• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.37-47
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to analyze the loss of open space of schools in Ulaanbaatar city and found out main causes of the conversion trend of open space to suggest alternatives. 76 designated sites were selected from 118 public schools within 6 districts of Ulaanbaatar city. These 76 schools were eligible for analysis of the open space change between 2005 and 2015 with Google Earth Pro. The results showed that $175,048m^2$ open space was developed and two dominant types of open space conversion were found; 1) constructions of school facilities such as soccer field, extended school buildings, parking lot, sidewalk, and square, and 2) constructions of apartment buildings and service facilities such as community center, pedestrian, sports facilities, and parking lot. Apartment complex development has commonly happened in all districts and caused bigger open space loss than other types of development. Chingeltei district is located in the center of Ulaanbaatar city, and schools in this district lost the biggest open space, $50,036m^2$/35.24% over 10 years. The rate of open space loss seemed to be related to the distance from the urban center and open space loss was an ongoing event in Ulaanbaatar city. This trend would not be improved without a strong regulation, so, in this study, making strict regulations that prevent conversions of open space were suggested to conserve open space in Ulaanbaatar city.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.118-124
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• 2005

To examine the eating attitudes, weight concerns, dietary intake, and menstrual function of Korean female elite athletes, 109 subjects in seven sports disciplines (rhythmic gymnastics, synchronized swimming, badminton, volleyball, Taekwondo, field hockey, and soccer) responded to a questionnaire consisted of three parts; eating attitudes and behavior(Eating Attitude Test-26; EAT26), body weight perception (Body Dissatisfaction Index: BDI) and weight control behavior, and menstrual history and status. They also recorded three-day dietary intake. Body weight (43.6$\pm$4.3 kg) and body mass index (16.7$\pm$1.4 kg/$m^2$) in rhythmic gymnasts were lower than those in other athletes (P<0.05). EAT26 scores were not different among sport events (12.3$\pm$6.5 total), however, eating disturbances (EAT26 score$\geq$20) were highly prevalent in aesthetic athletes ($30\%$) than in others ($5\%$). More than half of the athletes perceived themselves overweight and four fifth of the athletes desired to reduce weight about 4.4 kg. The gymnasts consumed the lowest caloric intake (1028:t371) while the volleyball players did the highest (2995$\pm$342 kcal/d) (P<0.05). The BDI score was not different among sport events. Three fourth of the athletes experienced weight control, and the most frequently used weight reduction method was exercise followed by using robber suits, diet, and sauna. About $40\%$ of the subjects reported irregular menstrual cycles, but menstrual dysfunction ($\leq$6 menses/yr) was only $5\%$. Generally, the Korean female elite athletes desired to reduce weight from their current body weight. No differences in eating attitude and body dissatisfaction were noticed among athletic disciplines. However, eating disturbances were highly prevalent in aesthetic athletes who also reported much less energy intake than the recommend daily energy intake. It appeared that weight reduction methods were not properly practiced in these population. Menstrual dysfunction was minimally reported.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.5
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• pp.19-40
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• 2002

For front, aspect of terror may have to prepare indeed even chemical terror or rocket and small size missile and radioactivity terror because is predicted to become various. Furthermore, when see motion of every countries about nuclear engineerses' bringing round and illicit sale of plutonium, our country may have to prepare in terrorism which is expected thus. So that can finish international event successfully because the United States of America supports great manpower and budget since New York's World Trade Center terror and when see that is considering terror prevention countermeasure, we operate temporarily bursting tube state complete charge team such as terror by each field specialist such as a concern interested including special CBR complete charge moving team among 2002 World Cups soccer game period ahead of international event, must consider safety countermeasure. Specially, biology weapon of chemical weapon and cholera etc. 13 kinds of 5000ton that North Korea plans CBR terror society confusion that North Korea that to terror support nation as well as nuclear weapons development suspicion is defending South Korea communization strategy as real condition that is amplified as well as is saving production brand gets imprinted uses CBR terror at normal times, when see that is planing powerlessness communization unity using CBR weapon at time of war, must operate until bias 2002 World Cups international event finishes cooperation safety countermeasure utensil safely under closer talk between the South Korea ${\cdot}$ Japan ${\cdot}$ North Korea. As for us which must serve 2002 World Cup successfully to accomplish perfectly preparedness of CBR terror firstly, all inhabitants knows well CBR protection trick, and secondly, CBR existing formation that solidify realignment CBR complete charge moving team which of course is consisted of CBR specialist compose and keeping immediate going out attitude operating, by third, that expand CBR individual protection equipment and CBR evacuation equipment and establish individual and group protection attitude naturally, supplement as there is main room that actualize CBR pollution patient's slogan countermeasure by fourth, and develop standard model for CBR terror provision by fifthBecause constructing infra of CBR safety establishing CBR preparedness that utilize it, must minimize damage and contribute inhabitants' life and property protection.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.14B no.2
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• pp.89-98
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• 2007

For browsing, searching, and manipulating video documents, an indexing technique to describe video contents is required. Until now, the indexing process is mostly carried out by specialists who manually assign a few keywords to the video contents and thereby this work becomes an expensive and time consuming task. Therefore, automatic classification of video content is necessary. We propose a fully automatic and computationally efficient method for analysis and summarization of spots news video for 5 spots news video such as soccer, golf, baseball, basketball and volleyball. First of all, spots news videos are classified as anchor-person Shots, and the other shots are classified as news reports shots. Shot classification is based on image preprocessing and color features of the anchor-person shots. We then use the dominant color of the field and motion features for analysis of sports shots, Finally, sports shots are classified into five genre type. We achieved an overall average classification accuracy of 75% on sports news videos with 241 scenes. Therefore, the proposed method can be further used to search news video for individual sports news and sports highlights.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.296-308
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to comprehend the contemporary sports star fashion and to contemplate aesthetic characteristics of sports star fashion, thereby to establish the styles of sports star fashion. For such purposes, this study first examines aesthetic characteristics of sports fashion and star fashion based on previous studies, in order to analyze aesthetic characteristics of sports star fashion, and conducts a case study by analyzing photographic materials of fashion styles of well-known male sports stars such as the English soccer player David Beckham and American golf player Tiger Woods. The result of this study is as follows: the aesthetic characteristics of the contemporary sports star fashion are virility, functionality, sensuality and deconstruction. (1) Virility emphasizes manly features by displaying trained and disciplined body. (2) Functionality is expressed through structural simplicity and temperance of decoration. High-tech textiles and fibers are favored in order to fit in comfortable bodily movement for the heavy exercises. (3) Sensuality, as an expression of indulgence of sexual pleasure, is expressed through bodily exposure. Lastly, (4) deconstruction, which means destroying existed boundaries of cultural categories, is shown as co-existence of design elements from different times and places, stereotypes and sensibilities. Virility and functionality are prominent characteristics expressed in sports uniforms and training costumes. Sensuality and deconstruction are shown in daily fashion and formal dress outside the sports field.

• Journal of Venture Innovation
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.101-118
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• 2021

Along with the rapid supply of apartments, bathtubs are becoming a must-have item for our lives, but research is very insufficient. This study is an empirical case study for formalization of taciturn as a long-time worker in the bathtub field. Bathtubs are developing different types of materials due to various factors, and we would like to draw characteristics based on their contents. The bathtub is characterized by its materials according to its manufacturing, housing structure and distribution process. First, it is a locally produced product because import and export is difficult. The second depends on the building soccer team, such as wet and dry. Third, it is different in relation to industries such as manufacturing and distribution. I would like to suggest the differences between the fourth countries. We hope this research will serve as a cornerstone for the study of bathtubs, and we hope it will be useful for those involved.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.299-305
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• 2018

Perception refers to the process of acquiring all the information about the environment through various sensory organs such as the visual, auditory, tactile, and olfactory senses and integrating and interpreting the information transmitted to the brain. The ability to use these perceptions efficiently is called perceptual skill, and perceptual skill is an important factor for improving performance in the field of sports. As a result, many researchers have developed various perceptual training programs to maximize these perceptual skills while they have also progressed on attempting to verify their effects. The perceptual skill training introduced in this study is a training method that focuses on visual perception and is a training method that is applied in the United States and Europe. to improve sports performance. As a result of carrying out the perceptual skills training based on the kicker's important clue (the kicker's hip - the angle of the body and foot before kicking) to the goalkeeper in the situation of a soccer penalty kick improved the ability of predicting the direction of the ball while even in tennis, carrying out the perceptual skills training based on the server's important clue (position, ball, racket) improved the accuracy of the ability to predict in the direction of serve. Recently, there have been numerous research studies that were carried out on such perceptual skills training, but the number of studies conducted are insufficient, especially in Korea where research studies on perceptual training seem to be in a relatively neglected state. In addition, extensive studies need to be carried out to investigate whether the improvement of perceptual skills in the laboratory situation can be transitioned to an actual performance situation. Therefore, in order to elevate sports performance, researchers need to examine the perceptual training program's extent of necessity as well as the research direction regarding its effects.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.50-59
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• 2006

This study was initiated to investigate soil chemical properties under different soil systems. Data such as soil acidity(pH), electrical conductivity(EC), organic matter content(OMC), and cation exchange capacity(CEC) were analyzed with samples from multi-layer, USGA, and mono-layer systems. N, P, K and micronutrients were also measured. Multi-layer system was built up to 60-cm depth with rootzone layer, intermediate layer and two drainage layers. USGA system 45 centimeters deep was constructed with rootzone layer, intermediate layer and drainage layer. Mono-layer system, however, was made only with a 30-cm rootzone layer. Differences were observed in soil pH, EC, OMC, CEC and micronutrients. Soil pH was acceptable for turfgrass growth a year after establishment, being 5.5 to 6.5 in the study. Differences were greatly observed for EC among soil systems. Values of EC for multi-layer, USGA, and mono-layer systems were 39.79, 31.26 and 103.54 uS/em, respectively. The increase rate was approximately 4 to 8 times greater with mono-layer system than those with other two systems. Therefore, it was necessary to avoid micronutrient deficiency such as Fe, Mn etc. through an effective management program in mono-layer system because of its faster potential feasibility of salt accumulation. The greatest OMC was associated with USGA system, being 0.97% which was 11% over that of the other systems. Slight differences were observed for CEC among them. Mono-layer system produced 1.45 me/100g, 10.3% and 8.9% lower in CEC than those of multi-layer and USGA system, respectively. Micronutrients such as Fe, Zn, and Mn etc. were below the level required for turf growth, regardless of soil systems. It was considered that one year after turf establishment was not enough to build up micronutrients in sand-based soil systems to the normal level for a turf growth. These results demonstrate that intensive management program including grow-in concept fertilization should be integrated into sand-based soil systems, even after a year in establishment. Regular nutrient monitoring by soil analyses is a strong necessity to decide the kinds and amount of fertilizer. Also, strategic management program must be selectively employed according to sports turf soil systems.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.91-102
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to prepare the introduction of the community facilities in public corporation buildings as the effort to community activation in the innovation city. The type and development condition of community facilities, and the cases of the private and public corporation buildings are studied. Moreover, the type and scale of facilities which can be established in the public corporation building that will move to the innovation city. The result can be summarized as follows; First, the community facilities can be classified into leisure, public administration, culture, athletics, and welfare, and the facilities are suggested at each hierarchy of living area. Secondly, the result of the case study shows that the public corporation establishes and operates various facilities include welfare, culture, and athletic facilities while the private part usually installs the cultural one. Thirdly, cultural(library, museum, performing place), athletic(soccer field, tennis court, swimming pool), welfare(day nursery, children's library) facilities are selected as the applicable ones to the public corporation building which is going to move to the innovation city. And finally, the basic unit of each facility is derived based on the investigation of legal standard, present condition, and literature reviews, etc., and applied to estimate the scale of the community facility in the public corporation building.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.259-268
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• 2013

This study was carried out to evaluate the visual turfgrass's color quality, winter color, and spring green-up under three different soil systems and to make a practical use for sports turf design and construction. Several turfgrasses were evaluated in multi-layer, USGA and mono-layer systems. Turfgrass entries in the study comprised of 3 cultivars from Korean lawngrass (Zoysia japonica Steud.) of typical warm-season grass (WSG) and 3 blends and 3 mixtures from Kentucky bluegrass (KB, Poa pratensis L.), perennial ryegrass (PR, Lolium perenne L.), and tall fescue (TF, Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) of cool-season grass (CSG). Significant differences were observed in the turfgrass's color quality, winter color, and spring green-up in the study. Seasonal variation of visual turf color greatly occurred according to soil systems and turfgrasses. Multi-layer and USGA systems were highly associated with better visual color ratings, as compared with mono-layer system. Regardless of soil system, visual turf color in all entries was better from spring to fall than in winter. Great color differences were observed during a period of early December to early spring. CSG produced a better color quality over WSG in any soil system. Overall color ratings for CSG were KB > PR > Mixtures > TF. As for a winter color, its ranking was USGA > multi-layer > mono-layer system. No difference was found in winter among cultivars of Korean lawngrass, being completely brown, but great differences among CSG. Rated best for winter color was PR, followed by CSG mixtures, KB and finally TF in order. It was generally conceded that fast green-up in spring was greatly related with multi-layer over mono-layer system and also CSG over WSG. Among CSG, TF had a fastest green-up. PR was also fast in green-up, but poor in color uniformity. KB, however, was the slowest due to shallow rooting system, when compared with other CSGs. These results demonstrate color differences were greatly variable according to soil systems and also among turfgrass species. A precise decision should be made in selecting turfgrass species and soil system. Multi-layer and USGA systems were considered as the suitable one for turfgrass color quality, winter color and spring green-up. It is a great necessity to combine proper soil system, right turfgrass species, and appropriate mixing rates by a concept-oriented approach, when establishing garden, parks, soccer field, and golf courses and so on.