• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.81.1-81.10
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• 2022

Background: Snakebites remain a devastating and life-threatening environmental hazard. While the management of snakebites has been well described in humans, few clinical data and guidelines exist for dogs, especially in Korea. Objectives: This retrospective study evaluated the clinical features of 70 dogs with snakebite wounds in Korea. Methods: The medical records of 72 dogs that presented to three animal hospitals from June 2008 to July 2021 were reviewed; among these, 70 dogs that met the inclusion criteria were enrolled. Their signalment, history, clinical signs, physical examination, blood analysis, treatment, and prognosis were also evaluated. Results: Of 70 dog owners, 35 (50%) witnessed the bite, with a mean time between bite and hospital presentation of 9.7 ± 4.1 h in 58 dogs. Blood smears were evaluated in 45 dogs, of which 28 (62%) showed echinocytosis. Anemia and acute kidney injury were found in 21 (29%) and 2 dogs (3%), respectively. A total of 37 dogs (53%) were hospitalized, 5 (7%) of which died. Conclusions: The most significant finding was the high prevalence of echinocytosis. The data from this retrospective study could inform the management of dogs bitten by snakes in Korea.

• 대한임상독성학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.22-24
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• 2022

Elapid snakes have neurotoxic venom which causes diverse neuroparalytic manifestations, including fatal respiratory failure. In South Korea, since elapid snakebites are very rare, the cobra antivenom, which is effective against neurotoxicity, was only introduced recently. Most physicians in South Korea have little experience in the treatment of patients who have been bitten by elapid snakes. A 19-year-old man was brought to the emergency department with sudden diplopia, 1 hour after a snakebite on the left 2nd finger. The patient presented with drowsiness and complained of mild dizziness and binocular diplopia. After 1 hour, he had sudden onset of dyspnea and dysphagia and appeared to be agitated. He was immediately intubated and received mechanical ventilation as he was unable to breathe on his own. A total of 2.5 mg of neostigmine diluted with normal saline was slowly infused, and 1 vial of cobra antivenom was infused for an hour, 5 times every 2 hours, for a total of 5 vials. He slowly recovered self-breathing; on the 3rd day of hospitalization, he showed tolerable breathing and was extubated. He was discharged without any neurological deficits or other complications.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.174-181
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• 2006

Objective : Based on the immunological dysfunction in RA and the immunological feature of Clematis mandshurica Maxim. herbal acupuncture solution (CM-HAS), this study examined whether subcutaneous (s.c.) administration of CM-HAS has anti-inflammatory effects on adjuvant arthritis (AA) in the rat. Methods : Complete Freund's adjuvant was used to induce AA in rats. Secondary paw swelling of AA rats was measured, and polyarthritis index was scored. The administration of CM-HAS (2, 5, 10 mg/kg) to the Sinsu-hyul (BL 23) acupuncture point subcutaneously (s.c.) inhibited the inflammatory response and restored the weight of body and immune organs of AA rats. In this study. inhibitory effect of CM-HAS on cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) was evaluated. The plant material selected for this study has been used in Korean medicine for the treatment of various diseases that are considered as inflammatory in nature, e.g. asthma, arthritis, rheumatism, fever, edema, infections, snakebite and related inflammatory diseases. Results : There were significant secondary inflammatory reactions in AA rats, accompanied with the simultaneous decrease of body and immune organs weight. The administration of CM-HAS (2, 5, 10 mg/kg, s.c.) improved the above changes significantly. CM-HAS showed inhibitory activity against COX-2, which supports their traditional uses. In this study, aspirin and indomethacin were used to contrast with CM-HAS as the COX-2 inhibitors. Conclusion: The findings of this study may explain at least in part why CM-HAS has been traditionally used for the treatment of inflammatory conditions in traditional Korean and Chinese medicine.

• 대한임상독성학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.90-96
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• 2009

Purpose: This study explored and evaluated the systemic complications resulting from the bite of Korean venomous snake, focussing on hematologic and neurologic features. Methods: Medical records (demographic data, clinical measurements including laboratory results, severity score, and amount of antidote administration, and hospitalization course) of consecutive patients who presented with snakebites to two university teaching hospital during a 10-year period were retrospectively reviewed. Subgroup analysis was conducted for evaluations of anti-acetylcholine esterase administration in complicated victims. Results: The 170 patients displayed occurrence rates of hematologic and neurologic complications of 12.9% and 20.6%, respectively. Among 22 patients with hematologic complications, isolated thrombocytopenia was evident in eight patients (36.4%), prothrombin time (PT) / activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) prolongation in 11 patients (50.0%), and both in three patients (13.6%). The mean time to recovery was $4.5{\pm}1.8$ days for isolated thrombocytopenia, and $5.1{\pm}1.8$ days for PT and aPTT prolongation. Hematologic complications could occur suddenly 1?4 days after hospitalization. Among 35 patients with neurologic complications, dizziness was evident in 16 patients (45.7%), and diplopia / blurred vision in 19 patients (54.3%). The mean time to recovery was $3.4{\pm}0.6$ days in patients receiving anti-acetylcholine esterase and $6.9{\pm}1.8$ days in those not receiving anti-acetylcholine esterase (p=0.00). Conclusion: Occurrence rates of hematologic and neurologic complications following venomous snake bite differed as compared to other studies conducted in Korea. Onset of hematologic complications can occur rapidly days after admittance. Anti-acetylcholine esterase administration may be effective in treating neurologic complications.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제52권3호
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• pp.250-257
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• 2019

본 연구에서는 섬쑥부쟁이 (Aster glehni)와 쑥부쟁이(Aster yomena)의 항산화 효과 및 항비만 효과를 검정하기 하여 물 (-W)과 에탄올 (-E)추출물을 이용하여 실험을 실히 하였다. 각 추출물을 총 페놀 및 총 플라보노이드를 함량을 분석하고 DPPH와 $ABTS^+$를 이용하여 항산화 활성을 비교 분석하였다. 또한 총 페놀 및 총 플라보노이드를 함량과 항산화 활성의 상관관계도 분석하였다. 항산화 물질로 알려진 총 페놀과 플라보노이드 함량은 섬쑥부쟁이의 70% 주정 추출물에서 각각 45.42 mg/g와 40.32 mg/g으로 다른 추출물에 비해 높은 함량을 나타내었다. 항산화 효과의 경우 또한 $ABTS^+$의 $IC_{50}$값이 섬쑥부쟁이의 70% 주정 추출물에서 $30.1{\mu}g/mL$로 가장 우수하였다. 총 페놀 및 총 플라보노이드를 함량과 항산화 활성의 상관관계도 유의적으로 통계처리 되어 추출물의 함량이 항산화 활성에 영향이 있다는 것을 보여주었다. 또한, 섬쑥부쟁이와 쑥부쟁이의 항비만 효능 평가를 위하여 지방세포인 3T3-L1의 분화 억제를 확인하였다. 추출물을 농도별로 처리하여 지방분화를 Oli-Red O 염색약으로 염색하여 비교하여 보았을 때, 섬쑥부쟁이의 물 추출물에서 70.49%의 가장 낮은 지질 축적율을 나타내었다. 이상의 결과에서, 섬쑥부쟁이의 총 페놀 및 총 플라보노이드를 함량, 항산화 활성과 지방분화 억제 활성이 우수하게 나타났다. 이에 본 연구결과를 바탕으로 섬쑥부쟁이가 안정성이 검증된 항비만 기능성 식품이나 의약품 소재로써 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.