• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.14-24
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• 2006

자연정화공법에 의한 농촌 전원 독립가구 하수처리장치의 적정 설치방법을 결정하기 위하여 호기성조와 혐기성조로 구성된 소형 하수처리장치를 설계 및 시공하였다. 소형 하수처리장치에서 여재 깊이에 따른 수처리 효율을 조사한 결과 호기성조와 혐기성조 모두 여재의 깊이가 깊어질수록 수처리 효율이 증가함으로 여재의 깊이를 90 cm이상으로 하는 것이 좋을 것으로 판단된다. 소형 하수처리장치의 최적 깊이인 90 cm하에서 호기성조 대 혐기성조 비율에 따른 수처리 효율을 조사한 결과 모든 여재에서 1 : 2 및 1 : 3의 호기 혐기 비율이 1 : 1에 비해 약간 높은 경향이었다. 따라서 소형 하수처리장치에서의 최적조건은 여재의 깊이는 90 cm이었고, 호기 혐기 비율은 1 : 2의 비율이었으며, 최적 여재는 왕사와 쇄석이었으며, 최적조건하에서 수처리효율은 BOD가 $97{\sim}99%$, COD가 $87{\sim}97%$, SS가 $88{\sim}99%$, T-N이 $57{\sim}68%$ 및 T-P가 $96{\sim}99%$이었다. 따라서 이러한 조건을 자연정화공법을 이용한 하수처리장치에 적용하면 하수처리장치의 부지면적을 최대한 줄이면서 높은 하수처리효율을 유지할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 교육녹색환경연구
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.26-35
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• 2013

The study aims to deduct the factors needed for the judgement on merger and abolition policies and draw out suitable types of these policies through interviews with the people concerned during the process of the merger and abolition of schools in rural communities. Following are the results of the study. For the smaller scaled schools, it was possible to notice the fact that there are positive and negative aspects associated with the curriculums and the sociality of the students. However, collectively considering with the continuous decrease in the number of school aged children along with the development of curriculums, personal characters and sociality of the students, it is better when the schools are properly scaled. Also, it is needed to consider new sets of policies as the number of school aged children is continuously decreasing - the current policy states that there should be one school per village. For the implementation while not losing centripetal points of schools within the communities, the Branch policy(1-2 years based or 1-4 years based) is considered. This implementation is considered to be possible because the Branch schools can be turned into facilities such as nursery schools and preschools which enables communities to sustain the spaces for cultural and welfare needs for their own.

• 한국농촌건축학회논문집
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.111-120
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• 2007

Recently, the small-scale local governments of japan are enlarging and enriching the service of health, medical and welfare facilities for the elderly . Intensive arrangement of the three types of facilities is one of the effective ways especially for the small-scale local governments. The service network between facilities benefits by the intensive arrangement. Benefits include the network of the medical service, the share of care information, the share of space and equipment. It can be a notable feature in the intensive arrangement that the elderly were taken from welfare facilities (especially dayscare center) to hospital of high movement frequency quickly. Instead of EV path as possible, It is desirable to stand close between facilities of high movement frequency. For large area, the heavy snow made low daycare ratio. Therefore, it is desirable to construct a branch office at a long distance.

• 대기
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.169-185
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• 2006

We have investigated the wind speed variations over the leeward region when the strong wind blows. In this study we employ Envi-met numerical model to simulate the effect of surface boundary conditions. This model is applied for three cases which are characterized by land use and terrain height. The base case having natural geographical condition shows the weakest wind speed around lee side of Chunsudae. The others which remove the vegetation and cut off the terrain above 20 m ASL represent the stronger wind speed than base case. The main factor of this result is the surface friction. The distinct variation of wind is found at offshore area between Chunsudae and the southern part of village, but the northern part where is apart from Chunsudae shows a small variation of wind pattern. The weakening of wind speed around residential area is a maximum of 4~10 m/s when the wind blows in the village as strong as 55 m/s. The gust wind speed is weakened about 7~17 m/s in this case if the coefficient of gust wind adapted as 1.75.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.328-335
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• 1984

As the typical farming of the most Asian countries are of small and subsisting scale, the infrastructure is variable depending on the region and more complicated than in the industrialized countries. Except such basic statistics as acreage of farm land, farming population and production, there are no common standard methods to be used for indepth analysis on the farming status, the level of farming techniques, financial status of farming, consciousness of farmers and others. Therefore, it is necessary to develop survey models which can be commonly used to compare with different circumstances. The purpose of this report is to provide examples of survey models which are used to measure farming performances in Korea. Those are (1) Diagnosis and analysis on farming technique, labor utilization and farm income, (2) Management performance analysis, (3) Planning for farming, (4) Survey on the nutritional status of farming, (5) Survey on rural village status and planning regional agricultural development.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.104-111
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• 1991

In Korea, small-scale reclaimed areas have been suffering from many problems because of the lack of comprehensive developing strategy although considerable investments have been inputed by the public sector since 1970's. For 3 reclaimed sites in Chonnam Province choser as case study areas, the analysis, the second attempt of widely-spanned studies on areal conditions, concentrated on their farming and economic conditions. Its results were as follows ; 1. Although farming pattern has been transferred to the full4ime rice cropping type by the creation of reclaimed paddy field, farming size in the areas has not been increased more than that in existing agricultural areas. This means that agricultural planning should be included in the initial stage of reclamation projects, especially with reference to the substantial enlargement of farming size. 2. Block parcelling of severely fragmented holdings in new and old lands should be carried out, which can make farming activities efficient and farming route shortened. In large-scale reclaimed areas, new village planning could be considered in its central zone for efficent farming. 3. Because soil in the areas contains much more salt and water than that in other areas, new design methodology should be introduced for the efficient use of agricultural machines in reclaimed areas. 4. There are deep-seated economic problems in reclaimed area, which have been caused by very poor level and agriculturally dominated structure of household income. These problems should motivate farmers to give up positive action for qualitative and quantitative improvement in farming.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.220-225
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• 2000

A general household survey was carried out in the village of Sonoageng in East Java, Indonesia with the aim to assess their socio-economic status, and the crop and livestock production system prevailing in the area. Of the households interviewed (164), 52% are landless, 35% own land or have a combination of own and shared land, and 12% do not own land but have access to land by sharing. Nearly two thirds (65%) of the households raise cattle; most of them own animals, 8% reared shared animals only. The dominant crop was rice; other crops grown were soya bean, groundnut, maize and sugar cane. Nearly half (47%) the household income was derived from off-farm work (non-agricultural activities), 33% from crops, 13% from livestock (mainly cattle), and 7% from agricultural labour. Most households kept 1 to 2 animals and only 21 out of 164 households earned more than Rp. 500,000 (~250 US$) per annum from livestock. The most prevalent type of livestock production in the area could be characterized as small-scale cow/calf operation, either by landless households or those with <0.4 ha of land.

• 농촌계획
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.39-52
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• 2023

There is a clear need to enhance the attractiveness of rural areas by leveraging their core assets to respond to emerging mega-trends. This paper analyzes the progress of the direct payment program that has been implemented to preserve agricultural landscapes in rural areas, using spatial information data. The study identified the planting characteristics of landscape crops, spatial utilization characteristics of the system, and utilization characteristics of the system by the beneficiaries. According to the analysis, the spatial utilization characteristics of the system could be classified into eight types: tourism resources and nearby agricultural areas, designation across the entire rural area, agricultural areas around villages, large-scale agricultural areas, small-scale agricultural areas, scattered and dispersed areas, independent parcels of land, and ranches. Based on the characteristics and limitations of the landscape preservation direct payment system, this study provides directions for future rural specialized zones. The landscape preservation direct payment system focuses on income support for farmers and providing agricultural benefits in terms of public interest. Meanwhile, the landscape agricultural zone serves as a rural specialized zone, highlighting the need to explore the direction of integrated rural landscape management. It is important for farmers, as the key stakeholders, to preserve the agricultural landscape in rural areas. Forming community-level cooperatives and engaging in relevant activities are crucial for achieving this goal. In order to actively preserve the agricultural landscape, it is necessary to consider the resumption of financial support for village landscape preservation activities, along with the designation of landscape agricultural zones. There is a need to conduct a specific review and explore measures to accommodate the designated landscape complexes at the local government level. The higher the ratio of designated landscape complexes, the more agricultural landscape management based on public value has been carried out. The designation of such landscape complexes can be seen as a demand for voluntary utilization of agricultural landscapes in the region. Moreover, as the ratio of designated landscape complexes increases, it becomes evident that farmers at the village level actively participate in agricultural landscape preservation and contribute to providing public value or utilize it as a tourism resource. This highlights the need for managing agricultural landscapes at the village level within the appropriate context.

• 한국지역지리학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.282-300
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• 2013

본 연구는 최근에 독도의 한일 간 영유권 논쟁이 심화된 것은 1953년부터 한국이 실효적 지배를 하는 독도에 대한 우리 정부의 영유권 행사와 강화에 직결된 독도개발정책 추진의 잘못에서도 그 원인이 있다고 보았다. 이러한 내부적 시각에서 1950년대 이후 2012년 7월 말까지의 정부의 독도개발정책을 성찰적으로 검토해 보고, 그간의 독도 개발정책과 우리 사회에서 제안된 상이한 개발방향에 대한 문제점의 논의를 바탕으로 미래의 바람직한 개발 대안을 모색하고 제안해 보고자 하였다. 역대 정부들은 거의 대부분 독도문제가 한일 간 선린외교관계의 형성과 유지에 걸림돌이 되는 것을 원치 않아 독도 영유권 강화에 필수적인 유인도 개발정책추진에 매우 소극적이었다. 오늘날 독도가 국제사회에서 한국의 독도(Dokdo island)로 인정받지 못하고, 대체로 리앙쿠르 암석(Liancourt rocks)으로 표기되고 있는 것은 우리 정부가 독도를 다수 한국인이 거주(정주)할 수 있는 가치 있는 유인도(island)로 적극적으로 개발하지 않았기 때문이기도 하다. 따라서 본 연구는 UN이 채택하고 있는 지속가능한 개발론 관점에서 독도의 미래 개발 대안으로서, 생태어업, 생태관광 및 동해 연구기능을 가진 소규모의 '독도 생태마을' 조성을 제안하였다. 독도 생태마을 안이 미래에 독도에 대한 우리의 영토주권과 실효적 지배를 강화하기 위한 새로운 독도개발정책의 논의와 수립에 실마리가 되었으면 한다.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제49권2호
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• pp.75-86
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• 2007

This process which has a connection of biofilter and sulfur-limestone has been developed to treat organic substances including BOD, COD and SS etc. and to treat sulfur-limestone is for denitrification.. The whole process consists of chemical reaction tank, sedimentation tank, trickling filter, denitrification tank The trickling filter is equipped with a reactor filled with absorptive filter, and the sulfur denitrification tank is filled with sulfur-limestone mixed media. After setting up practical facilities whose capacity is 60 tons a day, we have observed the removal efficiencies of pollutants through 60 experiments during Summer and Winter seasons. The average concentration of polluted water was BOD for 3.6 mg/L, $COD_{Mn}$ for 11.3 mg/L, SS for 2.8 mg/L, T-N for 8.6 mg/L, and T-P for 0.8 mg/L, and the rate of treatment efficiencies 96.5%, 84.7%, 96.5%, 79.2%, and 80.8%, respectively was found through the experiments. The average treatment efficiency for BOD and $COD_{Mn}$ was 85.0% and 55.7%, respectively and the average removal efficiency for NH4+-N was 84.9% in the trickling filter. The removal efficiency in the denitrification tank is as follows; The removal rate of $NO_3^--N$ was as high as 93.2% within the compass of pH 6.3 to 7.3 through $16.8{\sim}37.0mg/L$ flown into $NO_3^--N$ and $0.1{\sim}8.3mg/L$ outflown. It had observed that this process has implemented highly efficient and advanced treatment without external carbon sources and internal recycle during its process. In conclusion, this process is suitable for a sewerage in a small village due to the merits of low power consumption and easy maintenance.