• 한국IT서비스학회지
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.177-187
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• 2021

The global economy has been very difficult due to the recent impact of COVID-19. Korea is also pushing for strong quarantine policies such as K- quarantine and social distancing, but the economy is hardly recovering. In particular, the economic situation began to change rapidly depending on the export and domestic market, the public's interest in the economy increased, and companies became more sensitive. In order to estimate this rapidly changing economic situation, major advanced countries have also developed models that can periodically monitor the economy at the government level. Through this, by periodically reporting the economic trends, the public and companies can be aware of the economic trends to some extent. This study analyzed the cases of weekly business trends in advanced countries and developed a model of weekly economic activity suitable for Korea. To verify this, indices closely related to the economy such as mobility, industrial activity, face-to-face consumption, and psychology were discovered and estimated. As a result of the study, the weekly economic activity index was judged to be very useful in capturing short-term real economic activity. In the future, in order to secure the robustness and stability of the index and to increase the reflection of reality, model improvement and parameter estimation should be performed regularly.

• Advances in Computational Design
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.297-319
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• 2022

Due to their natural and social revelation, also their ease and flexibility, human collective behavior and teamwork sports are inspired to introduce optimization algorithms to solve various engineering and scientific problems. Nowadays, meta-heuristic algorithms are becoming some striking methods for solving complex real-world problems. In that respect in the present study, the authors propose a novel meta-innovative algorithm based on soccer teamwork sport, suitable for optimization problems. The method may be referred to as the Soccer League Optimization-based Championship Algorithm, inspired by the Soccer league. This method consists of two main steps, including: 1. Qualifying competitions and 2. Main competitions. To evaluate the robustness of the proposed method, six different benchmark mathematical functions, and two engineering design problem was performed for optimization to assess its efficiency in achieving optimal solutions to various problems. The results show that the proposed algorithm may well explore better performance than some well-known algorithms in various aspects such as consistency through runs and a fast and steep convergence in all problems towards the global optimal fitness value.

• 아태비즈니스연구
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.335-352
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• 2024

Purpose - Low fertility rate is a serious problem, and this study analyzes factors affecting total fertility rate using panel data from 16 metropolitan cities and provinces in Korea from 2000 to 2022. Design/methodology/approach - Estimating the SAR model considering the weak cross-sectional dependence that exists in variables related to the regional total fertility rate, and using the DKSE estimation method considering the strong cross-sectional dependence. Findings - Estimation results considering weak and strong cross-sectional dependence were similar, confirming the robustness of the results. Female labor force participation rate has a positive effect on total fertility rate, and employment rate has no effect. However, the interaction term is a negative (-) sign. Crude marriage rate has a positive effect on total fertility rate, and apartment price has a slightly positive effect. Environmental factor has no effect, and policy factor has a negative effect. Research implications or Originality - In order for an increase in the female labor force participation rate to lead to an increase in the total fertility rate, qualitative improvements in female employment must be made. Financial investment policies for childbirth must increase their effectiveness. The problem of low fertility rate requires not only population policy but also social, economic, cultural, environmental, and policy conditions to be considered.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.75-80
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• 2016

Purpose - A growing demand for sustainability reporting has placed pressure on firms with non-financial information that affects firm valuation, growth, and development. In particular, a number of researchers have investigated various topics in Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), non-financial information. Prior studies suggest that CSR may affect corporate outcomes like corporate reporting, financial performance, and disclosures. However, the results from prior studies are not clear whether CSR affects corporate outcomes. This is partially due to the measurement issues with CSR. In this study, we examine whether CSR affects the quality of corporate reporting, one of the popular measures in corporate outcomes. We find an evidence that CSR positively affects the quality of corporate reporting. Research design, data, and methodology - In this study, we collected a unique dataset of CSR from MSCI. Total 169 firms listed in the Korean Stock Exchange from 2011 to 2014 were collected and analysed with the detailed CSR reports. Using a correlation test, we found a weak association between CSR and the quality of corporate reporting. However, the regression tests provided a strong relationship between CSR and the quality of corporate reporting after controlling for other variables that may affect the quality of corporate reporting. Additionally, we calculated the t-statistics based on heteroskedaticity-consistent standard errors (White, 1980). Results - Before we run the regression test, we sort the measures of the two dependent variables into each rating of CSR (from AAA to CCC). The results indicate that the quality of corporate reporting measured by discretionary accruals and performance-matched discretionary accruals monotonically decrease as the CSR ratings increase. This supports our hypothesis. In the regression tests, the coefficient on MJDA (PMDA) is -0.183 (-0.173) and significant at the 5% level. We can interpret the results as CSR affecting the quality of corporate reporting in positive ways. Other coefficients on control variables are consistent with prior studies. For example, the coefficients on both LOSS and LEV are positive and significant at conventional level, meaning that firms with financial difficulty may harm their quality of corporate reporting. Conclusion - We found an evidence that CSR is positively associated with the quality of corporate reporting. This study contributes to the literature in various ways. First, this study extends the line of CSR research by providing additional evidence in the setting of ethical behaviors by managements. This is consistent with the hypothesis and supports the results of prior studies. Second, to the best of my knowledge, this is the first study using the MSCI CSR ratings. In contrast with prior studies using different measures of CSR, the MSCI CSR ratings allow us to provide in-depth analysis. Third, the additional measure of dependent variable (PMDA) allows us to improve the robustness of our results. Overall, the results provided this study to extend the findings in prior studies by providing incremental evidence.

• 한국콘텐츠학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘텐츠학회 2007년도 추계 종합학술대회 논문집
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• pp.183-187
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• 2007

고도의 지식 기반사회인 현대사회에서 과학적 지식과 기술 혁신은 개인과 사회, 그리고 국가의 경제 발전과 경쟁력을 위한 필수적 요소로서 자리매김해 왔다. 그러나 이와 동시에 줄기세포연구, 유전자조작기술 등 기술혁신에 따른 잠재적 위험성은 사회적 불안 및 갈등요소로도 작용하고 있다. 기술에 대한 불확실성이 증가하고 사회가 다원화하면서 과학기술정책의 의사결정과정도 기존의 톱다운 방식인 '거버먼트(Government)'에서 점차적으로 '거버넌스(Governance)로 옮겨가고 있다. 다양한 사회 구성원의 참여로 의사결정이 이루어지는 거버넌스는 복잡한 사회 현상들에 대한 다원적 접근을 가능하게 한다. 본고에서는 거버넌스, 특히 기술혁신과 관련된 리스크 거버넌스를 중심으로 과학기술지식을 기반으로 한 의사결정모델을 살펴보고, 글로벌 시대에 과학기술과 사회의 지속가능한 발전을 위한 거버넌스 체계를 모색해보고자 한다.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제72권
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• pp.139-160
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• 2016

Using the gravity model, this paper analyzes empirically how the world trade in goods is affected by regional trade agreements(RTAs) which have been spreading rapidly since the mid-1990s. This paper attempt to do the panel data analysis about 174 countries during the period of 1994-2008. These panel data include 157 RTAs. It is meaningful that this paper uses comprehensive data to analyze the net effect of regional trade agreements on the global trade volume. This provides a clue as to the answer to the stumbling block debate raised early in the regional trade agreement. Also, confirming how the participation of the WTO affected the trade volume among the member countries, the WTO-related dummy variables are additionally introduced to this gravity model. And as far as we know, the state system-related variables is first considered in this model. This variable reflects the social and cultural environments of countries as the proxy variable representing the sociocultural homogeneity. In all regressions, joining to the WTO and consistency of the state system have a positive effect on increasing the trade volumes between countries. According to the analysis of RTA trade effects, RTAs, on average, increase the volume of trade within the RTA region by 27%~37%, and decrease the volume of trade between the regional and the non-regional nation by 1.2%~3.4%.Therefore, the net effect of regional trade agreements on the promotion of global welfare is positive. For robustness check, we also introduce the interaction term of the dummy variable which reflects the RTA tightening and the continuous variable which reflects the distance effect. As a result, the RTAs alleviate the trade-decreasing effect which is caused by the distance between the countries.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.158-163
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• 2013

While job stress evaluations are reported in the recent surveys upon the nuclear power plants(NPPs), any significant advance in the types of questionnaires is not currently found. There are limitations to their usefulness as analytic tools for the management of safety resources in NPPs. Data mining(DM) has emerged as one of the key features for data computing and analysis to conduct a survey analysis. There are still limitations to its capability such as dimensionality associated with many survey questions and quality of information. Even though some survey methods may have significant advantages, often these methods do not provide enough evidence of causal relationships and the statistical inferences among a large number of input factors and responses. In order to address these limitations on the data computing and analysis capabilities, we propose an advanced procedure of survey analysis incorporating the DM method into a statistical analysis. The DM method can reduce dimensionality of risk factors, but DM method may not discuss the robustness of solutions, either by considering data preprocesses for outliers and missing values, or by considering uncontrollable noise factors. We propose three steps to address these limitations. The first step shows data mining with response surface method(RSM), to deal with specific situations by creating a new method called response surface data mining(RSDM). The second step follows the RSDM with detailed statistical relationships between the risk factors and the response of interest, and shows the demonstration the proposed RSDM can effectively find significant physical, psycho-social, and environmental risk factors by reducing the dimensionality with the process providing detailed statistical inferences. The final step suggest a robust stress management system which effectively manage job stress of the workers in NPPs as a part of a safety resource management using the surrogate variable concept.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제55권5호
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• pp.415-423
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• 2022

Economic evaluations in the healthcare are used to assess economic efficiency of pharmaceuticals and medical interventions such as diagnoses and medical procedures. This study introduces the main concepts of economic evaluation across its key steps: planning, outcome and cost calculation, modeling, cost-effectiveness results, uncertainty analysis, and decision-making. When planning an economic evaluation, we determine the study population, intervention, comparators, perspectives, time horizon, discount rates, and type of economic evaluation. In healthcare economic evaluations, outcomes include changes in mortality, the survival rate, life years, and quality-adjusted life years, while costs include medical, non-medical, and productivity costs. Model-based economic evaluations, including decision tree and Markov models, are mainly used to calculate the total costs and total effects. In cost-effectiveness or costutility analyses, cost-effectiveness is evaluated using the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio, which is the additional cost per one additional unit of effectiveness gained by an intervention compared with a comparator. All outcomes have uncertainties owing to limited evidence, diverse methodologies, and unexplained variation. Thus, researchers should review these uncertainties and confirm their robustness. We hope to contribute to the establishment and dissemination of economic evaluation methodologies that reflect Korean clinical and research environment and ultimately improve the rationality of healthcare policies.

• 지능정보연구
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.119-140
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• 2007

추천 시스템은 정보의 홍수 속에서 사용자로 하여금 자신에게 더욱 가치 있고 흥미로운 정보를 선별할 수 있도록 돕는 자동화된 정보 여과 시스템이다. 최근 분산 컴퓨팅 환경에 대한 연구가 활발히 진행되면서, 지금까지의 중앙 서버에서 모든 정보를 관리하는 중앙 집중 방식의 추천 시스템에서 P2P 환경의 접근 방식으로 선회하고 있다. 협력적 여과는 상업적인 추천 시스템에서 가장 많이 사용하는 정보 여과 기법이지만, 그 성공에도 불구하고 확장성(scalability)과 데이터의 희박성(sparsity), 악의적인 사용자의 공격(shilling attack)에 대한 방어 등에 관련된 여러 제약을 갖는다. 중앙 집중 방식에서 분산된 방식으로의 변화는 추천의 신뢰성과 개인 정보의 남용 가능성에 관련한 문제점을 일부 해결할 수 있으나, 조작된 사용자 프로파일을 사용하여 추천을 조작하려는 의도를 갖는 악의적인 사용자의 공격에는 중앙 집중 방식과 마찬가지로 취약할 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 개인 정보의 오남용과 악의적인 사용자의 공격에 관련된 문제점을 해결하고, 분산된 환경에서 효과적인 협력적 여과를 수행하여 추천의 성능과 정확성을 높이기 위한 멀티 에이전트 기반의 추천 프레임워크를 제안한다. 추천의 신뢰성을 높이기 위해 사용자간의 신뢰 정보를 사용하며, 각 사용자의 개인 에이전트와 이동 에이전트간의 정보교환을 통해 효과적으로 신뢰 정보를 전파하고 분산된 유사도 계산의 효율성을 높였다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제12권11호
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• pp.338-357
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• 2012

본 연구의 주제는 국내 금융기관들의 신용부도스왑(CDS) 스프레드의 재무적 결정요인에 대한 분석이다. 대부분의 기존 유사주제관련 연구논문들의 대상 (표본)기업들은 선진자본시장에 소속되어 있었으나, 본 연구의 특성으로서, 현재까지는 신흥자본시장에 소속되어 있는 국내 금융업종 소속기업들에 대한 동 스프레드에 관한 연구라는 점에도 의의가 있다. 연구 방법론과 관련하여, 본문 중 분석된 다중회귀분석과 주요인분석방법 외에도, 강건성 제고를 고려한 단계별회귀분석을 이용한 최종'선정'모형이 추가적으로 검정되었으며, 표본기업들은 국제적으로 거래가 되는 국내 금융기관들(은행, 금융지주회사 포함)이다. 예를 들어, KB국민은행, 하나은행, 기업은행, 우리은행, 그리고 신한금융지주 등이다. 동 연구결과, 여러 재무관련 주요 설명변수들 중, 종합적으로 '이자율기간구조'에 대한 대용변수(즉, 5년만기 국고채와 3년만기 국고채간의 스프레드)와 베타와 동 기간구조 간의 '교호효과변수', 즉, 2가지의 설명변수들이 동 신용부도스왑 스프레드 결정에 대한 통계상의 일관적 중요성을 나타냄이 발견되었다. 본 연구결의 추가적인 기대효과로서는, 국내 투자자(기관투자가 포함)들에게는 상대적으로 생소하지만, 국제자본시장에서는 현재까지 활발히 개발, 매매되는 장외파생금융상품에 대한 이해를 제고할 수 있다는 점이라고 판단된다. 추가적으로, 동 상품의 결정요인에 대한 심층 분석을 통하여, 다국간 자유무역협정(FTA) 체결 등을 통하여 향후 국내외에 신규 진출할 것으로 예상되는 해당 금융기관들이, 신용부도스왑에 대한 자신들의 위험수준을 효율적으로 사전분석할 수 있는 효과도 기대된다.