• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.368-372
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• 1999

The practicality of utilizing chitosan as a natural antimicrobial compound to reduce soybean sprout rot was tested. Domestic and imported soybean seeds were soaked for 6 hours in solutions containing different levels of chitosan and acetic acid (glacial), and cultured at $25^{\circ}C$ for 6 days. In case of domestic seeds, soaking with 1,000ppm chitosan increased germination percentage, hypocotyl thickness, total length, and fresh weight of sprouts by 4%, 5%, 2%, and 1%, respectively. The total sprout yield was increased by chitosan in a concentration-dependent manner in that 1,000ppm chitosan resulted in 8% increment of total yield (7.47kg sprouts/kg seed). Chitosan significantly reduced sprout rot percentage to 7.0% compared to control (13.8%), and consequently enhanced marketable sprout yield by 39%. Compared to domestic seeds, the imported soybean seeds exhibited very low germination percentage regardless of chitosan treatments. Chitosan, nevertheless, consistently induced yield increment and rot decrement in imported soybean sprouts. Although 100ppm acetic acid was effective in reducing sprout rot percentage down to 11.8%, its yield-increasing effects were not as prominent as chitosan. In conclusion, soaking soybean seeds with chitosan seems to be a practical method to enhance the efficiency of soybean sprout production.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.422-424
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• 2008

A serious problem of the 21st century is the supply of energy resources. Reserves of fossil fuels are facing depletion: renewable energy resources must be developed in this era. Dye sensitizedsolar cells(DSC) have been very economical and easy method to convert solar energy to electricity. DSC can reach low costs in future outdoor power applications. However, to commercialize the DSC, there are still many shortages to overcome. When the DSC is commercialized in the near future, the productivity is an important factor. In the process of soaking in a dye, it usually takes $12\sim24$ hours. In this study, we varied the dye coloring temperature from $0^{\circ}C$ to $60^{\circ}C$. At the temperature of $40^{\circ}C$, DSC cell showed the best performance. We also expect the reduction of the time soaking in a dye. Counter electrode surface of DSC is deposited by RF magnetron sputtering under the conditions of Ar $2.8{\times}10^{-3}$ torr, RF power of 120W and substrate temperature of $100^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.35-40
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• 2010

Corn stover, hemp woody core and tobacco stalk were treated by dilute ammonium hydroxide soaking for improving the enzymatic saccharification of cellulose and xylan to monosaccharides by commercial cellulase mixtures. As more lignin removal by dilute ammonium hydroxide impregnation led to more enzymatic saccaharification of cellulose and xylan to monosaccharides (corn stover vs tobacco stalk). There was no relationship between xylan removal by dilute ammonium hydroxide impregnation and enzymatic saccharification of polysaccharides in pretreated samples. Except corn stover, lower temperature and longer treatment ($50^{\circ}C$-6 day) was less lignin removal than higher temperature and shorter treatment ($90^{\circ}C$ 16 h). Corn stover showed the highest enzymatic saccharification of cellulose and xylan but tobacco stalk showed the lowest.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.284-288
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• 1985

To examine changes of antinutritional oligosaccharides, particularly raffinose and stachyose, of mung beans during germination, mung beans (Phaseolus aureus) were germinated at $25^{\circ}C$ for 7 days after soaking for 15 hr. The 80% ethanol extracts of mung bean sprouts were analyzed by Kieselgel thin-layer chromatography using a solvent system, ethylacetate, acetic acid and water (3:1:1, v/v). The moisture level was increased greatly after soaking followed by stabilization along to the 3rd day of germination. The level was increased slightly on the 4th day and thereafter stabilized. Antinutritional oligosaccharides, raffinose and stachyose was diminished significantly on a thin-layer chromatogricadtly on the 1st and 2nd day of germination, and disappeared almost thereafter.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.21-25
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• 1988

The predominant kernel(7mesh) of naked barleys were polished to give 65% yield. The diffusion coefficients and volume increase rates of polished naked burleys at $40^{\circ}C$ were $3{\sim}4$ and 2.2 times greater than those of naked barleys, respectively. The moisture gains of polished naked barleys were linearly related to the volume increases. The hardness of polished naked burleys during soaking was exponentially decreased.

• 보존과학연구
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• s.6
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• pp.48-57
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• 1985

This report described the corrosion structure of excavated iron artifacts in terms of simple model based on the knowledge of the corrosion process. (Fig.1)(Table 1,2)In storing the objects, there are basically three ways in which they either break in wedges, flakes and dish-shaped flakes. Completely mineralized objects or those with only a small iron core tend to break into wedges and more solid objects either split small dish-shaped flakes or large flat ones.(Fig. 2,3,4)There are two ways, therefore, to prevent this from happening. One is to keep the artifacts rigorously dried in Silica-gel, never allowing the relative humidity to rise. This is feasible which the artifacts are in store but causes great difficulty if they are wanted for museum display. Because they still contain $ FeCl _2$ they are always at risk ; they contain the seeds of their own destruction. The other alternative is to use of washing process to dissolve out the $ FeCl _2$. In this connection, many different methods to stabilize the artifact have been employed; boiling iron in frequent changes of water, soaking in Na-sesquicarbonate solution, soaking in alkaline Na-sulphite solution. In this report, introduced the alkaline sulphite method by the N.A. North and C.Pearson.Finally, Let me extend my thanks to Ancient Monument Lab., Museum of London Conservation Lab., British Museum Conservation Div. and National Maritime Museum Conservation Lab. who have helped me and made many valuable suggestions.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.156-162
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• 2011

To evaluate the bonding performance of reinforced glulam, the textile type of glass fiber and aramid fiber, and the sheet type of glass fiber reinforced plastic (GFRP) and carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) were used as reinforcements. The reinforced glulam was manufactured by inserting reinforcement between the outmost and middle lamination of 5ply glulam. The types of adhesives used in this study were polyvinyl acetate resins (MPU500H, and MPU600H), polyurethane resin and resorcinol resin. The block shear strengths of the textile type in glass fiber reinforced glulam using MPU500H and resorcinol resin were higher than 7.1 N/$mm^2$, and these glulams passed the wood failure requirement of Korean standards (KS). In case of the sheet types, GFRP reinforced glulams using MPU500H, polyurethane resin and resorcinol resin, and CFRP reinforced glulams using MPU500H and polyurethane resin passed the requirement of KS. The textile type of glass fiber reinforced glulam using resorcinol resin after water and boiling water soaking passed the delamination requirement of KS. The only GFRP reinforced glulam using MPU500H after water soaking passed the delamination requirement of KS. We conclude that the bonding properties of adhesive according to reinforcements are one of the prime factors to determine the bonding performance of the reinforced glulam.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.28-35
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• 2000

As a result of survey of one hundred grain weight and been husk/whole bean ratio of 25 soybean varieties, the one was ranged 12.1∼27.1g and Saeal was highest as 27.1g, and Kwangan was lowest as 12.1g, while the other was revealed that Sinpladal 2 was highest as 9.40%, and Jangyebo was lowest, as 6.13%. Contents of crude protein were ranged 38∼48.5% which Tanback was highest as 48.5%, and Jangyeob was lowest as 39%. Crude lipid contained 17∼22%, and Muhan was highest as 48.5% and Tanback was lowest as 39%. Range of water uptake ratio and hardness after soaking were 235.9∼202.8% and 0.890∼2.593kg/3.14$\textrm{mm}^2$ and Jinpum was highest as 2.593kg/3.14$\textrm{mm}^2$, while Tanwon was lowest as 0.066kg/3.14$\textrm{mm}^2$.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.707-713
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• 1996

Changes of sodium chloride content in Chinese cabbage were investigated at different conditions. The diffusion rate of sodium chloride into the cabbage increased with increasing the temperature of brine solution. Sodium chloride content of Chinese cabbage at the lower portion of tank was higher than that at the upper position. The more washing and dewatering, the lower sodium chloride content of the cabbage was found. Microstructure pattern of salted cabbage tissue depended upon height of tank. The changed epidermis cell was recovered after several times of washing.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.1-9
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• 1995

This study was carried out to experiment the dimensional stabilization of woods of red pine (Pinus densiflora S. et Z.) and sugi(Cryptomeria japonica D. Don) by vacuum impregnation of polyehtylene glycols(PEG) with mo. wt. 200, 400, 600, 1000; polypropylene glycols (PPG) with mo. wt. 425,725 ; PEG-acryloylates, and PPG-acryloylates synthesized, and then by water soaking. The results obtained are as follows: 1. The density of sapwood and heartwood was different from each other in both species. 2. The PEG and PEG-macromers with lower molecular weight by impregnation has increased the density of wood specimens more higher, thereby caused their higher volume expansion, and those with higher molecular weight than 600 has tended to down their density increment. 3. Before and after water soaking, the density decrease of specimen impregnated was high in woods impregnated with simple PEG and PPG, while lower in specimens impregnated with PEG-macromers and PPG-macromers. 4. So PEG-macromer was expected to hold the original dimension of decayed wood for antiques, but it was necessary to develop another penetration method as well as aqueous solvent.