• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.166-178
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• 2014

Purpose of this study was conducted to investigate the factors influencing smartphone addiction of high school students. The data were collected from 351 high school students in B city and analyzed with t-test, ANOVA and multiple regression by using SPSS 18.0 program. The smartphone addiction rate was 20.8%, which the high risk group rate was 8.5% and potential risk group rate was 12.3%. The significant factors of smartphone addiction were using time in weekend, accident in using smartphone, aggression, depression, attachment to peer and behavior control of learning attitude. And these factors explained 33.4% of the variance in smartphone addiction. In conclusion, the results from this study indicated a need to develop the intervention program to prevent smartphone addiction.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.20 no.12
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• pp.129-136
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• 2015

In this paper, we propose a smartphone addiction affected adjustment to college life and the moderating effects of impulsivity in the relations between smartphone addiction and adjustment to college life. For this, it conducted the questionnaire with 348 college students who showed higher use of smartphone and analyzed the data from the questionnaire. The results of the analysis are as follows. It was found that smartphone addiction had significant influences on the adjustment to college life. As a result of examining the moderating effects of impulsivity in the relations between smartphone addiction and adjustment to college life, there were the moderating effects of impulsivity. This study was available in giving useful suggestions to prevent smartphone addiction and help college students adjust to their college life through impulsivity control.

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.59 no.4
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• pp.557-567
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• 2021

This study examined the relationship between COVID-19 stress, self-regulation, and smartphone addiction among university students. It also assessed whether self-regulation mediates the relationship between COVID-19 stress and smartphone addiction. The participants comprised 346 students enrolled in G city university. Data were analyzed using SPSS and AMOS to generate descriptive statistics, perform a correlation analysis, and create a structural equation model. The main findings were as follows. First, COVID-19 stress had a negative correlation with self-regulation, but a positive correlation with smartphone addiction. A negative correlation was observed between self-regulation ability and smartphone addiction. Secondly, self-regulation partially mediated the relationship between COVID-19 stress and smartphone addiction. The results will inform educational and counseling interventions aimed at preventing smartphone addiction among university students living in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.95-104
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• 2015

In recent years, in accordance with the rapidly increasing number of smartphone users, various social problems have started to occur. Examples of these problems are the overuse of smartphones and bad usage habits of smartphone users that can cause new social problems such as smartphone addiction and other smartphone related diseases. With the aim of preventing these social problems, this paper proposes a new smartphone addiction and disease prevention system. This system was developed by collecting and analyzing smartphone usage patterns. This proposed system analyzes the usage patterns and working hours of smartphone users in real time. If the detected smartphone usage patterns reach a dangerous level, the system will send warning messages to the user. This will enable users to recognize the unhealthy situation in advance by themselves. In addition, this solution could possibly prevent smartphone addiction and other smartphone related illness by preventing overuse and encouraging abstinence from using smartphones to the extent that it becomes harmful to the user.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.222-230
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to investigate the identified groups depend on the relationship of smartphone overdependence and adolescents' perception of smartphone overdependence itself. The study also explored gender positions in classified groups and the relationship between irrational perception of smartphone and positive emotion while smartphone usage. The participants to the study were 2,033 adolescents, aged between 10 and 19 from a smartphone overdependence survey of the National Information Society Agency. As a result of the qui-square analysis and MANOVA, four groups were classified depend on perception of smartphone overdependence and related smartphone overdependence behaviors. Second, gender did not show any differences in groups. Third, adolescents with lower perception in smartphone overdependence showed lower perception of smartphone usage compared to other adolescents in three groups. Fourth, adolescents with constructive perception in smartphone overdependence reported positive emotions. The results of this study suggest that it is necessary to understand adolescents' smartphone overdependence and look together with the irrational perception of smartphone.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.99-109
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• 2014

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to analysis the relationship between hours of smartphone use and neck pain in university students. Methods : A survey of 2,353 university students was conducted in Gyeonggi province and Incheon city using a self report questionnaire from April 1 to 11 2013. The questionnaire of questions regarding the hours of using smartphone, mainly used function in participant's smartphone and neck discomfort degree. Neck disability index(NDI) was used to evaluate degree of pain. The collected data were analyzed with the t-test and Kendall's tau test using the SPSS 21.0 program and R 3.1.0, respectively. Results : 1. Almost all of the survey participants(99.07 %) were smartphone users. 66.97 % of them answered that they use their smartphone daily more than 2 hours and 48.18 % of them answered that they use their smartphone 10 to 30 minutes everytime they use it. 2. The overall distribution of NDI scores was 'no disability(0~4 score, 62.92 %)', 'mild disability(5~14 score, 32.85 %)', 'moderate disability(15~24 score, 1.19 %)'. As a result of t-test, we found that the average NDI score for female students was significantly higher than the average NDI score for male students(p<0.05). 3. The Kendall's tau test revealed that total time spent daily using smartphones has a strong positive correlation with 'pain intensity', 'lifting', 'reading' 'headache', 'concentration', and 'driving'(p<0.05) in NDI. Also, time duration of one time smartphone usage has a strong positive correlation with 'pain intensity', 'lifting', 'reading', 'headache', 'concentration', 'work', and 'recreation'(p<0.05). 4. The Kendall's tau test revealed that total NDI scores have a significantly strong positive correlation with both of total time spent daily using smartphones(p<0.05) and time duration for one time smartphone usage(p<0.05). This results imply that long-time use of smartphone has a strong relationship with neck pain. Conclusions : The results of the study would be a good starting point for future studies to reduce the risks of chronic neck pain caused by smartphone usage.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.207-214
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• 2014

Recently, smartphone spyware resembles various types of virus components in PCs and has trends getting more and more severe. Users do not perceive the risk factors severely even if smartphone security is very vulnerable in spite of the smartphone spyware growth. Thus, this study observes the influence of information security in selecting smartphone based on the personal inclinations and spyware perceptions. The main variables of study model are such as the degree of personal risk-accepting and the risk of smartphone spyware as independent variables and smartphone purchasing intention as a dependent variable. The model is tested using SPSS 21 packages on the effective 200 samples gathered through questionnaire survey on the present smartphone users. As a result, the two main hypotheses which are "the degree of personal risk-accepting will influence on the perceiving risk of smartphone spyware" and "the perceiving risk of smartphone spyware will influence on smartphone purchasing intention" were significant statistically. Therefore, we could find out information security's influence on the selecting smartphone.

• Journal of Information Technology Services
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.1-23
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• 2012

The growing interest in smartphones has increased the number of studies conducted on technology acceptance and user satisfaction. It is now over two years since the launching of smartphones, but there are not many researches on the usage behavior of today's smartphone users. Smart devices have evolved from smartphone to smart pad and smart TV, but there are still not many studies on variables such as knowledge about the parent product and the ability to use it. With this, I decided to study how the motivation and the ability of using smartphones affected the smartphone user's intention to use smartpads. This study presents the usage behavior of smartphone users and proves that the ability to use a parent product (smartphone) affects the user's intention to use an extension product (smartpad). The research results showed that the smartphone usage ability affected both variety of use and rate of use. The convenience and passing time factors affected variety of use; and the social interaction, entertainment and passing time factors affected rate of use. As for the intention to use smartpads, the smartphone usage ability and variety of use positively affected the smartphone user's intention to use smartpads. This study showed that the more the user used a smartphone to pass time and for convenience, the more effectively the user could use various functions. It proves that the variety of use of smartphone is highly related to the acceptance of smartpads. This study also proves that usage ability is an important factor in using innovative products, such as smart devices.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.72-81
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• 2021

Background: In the literature, there have been debates as to whether smartphone use has negative effects on physical and mental health. The present study investigated the extent to which smartphone addiction impacts on musculoskeletal pain prevalence among university students. Methods: The questionnaire consisted of three sections: demographic information, the Smartphone Addiction Scale (SAS), and the modified Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire. Results: A total of 249 participants were included in this cross-sectional study. The body parts that were reported with highest prevalence of musculoskeletal pain were the upper back (70.3%), neck (65.9%), and wrists/hands (68.7%). The SAS scores were correlated with duration of smartphone use on a typical day (P = 0.001), duration of owning a smartphone (P = 0.027), and musculoskeletal pain prevalence in the neck (P = 0.001), wrists/hands (P = 0.001), shoulders (P = 0.025), and upper back (P = 0.023). The SAS score was significantly associated with prevalence of musculoskeletal pain in the neck (odd ratio [OR], 1.08; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.98-1.10; P = 0.002), wrists/hands (OR, 1.07; 95% CI, 0.97-1.09; P = 0.001), and upper back (OR, 1.10; 95% CI, 0.98-1.11; P = 0.033). Conclusions: The findings indicated that the upper back, neck, and wrists/hands have a higher prevalence of musculoskeletal pain among smartphone users, particularly those with a smartphone addiction. Smartphone addiction scores were correlated with duration of smartphone use on a typical day, duration of owning smartphone, and musculoskeletal pain prevalence in the neck, wrists/hands, shoulders, and upper back.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.135-143
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• 2022

Purpose : This study was to compare and analyze major factors related to smartphone addiction according to the gender of health-related college students. Methods : 720 people who voluntarily participated and agreed to fill out the questionnaire were randomly sampled. Smartphone addiction was measured using the Smartphone Addiction Scale Short Version (SAS-SV), sleep quality was measured using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), anxiety symptoms were measured using the self-assessment anxiety scale (SAS), and depression symptoms were measured using the self-assessment depression scale (SDS). In addition, the age of each individual and the main function of smartphone use were also investigated. Results : The prevalence of smartphone addiction was higher among female students than male students (p<.05), while male students mainly played games and female students mainly used multimedia (video/music) viewing and social networking services (p<.05). In addition, male students showed a high association with smartphone addiction in the group where games were the main function of smartphone use, the group with low sleep quality, and the group with anxiety symptoms (p<.05), but for female students, multimedia (video/music) Or, the group in which social networking service is the main function of smartphone use, the group with low sleep quality, and the group with symptoms of anxiety and depression showed a high correlation with smartphone addiction (p<.05). Conclusion : It is expected that the results of this study will be used as basic data for providing customized solutions considering the characteristics of smartphone addicts.