• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
• /
• v.37 no.3
• /
• pp.43-50
• /
• 2021

On the construction of new roads, the cut slope is inevitable and thus has been widely applied in the mountainous area. Particularly, the retaining wall with the precast concrete panel is often selected for its higher stability and mostly constructed in bottom-up method. However, the bottom-up method results in steeper slope as 1:0.05 before constructiong retaining wall and thus causes poor compaction at backfill which may induce instability during or after the construction. To overcome this problem, precast concrete panel retaining wall was attached in-situ ground (so called top-down). This paper presents the evaluation of drainage capacity of top-down method which has impermeable layer between panel and mortar being used to increase the ability of attachment of the precast concrete panel.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
• /
• v.15 no.6
• /
• pp.93-103
• /
• 2005

As the usage of XML documents increases the requirement of security for XML documents is growing. Especially it is very important to solve the problem of access control to XML object which shares in the environment where various users connect to each others. In this paper, we propose the access control model and mechanism which is combined with role hierarchy in the RBAC and hierarchical key derivation/assign method for the access to XML object. So we implement the access control mechanism by including hierarchical key derivation method. The technique, we proposed, gives not only the benefit in management which RBAC provides in access control to XML objects, but also it ran help derive a lower layer key from the higher layer user's. This feature decrease the number of keys managed in each role hierarchy in comparison with previous methods.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
• /
• v.24 no.8
• /
• pp.13-20
• /
• 2023

Tunnelling through the geological anomalies has widely known to have many difficulties such as bottom heave, crack of lining, squeezing and so on. To stabilize the tunnel during the construction or after construction, various reinforcing methods have been introduced and applied such as micropiling at the bottom of tunnel to prevent the bottom heave. In this study, long-term behavior of tunnel in the presence of geological anomalies was predicted using numerical analyses. To this end, material properties for swelling rock model capable of representing the rock swelling behavior was obtained using matching process with measured data to validate the adopted model. After the model validation, simulations were performed to predict the long-term behavior of tunnel in the geological anomalies.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
• /
• 2022.10a
• /
• pp.108-108
• /
• 2022

In this study, multispectral images of wheat according to soil water state were collected, compared, and analyzed to measure the physiological response of crops to environmental stress at the individual level. CMS-V multi-spectral camera(Silios Technologies) was used for image acquisition. The camera lens consists of eight spectral bands between 550nm and 830nm. Light Reflective information collected in each band sensor and stored in digital values, and it is converted into a reflectance for calculating the vegetation index and used. According to the camera manual, the NDVI(Normalized Difference vegetation index) value was calculated using 628 nm and 752 nm bands. Image measurement was conducted under natural light conditions, and reflectance standards(Labsphere) were captured with plants for reflectance calculation. The wheat variety used Gosomil, and the wheat grown in the field was transplanted into a pot after heading date and measured. Three treatments were performed so that the soil volumetric water content of the pot was 13~17%, 20~23%, and 25%, and the growth response of wheat according to each treatment was compared using the NDVI value. In the first measurement after port transplantation, the difference in NDVI value according to treatment was not significant, but in the subsequent measurement, the NDVI value of the treatment with a water content of 13 to 17% was lowest and was the highest at 20 to 23%. The NDVI values decreased compared to the first measurement in all treatment, and the decrease was the largest at 13-17% water content and the smallest at 20-23%. Although the difference in NDVI values could be confirmed, it would be difficult to directly relate it to the water stress of plants, and further research on the response of crops to environmental stress and the analysis of multi-spectral image will be needed.

• Korean Security Journal
• /
• no.44
• /
• pp.251-278
• /
• 2015

Registered security guards carry out police duties as civilian police who are in charge of security service, and so they have a two-fold status: a civilian in terms of a social standing and a policeman in the way that they execute the authority of security. The problem caused by this legal position is that their legal rights and obligation can be unclear in the task-action and working relationship. This paper attempts to study their functions, rights, and legal duties through the interpretation of the related positive law so as to reveal the problems that may spring from this ambiguous status of registered security guards. This endeavor illuminates their legal status specified in the positive law in and around the Act on the police assigned for special guard, observing their functions and the legal duties in the pursuit of their tasks, and ending up pointing out the problems of the positive law. As a result of research work, the most significant problems, even if multifarious, are the avoidance of the state reparation in the responsibility for the illegal behavior in connection with their operation; the unconstitutionality of the disciplinary punishment regulation originated from the entrust with full powers; the imperfection of the rules about the cooperative ties with the police; the possibility of human rights abuse caused by the ban on the labor dispute; the equality problems from the dual pay system; and the inadequacy of the codes about the recruitment qualification and method. This research is intended to help achieve the purpose of the security of national critical facilities through the smooth execute of duties as well as the protection of the guards' rights. Besides, the key focuses posed in this paper are worthy of being developed more accurately through the following researches.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
• /
• v.12 no.2
• /
• pp.113-128
• /
• 1991

This study has been carried out to investigate Pyu-Juk ( 肺積 ), Pyu-Ong ( 肺癰 ), Pyu-Ju ( 肺疽 ), Pyu-Am ( 肺癌 ) by referring to 56 literatures. The results were obtained as follows; 1. The treatllent-method of Pyu-Juk ( 肺積 ) are Ik Ki ( 益氣 ), SuI Yem Wha ( 洩陰火 ), So Juk ( 消積 ), Wha Juk ( 化積 ), Son Juk ( 損積 ), Ma Juk ( 摩積 ) Jo Chil Gi ( 調七氣 ), and herbs are Sik Bun Tang ( 息賁湯 ), Sik Bun Hwan ( 息賁丸 ), O Juk Hwan ( 五積丸 ), Ban ha Tang ( 半夏湯 ), Gil Gyung Tang ( 桔梗湯 ), Dae Chil Gi Tang ( 大七氣湯 ), Chil Gi Hwan ( 七氣湯 ) , Ga Gam Sik BlDl Hwan ( 加減息賁丸 ), Bil Rang San ( 檳郞散 ). 2. The treatment-method of Pyu-Ong ( 肺癰 ) Yang pyu ( 養肺 ), Yang Hyul ( 養血 ), Yang Gi ( 陽氣 ), Chung Geam Youn Pye ( 淸金潤肺 ), Hal Dam Bae Nong ( 豁痰排膿 ), Saeng Gi ( 生肌 ), herbs are Gil Gyung Tang ( 桔梗湯 ), Jung Ryuk Dae Jo Sa Pyu Tang ( ??大棗瀉肺湯 ), Chung Geom Wy Gyung Tang ( 千金 葦莖湯 ) Hwang Gi tang ( 黃嗜湯 ), Hyun Sam Chung Pyu Eum ( 玄蔘淸肺飮 ), Sip Mi Hwan ( 十味丸 ), Gil Gyung Baek San ( 桔梗白散 ), So Hong Eum ( 消膿飮 ), Sam Gi Bo Pyu Tang ( 蔘嗜補肺湯 ), sam Chul Gun Bi Tang ( 蔘朮健脾湯 ), Chung Pyu Gil Gyung Tang ( 淸肺桔梗湯 ), Yu Sung Hwan ( 如聖丸 ). 3. The treatment-method of Pyu-Ju ( 肺疽 ) are Be Bi ( 補脾 ), Bo Pyu ( 補肺 ), herbs are Hwang Gi Gum Jung Tang( 黃嗜補裨湯 ), lnSamBoPyuSan (人蔘補肺散) 4. The treatment-method of Pyu-Am ( 肺癌 ) are Bal Han ( 發汗 ), Chung Yul Hae Dok ( 淸熱解毒 ), Gang Hwa Do Dam ( 降火導痰 ), Hwa Rak Hwa a ( 和絡化瘀 ) Ik Pyu ( 益肺 ), Gun Bi ( 健脾 ), Ja Eum Yun Pyu ( 滋陰潤肺 ), Gi Hu Yang Bo ( 氣虛兩補 ), herbs are Gyul Yua Hae Dok Tang ( 莖熱解毒湯 ), Gang Hwa Jae ( 降火劑 ), Chil Yul Do Dam Tang ( 治熱導痰湯 ), Chong Ho Byul Gap Tang ( 靑蒿鱉甲湯 ), Ga gam Gil Gyung Tang ( 加減桔梗湯 ), Sang Mak San ( 生脈散), Yuk Mi Ji Hwang Tang ( 六味地黃湯 ), Baek Hap Go Geum Tang ( 百合固金湯 ), Dae Be Won Jun ( 大補元煎 ), Ga Mi Jae Che Bo Pyu Tang ( 加味載體補肺湯 ).

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Esthetic Dentistry
• /
• v.25 no.1
• /
• pp.15-24
• /
• 2016

It is considered an implant failure when there is esthetic problems in the anterior area although the prosthesis function normally. In 2003, Dr. Kan et al stated that implant bone level is determined by the adjacent teeth. After that many scholars have studied how can achieve the esthetics result on adjacent teeth bone loss cases. In 2012, Dr. Takino published an article in Quintessence. He summarized previous articles and reclassified the defects from class 1 through 4. Class 1 and 2 depicts a situation where there is no bone loss on adjacent teeth. In Class 3 and 4, interproximal bone loss extends to the adjacent tooth. If one side is involved, it is Class 3. If both sides are involved, it is Class 4. The clue for esthetic implant restoration is whether bone loss extends to adjacent tooth or not. If the bone level of adjacent tooth is sound, we can easily achieve the esthetic but the bone level is not sound, the surgery will be complicated and the esthetic result will be unpredictable. So regenerative surgery for adjacent tooth is necessary for long-term maintenance. But the options and process were so complicated, the purpose of this article is to report the method simplify the surgery and gain a similar outcome.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
• /
• v.37 no.1
• /
• pp.130-135
• /
• 2010

Ectopic eruption is caused by an abnormal direction of eruptive path, most common in maxillary first molar, mandibular lateral incisor, and maxillary canine, and sometimes mandibular first molar. Ectopic eruption of first molar leads to abnormal root resorption of second deciduous molar, which, if left untreated, could cause premature loss of second deciduous molar; mesial tilting and rotation of first permanent molar; lack of space for eruption of second premolar; and occlusal problems. Therefore early treatment is advised when diagnosed as ectopic eruption. Treatment of ectopic eruption in the first permanent molar involves providing proper guidance for the direction of eruption using interproximal wedging and distal tipping methods while preserving second deciduous molar. This case report shows satisfactory results of the ectopic eruption of mandibular first molars in young patients who were treated with Humphrey appliance and Halterman appliance.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
• /
• v.5 no.3
• /
• pp.125-130
• /
• 2019

This research is about alternative measure of main components for sprinkler system like automatic wet pipe sprinkler system, dry pipe sprinkler system, pre-action sprinkler system, vacuum sprinkler system, deluge sprinkler system, and so on. By replacing the alarm check valve, dry valve, pre-operated valve, and deluge open valve with a solenoid valve, it be can be simplifed the various processes of the manufacturing process into one process, it creates an environment in which one standardized product can be produced simultaneously on a single machine. Therefore, it could improve the price competitiveness of products, reduce the maintenance cost, and help the adaptability of new sprinkler systems in the future. There is a benefit when it comes to apply to sprinkler system. Only replace the valve which is used to control primary and secondary valve such as wet, dry, pre operated, vacuum, deluge system valve. Other components such as retarding chambers, automatic air compressors, accelerators or adjusters, supervisory panels, vacuum pumps, and manual starters can be used as they are, so they can be easily applied to existing sprinkler system. It is needed to legal and institutional study for solenoid valve applied sprinkler system to commercialize.

• Clean Technology
• /
• v.30 no.2
• /
• pp.105-112
• /
• 2024

Globally, the demand for electric vehicles has surged due to greenhouse gas regulations related to climate change, leading to an increase in the production of used batteries as a consequence of the battery life issue. This study aims to selectively leach and recover valuable metal lithium from the cathode material of spent LFP (LiFePO₄) batteries among lithium-ion batteries. Generally, the use of inorganic acids results in the emission of toxic gases or the generation of large quantities of wastewater, causing environmental issues. To address this, research is being conducted to leach lithium using organic acids and other leaching agents. In this study, selective leaching was performed using the organic acid methane sulfonic acid (MSA, CH₃SO₃H). Experiments were conducted to determine the optimal conditions for selectively leaching lithium by varying the MSA concentration, pulp density, and hydrogen peroxide dosage. The results of this study showed that lithium was leached at approximately 100%, while iron and phosphorus components were leached at about 1%, verifying the leaching efficiency and the leaching rates of the main components under different variables.