• 한국음향학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국음향학회 1994년도 FIFTH WESTERN PACIFIC REGIONAL ACOUSTICS CONFERENCE SEOUL KOREA
• /
• pp.848-853
• /
• 1994

This paper describes the concept and basic technique of measuring torsional operational deflection shapes using a laser-based torsional vibration meter, a dual-channel FFT analyzer and operational deflection shapes software running on a PC. Torsional Operational Deflection Shapes (TODS) is defined similar to ODS (Operational Deflection Shapes), with the exception the TODS designates the operational deflection shapes of structures vibrating in a rotational, or angular, degree of freedom. Thus the TODS measurements can be applied to rotating shafts and the results of such a measurement are shown. In some cases it may be great benefit to apply order tracking and/or synchronous time domain averaging techniques in order to avoid smearing and reduce noise problems.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and information Science
• /
• 제1권1호
• /
• pp.70-76
• /
• 1996

In this paper, we have proposed a band stop filter (BSF) for pre-processing of image sequences before encoding. By pixel-wise temporal filtering of the image sequences using the BSF, the bandwidth and noise of the signal are reduced, while preserving the image quality in view of human visual perceptions. As a result, when compared to the original image sequences, te pre-filtered image sequence requires lower bit-rates for encoding, while there is not much degradation in quality. Also, it has been shown that the proposed BSF causes less smearing and blurring than the conventional recursive low pass filter for bandwidth and noise reductions.

• 지능정보연구
• /
• 제12권1호
• /
• pp.17-31
• /
• 2006

본 논문에서는 출입국자 관리의 효율성과 체계적인 출입국 관리를 위하여 여권 코드를 자동으로 인식하고 위조 여권을 판별할 수 있는 여권 인식 및 얼굴 인증 방법을 제안한다. 여권 이미지가 기울어진 상태로 스캔되어 획득되어질 경우에는 개별 코드 인식과 얼굴 인증에 많은 영향을 미칠 수도 있으므로 기울기 보정은 문자 분할 및 인식, 얼굴 인증에 있어 매우 중요하다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 여권 영상을 스미어링한 후, 추출된 문자열 중에서 가장 긴 문자열을 선택하고 이 문자열의 좌측과 우측 부분의 두께 중심을 연결하는 직선과 수평선과의 기울기를 이용하여 여권 영상에 대한 각도 보정을 수행한다. 여권 코드 추출은 소벨 연산자와 수평 스미어링, 8 방향 윤곽선 추적 알고리즘을 적용하여 여권 코드의 문자열 영역을 추출하고, 추출된 여권 코드 문자열 영역에 대해 반복 이진화 알고리즘을 적용하여 코드의 문자열 영역을 이진화한다. 이진화된 문자열 영역에 대해 CDM 마스크를 적용하여 문자열의 코드들을 복원하고 8 방향 윤곽선 추적 알고리즘을 적용하여 개별 코드를 추출한다. 추출된 개별 코드 인식은 개선된 RBF 네트워크를 제안하여 적용한다. 개선된 퍼지 ART 기반 RBF 네트워크는 퍼지 논리 접속 연산자를 이용하여 경계 변수를 동적으로 조정하는 퍼지 ART 알고리즘을 제안하여 RBF 네트워크의 중간층으로 적용한다. 얼굴 인증을 위해서는 얼굴 인증에 가장 보편적으로 사용되는 PCA 알고리즘을 적용한다. PCA 알고리즘은 고차원의 벡터를 저 차원의 벡터로 감량하여 전체 입력 영상들의 직교적인 공분산 행렬을 계산한 후, 그것의 고유 값에 따라 각 영상의 고유 벡터를 구한다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 PCA 알고리즘을 적용하여 얼굴의 고유 벡터를 구한 후, 특징 벡터를 추출한다. 그리고 여권 영상에서 획득되어진 얼굴 영상의 특징 벡터와 데이터베이스에 있는 얼굴 영상의 특징 벡터와의 거리 값을 계산하여 사진 위조 여부를 판별한다. 제안된 여권 인식 및 얼굴 인증 방법의 성능을 평가를 위하여 원본 여권에서 얼굴 부분을 위조한 여권과 기울어진 여권 영상을 대상으로 실험한 결과, 제안된 방법이 여권의 코드 인식 및 얼굴 인증에 있어서 우수한 성능이 있음을 확인하였다.

• 한국동물생명공학회지
• /
• 제35권3호
• /
• pp.232-238
• /
• 2020

This study used adult wistar-based rats to observe the sexual cycle as a morphological characteristic of vaginal epithelial cells by vaginal smearing, and investigated the fetal number through mating with male rats of the same strain. The target animal was a 12 to 13-week-old Wistar-based mature unlighted rat (weight 220 g to 240 g), room temperature 23 ± 2℃, 14 hours artificial lighting (05:00 to 19:00 hours), 10 hours Adapted individuals were used for rearing for at least 2 weeks under the conditions of the darkroom (19:00 to 05:00). The feed was managed for free feeding of pellet feed for animals and water. The vaginal smearing method was used for the experiments by observing the sexual cycle every morning and confirming that the normal sexual cycle of 4 or 5 days was repeated at least 2 cycles or more. As a result, the proestrus was found to have few red blood cells, the cells and nuclei were rather large and round, and many nucleated cells were identified. In the case of the estrus, the cells were large and the nuclei were not stained, and most of the keratinocytes were found. In addition, in the metestrus and diestrus, there were many white blood cells, and it was confirmed that nucleated epithelial cells and keratinocytes were significantly reduced. The pregnancy period was 21 ± 1.8 days, and the number of live births per delivery was 11.9 on average. The number of fetuses on the 8th and 10th days of pregnancy were 15.2 ± 0.4 and 15.4 ± 0.3, respectively. On the contrary, the number of fetuses on the 12th day of pregnancy was 12.9 ± 0.6, which was significantly (p < 0.05) decreased compared to the 10th day of pregnancy, and the number of fetuses was similar until delivery. As a result of investigating the change of body weight according to the birth weight and growth stage after delivery, the birth weight of female and male was 9.2 ± 2.0 g and 9.8 ± 2.5 g, respectively. After that, until the 16th day, the female and the male showed similarly moderate weight gain, and then showed a rapid weight gain until the 21st day of lactation. With reference to the results of this study, it is expected to be used as basic data for determining the mating time of rodents and controlling pregnancy and fetal number.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
• /
• 제23권4호
• /
• pp.491-498
• /
• 2012

최근 OFDM 시스템의 T-DMB 동일 채널 중계기에서 궤환 신호를 제거하여 송신 출력을 증강시키고, 등화기를 사용하여 ICI(Inter Carrier Interference)를 제거함으로써 시스템 성능을 개선하기 위하여 노력하였다. 그러나 T-DMB 동일 채널 중계기의 경우, 성상도 번짐 현상으로 수신 단말기에서 완벽하게 신호 품질이 개선되지 않고 있다. 그러므로 본 논문에서는 성상도 번짐 현상을 억압하기 위하여 파일럿(PRS)을 이용하여 주파수 영역에서의 ICI를 고려한 적응형 채널 추정과 결정지향 잡음 제거 기법을 제안함으로써 단말기에서 수신 품질을 확보한다. T-DMB 단말기에서 요구되는 QoS(Quality of Service)를 확보하기 위하여 동일 채널 중계기에서 SNR과 BER을 평가하고, 시뮬레이션을 통하여 검증하였다. 시뮬레이션 결과를 통하여 back-off=9 dB 상태에서 위상 잡음 -18 dBc의 경우, 위상 잡음을 보상하여 수신기에서 SNR=14 dB 이하에서 BER=$10^{-5}$의 성능을 만족할 수 있다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
• /
• 제27권3호
• /
• pp.299-309
• /
• 2002

The purposes of this study were to evaluate the microtensile bond strength of one-step adhesives accord ing to various dentin surface treatments and to observe the interface between resin(Z-100$^{TM}$) and dentin under SEM. In this study forty-five non-caries extracted human molars and three adhesive systems were used ; AlI-Bond 2(AB), One-Up Bond F(OU), AQ-Bond(AQ). ; In Group 1, 2, 3, AB was used and tooth surfaces were treated by smearing(S), ultrasonic cleansing(US), etching(E) respectively. In Group 4. 5, 6, One-Up Bond F was used and tooth surfaces were also treated as the same way above. In Groups 7, 8, 9, AQ Bond was used and tooth surfaces wet$.$e treated as the same way. Each specimen was prepared for microtensile bond testing, and were stored for 24hrs in 37$^{\circ}C$ distilled water. After that, microtensile bond strength for each specimen was measured. Specimens were fabricated to examine the failure patterns of interface between resin and dentin and observed under the SEM. The results were as follows ; 1. The results(mean$\pm$SD) of microtensile test were group 1, 25.69$\pm$4.31MPa; group 2, 40.93$\pm$10.94MPa; group 3, 47.65$\pm$8.85MPa； group 4, 35.98$\pm$9.14MPa； group 5, 39.66$\pm$8.45MPa; group 6, 43.26$\pm$13.01MPa; group 7, 25.07$\pm$4.2MPa；group 8, 30.4$\pm$4.74MPa；group 9, 33.61$\pm$7.88MPa. 2. One-Up Bond F was showed the highest value of 36.98$\pm$9.14MPa in dentin surface treatment with smearing, and there were significant differences to the other groups (p<0.05). 3. All-Bond 2 was showed the highest value of 40.93$\pm$10.94MPa in dentin surface treatment with ultra-sonic cleansing, but was no significant difference to One-Up Bond F(p>0.05) 4. All-Bond 2 was showed the highest value of 47.65$\pm$8.85MPa in dentin surface treatment with etch ing(10%phosphoric acid), and there were significant differences to the other groups(p<0.05). 5. All-Bond 2 was showed the highest value of 47.65$\pm$8.85MPa in dentin surface treatment according to manufacture's directions. but was no significant difference to One-Up Bond F(p>0.05). 6. AQ Bond was skewed the lowest microtensile bond strength with various dentin surface treatment, and the were significant differences to the other groups(p<0.05).

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
• /
• 제16권2호
• /
• pp.90-97
• /
• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the contamination level of uniforms with nasal colonization of Staphylococcus aureus before and after the clinical practice of nursing students. Methods: This study was a survey research, conducting microbial culture by smearing the front surface and the pockets of uniforms, and the nasal cavity both before and after clinical practice on 70 nursing students. For the analysis, descriptive statistics, chi-square test, paired t-test were used for statistical analysis using SPSS 19.0. Results: The contamination level of uniforms increased more significantly after clinical practice on the front surface (p=.008) and pockets (p=.031) than before clinical practice, and Staphylococcus aureus, and Enterobacter aerogenes were detected. Conclusion: Through the results above, it is believed that it is reasonable to do the laundering of clinical uniforms of nursing students once a week. Because it is possible to disseminate disease germs with the contamination of clinical practice uniforms in a hospital environment, it is necessary to offer education for the laundering of uniforms with appropriate management.

• 대한기계학회논문집
• /
• 제18권10호
• /
• pp.2514-2522
• /
• 1994

The mirror surface grinding of carbon fiber reinforced plastics(CFRP) was realized by using the metal bonded super-abrasive micro grain wheel with electrolytic in-process dressing(ELID). The maximum surface roughness $R_{max}$ of CFRP which was obtained with #6,000 wheel, was 0.65 $\mu{m}$, which was rougher surface finish compared to those of hard and brittle materials with the same mesh number wheel with ELID. The grinding performance was much dependent on the grinding direction and the best surface roughness was obtained at $90^{\circ}C$ grinding with fiber direction. The spark-out effect on the surface improvement was significant when smaller mesh number grinding wheels were used. From the surface observations of CFRP with scanning electron microscope(SEM) and Auger electron spectroscopy(AES), it was found that the mirror surface grinding of CFRP was generated by the homogenization due to carbonization of the ground surface and smearing of chips composed of the carbon fiber and carbonized epoxy resin into the ground surface.

• 환경생물
• /
• 제20권1호
• /
• pp.20-24
• /
• 2002

남조류에 의한 수화가 발생한 과림, 도창, 물왕 저수지로부터 시료를 채수 하여 남조류 분해 균주의 분리를 시도하였다. BG-11배지에 Anabaena cylindrica를 double layer method를 이용하여 남조류 lawn을 만들어 각각의 시료를 $100\mu{l}$씩 smearing하였다. $28^\circ{C}$ 3,000 Lux light chamber에서 13일간 배양하여 도창 저수지 시료를 접종한 Anabaena cylindrica lawn에서 남조류 분해능을 가지는 곰팡이를 분리하였다. 분리된 곰팡이의 동정은 Vitek system을 이용하여 수행하였으며, 그 결과 Cryptococcous laurentii로 동정되었다. SDS-PAGE 결과 Cryptococcus laurentii는 4개(29, 35.2, 40.9, 51.1 kDa)의 세포외 분비 단백질을 가지는 것으로 확인되었으며. Anabaena cylindrica와 혼합 배양시에는 특히 29 kDa의 단백질이 많이 분비되는 것을 확인하였다.

• 한국염색가공학회지
• /
• 제7권4호
• /
• pp.33-38
• /
• 1995

In resist-discharge printing of cotton fabrics with reactive/reactive dyes the effects of intermediate drying on the white and the colored resist-dischargeabilities were studied. From the results of resist-discharge printing in case of 75% pick up, it was found that the most effective condition of intermediate drying which could at once prevent bleeding and improve the resist-dischargeability was 11$0^{\circ}C$ x 1min. The drying condition of 10$0^{\circ}C$ x 2min or 12$0^{\circ}C$ x 1min can be also recommended. It is important to pay close attention to the intermediate drying temperature and time. Because in case of 75% pick up when drying was carried on at 11$0^{\circ}C$ or 12$0^{\circ}C$ for more than 1 minute the resist-dischargeability was greatly lowerd by the fast fixation of ground color caused by high temperature, and in case of 100 % pick up the insufficient drying of ground color caused the resist-dischargeability to lower with giving rise to various troubles such as bleeding and smearing.