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• pp.45-77
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• 2017

본 연구는 동시대 비민주적 폭력으로 점철된 사회사적 사건들 가운데에서 점차 잊혀져가는 사회적 타자들의 기억을 재소환하기 위해 이뤄졌다. 이 글은 그 극적 사례로써 2009년 '용산4구역 철거현장 화재사건'(이하 용산참사)을 분석 대상으로 삼고 있다. 본 연구는 공적 기록의 빈 공백을 대신해 용산참사 속 현장 예술행동가들의 사회적 사건들을 새롭게 기억하는 자율적 방식에 주목한다. 다시 말해 이 연구는 용산참사의 경우를 일반 시민, 문화예술가, 독립미디어 활동가, 종교인 등이 함께 연대해 국가 권력 중심의 공식 내러티브에 대항해 경쟁서사를 마련하고 대항기억을 스스로 재구성하면서 시민 기록의 의미를 되살렸던 중요한 사례로 바라본다. 당시 그 누구보다 현장 예술가들은 용산참사에 대한 기록의 과정에서 배제되고 타자화된 도시 빈민들의 절규에 귀 기울이면서, 전시 및 음악 공연 기획과 도록 작업, 만화집, 현장르포 사진집, 미디어 방송, 다큐멘터리 영화 등 다양한 매체를 활용해 자율적인 방식으로 사회적으로 소외된 이들의 감성과 정서를 기록했다. 특히 이 글은 현장 예술가들에 의해 수행됐던 참사 당시 비공식 대항기억 기록화의 움직임을 동시대 사회사적 사건의 기록화에 있어 중요한 전략으로 고려하고 이를 중요한 탐구 대상으로 삼는다. 이에 의거해 결론에서는 현장 예술의 동시대 현장 기록 방식이 가지는 기록학적 함의와 이를 사회 공통의 기억 속에 기입하기 위한 좀 더 포괄적인 기록화 방법을 제안한다.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.363-371
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• 2019

본 연구의 목적은 빅토르 위고(Victor Hugo)의 <크롬웰, Cromwell,1827> 서문의 그로테스크한 특성을 살피고, 니체의 고대 <그리스 비극>에 나타난 '사티루스(Satyros)'의 그로테스크한 현상을 빅토르 위고의 그로테스크와 차이점 및 공통점을 규명하기 위함이었다. 또한, 빅토르 위고와 니체의 공통점은 중세에 관심이 있었는데, 어떤 차이가 있는지 살펴보고자 했다. 연구의 주요결과는 빅토르 위고의 그로테스크 현상은 니체의 <그리스 비극>에서 디오니소스 극장의 '사티루스'에서 드러난다. 그것을 분류하면 첫째, 외형적인 부분에서 인간과 동물이 혼합된 형상을 한다. 둘째, '사티루스'가 익살스럽고 우스꽝스러운 분위기에서 가면을 그로테스크한 소재로 활용한 부분이다. 그로테스크에 대한 미학적, 철학적 정의가 세기마다 다양한 방법으로 있었지만, 아직도 그로테스크에 대해서 연구가 부족한 실정이다. 향후 후속연구는 시간의 흐름에 따른 사회적 현상에서 세부적인 연구가 진행되야 할 것이다.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.436-447
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• 1993

This study concerns the role of costume in Shakespearean tragedy from the viewpoint of the role theory. The term "role" has been used to represent the behavior expected of the occupant of a given position or status. A specific role can not be successfully performed without the aid of the Costumes. Costumes are adopted in relation with a specific role. The role of social status and position reflects sex, age, occupation, class, economic position of the characters. In his works, the crown and the mace represented not only the throne but also a previllege and supreme position. The sitution role of costume could be widely used for visualizing the psychological situation and external environments of the characters on the stage. The disguise role hided one's status, thereby makes possible acting others position. And the disguise role can bring about the change of status, age, sex, occupation, and atmosphere. The costume could be used as a voucher of love. The costume performed the role of the physical and psychic protection, and provided its wearer with consolation and peaceful mind. The costume reflected the custom of a society through its wearing condition and wearing configuration. The results obtained from this study can provide useful cues for understanding the role action in the social structure. This kind of understanding reveals the costume phenomena in real life, allows one to perform roles properly and efficiently, and opens our insight on the overall aspects of the costume culture.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.340-357
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• 2019

The purpose of this paper is to help develop a comprehensive understanding of the humidifier disinfectant disaster from diverse perspectives based on a critical review of the relevant academic research papers published so far in the fields of both natural and social science. The authors reviewed pertinent articles in the six academic areas of law, social science, humanities, medicine, toxicology, and environmental health. A proper understanding of the issue of humidifier disinfectant is a challenging task because diverse aspects of it have become related over the more than two decades since such products were first released to the market in 1994. Technical and esoteric issues such as the complex system for relief and compensation for health damages and the approval of chemical toxicity are known to be major impediments to viewing the bigger picture regarding this tragedy. The authors believe that experts need to consider a comprehensive perspective going beyond their individual research arena to gain a better understanding of this issue, especially since it was an alarm signal on ethics and the role of experts and scholars in Korean society. Besides the two professors arrested by the prosecutor's office, it should be remembered that medical doctors recommended patients use humidifiers and disinfectants, and the media was inactive in reporting on this issue. Furthermore, the current paucity of examination of the social and political implications of this tragedy calls for more active engagement by researchers in the humanities and social sciences. In this regard, this paper is a work of self-examination and self-criticism by the authors that could resonate with the overall academic community.

• 산경연구논집
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.15-17
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• 2016

Purpose - During the past twenty years, China has developed rapidly in economy. Meanwhile China's economic development has brought great many problems. Sustainable development is to achieve coordination in the ecological, economic and social aspects. Among them, the environment and resource issues are the most critical issues which affecting sustainable development in China. With China's rapid economic development, China's ecological environment is facing the most serious threat in water pollution, air pollution, solid waste pollution and the destruction of forests and biodiversity, resulting in a significant loss of the national economy. This research aims to examine whether the tragedy of the commons has hindered the sustainable development of China's economy or not. On the other hand, we try to analyze a solution to improve this situation. Research design, data, and methodology - Theoretical background study, finding optimization models, and data analysis. Results - In the case of a clear definition of property rights, the air will have a market price. The market price will coordinate pollutant emissions. Conclusions - The tragedy of commons has hindered the sustainable development. The model of China's Economic development should be changed.

• 비교문화연구
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• 제38권
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• pp.29-63
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• 2015

This paper attempts to re-read Tennessee William's A Streetcar Named Desire from a non-Aristotelian perspective, particularly focusing on the audience performativity. In Chapter 6 of the Poetics, Aristotle says that tragedy has a final purpose or end (telos) and that is to inspire a catharsis (literally "purification") of pity and fear by means of representation and to give pleasure from experiencing their relief. However, a dramatic theoretician Augusto Boal argues that Aristotelian catharsis is not to get rid of pity and fear through their vehement discharge; rather, the basic function of catharsis is the purging of antisocial elements from the social body and the restoration of order because catharsis occurs when the spectator, terrified by the spectacle of the catastrophe, is purified of his "hamartia" which looks similar to the tragic flaw of the hero in the play. Thus, Boal asserts that Aristotle's coercive system of tragedy manipulates the emotions of the passive spectator. By contrast, in non-Aristotelian aesthetics, tragedy functions not as legitimation for a particular political configuration but as the performance of ethical acts-through which all the participants, including not only the actors but also the audience, communicate more actively about practical problems and actively work in order to make sense of themselves, others, and society. Here, the audience is required to restore and reinforce his/her capacity to think and to act; thus, an unquestioning, passive, indifferent attitude is not allowed. In these contexts, this paper explores how Tennessee William's A Streetcar Named Desire involves the audience in the responsibility for what occurs on the stage, in order to urge the audience's ethical judgements and responsible acts. This paper argues that what this play asks of us is not catharsis, the purging of pity and fear, but empathy toward the other's pain, beyond pity and fear, to carry out our responsibility of sharing in and caring for the other's suffering. That is to say that it will be an ethical way to "re-member" Blanche DuBoi-the iconic Williams victim "dis-membered" by traumatic memories and open wounds and is thus unable to complete her grieving and mourning-as one of us, not as the other. It will be the only way to remember right regarding her tragedy.

• 영미문화
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.27-50
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• 2009

Henry James tries to describe minutely in The Wings of the Dove the process in which a bad faith grows, is practiced in one's self, and spreads to a society. Through this fictional specificity, he embodies an analogy between a bad faith and social role-playing. That is, he shows, through the main characters such as Milly Theale and Merton Densher, how self interacts with the other and a society. In this interaction, there is some essential element, namely, an organic relationship between a self identity and a social role-model, which James describes very meticulously. Therefore, the characters are depicted as seeking to define self identity and eventually distorting it. Thus, The Wings of the Dove can be seen as a tragedy in which the characters who have this wrongly distorted self identity come to experience its effects. The distorted self identity appears to function as a social role. Milly distorts her true self identity by internalizing a dove-image for it. This results in a bad faith. Moreover, the American girl Milly utilizes it as a convenient social role-model which makes it easy for her to interact and engage with the others in the European society. Merton also evades adventurous and painful self-reflection and self-criticism by sticking to the mannerisms of gentlemanship and imitates the sublimity which Milly shows him. Thus, Milly and Merton clearly omit self-inspection and self-inquiry for the contact between a free self and a society, which is essential to obtain social objectivity, namely, intersubjectivity.

• 영미문화
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.141-162
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• 2009

"Brokeback Mountain" deals with the love story between two homosexuals named Ennis and Jack. They never do use the word 'homosexual' but instead 'love.' They hide their love into the closet. And they conform to socially constructed gender roles. It is because they recognize that social order has punished the homosexuals severely through history. Especially, Ennis fears the homophobic heterosexual gaze. Through his paranoia, this article examines the conventional contradictory social order causing by the tragic story that is the homosexual "closet phenomenon." Such a phenomenon has resulted from the traditional patriarchal family system that is the central unit of society. Conventionally, patriarchy consists of a dominant male and non-dominant female system, based on force. Sexuality has been constructed, experienced, and understood in culturally and historically specific ways. Homosexuality has been imaged conventionally as a female disguised as a man. As such, homosexuality would violate and break such a constructed system that keeps the sexual hierarchy through male dominant construction. As homosexual, ironically with macho gender personas, Ennis and Jack are social outsiders. Through this story, Proulx suggests the conventional fixed social order is contradictory and, therefore forces the readers to re-consider the world and ponder about the future.