• 한국농촌건축학회논문집
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.13-24
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• 2000

This study aims at revealing important utilization planning by surveying and analyzing unused classrooms in primary school's facilities. That is various and positive utilization planning of unused classrooms in order to cope with the changes of educational environment focused on high and multi-functionization, rather qualitative aspect than quantitative. By field-survey and interview, physical and environmental factors such as, the change procedure of students, unused facilities in schools and improvement affairs and purpose stressed by schools were surveyed. Additionally, the way of educational facilities to future society linked with residents was examined by surveying about the relationship between educational facilities and regional communities. The curriculums and "School facilities standard ordinance" have been revised in part by several times individually and couldn't meet with educational facilities, educational and social change positively. In rural area, to apply the standard of the capacity by a class with 40 students like city is not desirable. To make educational environment better qualitatively, the capacity should be reduced by 30 students and the unit square per a student enlarged by $2.4m^2$. By room unit module "school institution and managerial regulations under high school" should be applied distinctively to break down like 6, 7~12, 13~24 and over 25 classes. So re-institution of the capacity by a class and the standard unit of the number of class by scale is needed.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제75권1호
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• pp.49-57
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• 2020

This paper presents a full-scale experimental test to investigate the flexural behavior of an innovative dovetail ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) joint designed for the 5^th Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge. The test specimen had a dimension of 3600 × 1600 × 170 mm, in accordance with the real bridge. The failure mode, crack pattern and structural response were presented. The ductility and stiffness degradation of the tested specimens were explicitly discussed. Test results indicated that different from conventional reinforced concrete slabs, well-distributed cracks with small spacing were observed for UHPC joint slabs at failure. The average nominal flexural cracking strength of the test specimens was 7.7 MPa, signifying good crack resistance of the proposed dovetail UHPC joint. It is recommended that high grade reinforcement be cooperatively used to take full advantage of the superior mechanical property of UHPC. A new ductility index, expressed by dividing the ultimate deflection by flexural cracking deflection, was introduced to evaluate the post-cracking ductility capacity. Finally, a strut-and-tie (STM) model was developed to predict the ultimate strength of the proposed UHPC joint.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.190-194
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• 2019

Background: The duration of immobilization after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair and the optimal time to commence rehabilitation are still the subject of ongoing debates. This study was undertaken to evaluate the functional outcome and rotator cuff healing status after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair by comparing early and delayed rehabilitation. Methods: Totally, 76 patients with small, medium, and large sized rotator cuff tears underwent arthroscopic repair using the suturebridge technique. In early rehabilitation group, 38 patients commenced passive range of motion at postoperative day 2 whereas 38 patients assigned to the delayed rehabilitation group commenced passive range of motion at postoperative week 3. At the end of the study period, clinical and functional evaluations (Constant score, the University of California, Los Angeles [UCLA] shoulder score) were carried out, subsequent to measuring the range of motion, visual analogue scale for pain, and isokinetic dynamometer test. Rotator cuff healing was confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging at least 6 months after surgery. Results: No significant difference was obtained in range of motion and visual analogue scale between both groups. Functional outcomes showed similar improvements in the Constant score (early: 67.0-88.0; delayed: 66.9-91.0; p<0.001) and the UCLA shoulder score (early: 20.3-32.3; delayed: 20.4-32.4; p<0.001). Furthermore, rotator cuff healing showed no significant differences between the groups (range, 6-15 months; average, 10.4 months). Conclusions: Delayed passive rehabilitation does not bring about superior outcomes. Therefore, early rehabilitation would be useful to help patients resume their daily lives.

• 천문학회보
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.78.1-78.1
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• 2019

There are a huge number of faint objects that have not been observed due to the lack of large and deep surveys. In this study, we demonstrate that a deep learning approach can produce a better quality deep image from a single pass imaging so that could be an alternative of conventional image stacking technique or the expensive large and deep surveys. Using data from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) stripe 82 which provide repeatedly scanned imaging data, a training data set is constructed: g-, r-, and i-band images of single pass data as an input and r-band co-added image as a target. Out of 151 SDSS fields that have been repeatedly scanned 34 times, 120 fields were used for training and 31 fields for validation. The size of a frame selected for the training is 1k by 1k pixel scale. To avoid possible problems caused by the small number of training sets, frames are randomly selected within that field each iteration of training. Every 5000 iterations of training, the performance were evaluated with RMSE, peak signal-to-noise ratio which is given on logarithmic scale, structural symmetry index (SSIM) and difference in SSIM. We continued the training until a GAN model with the best performance is found. We apply the best GAN-model to NGC0941 located in SDSS stripe 82. By comparing the radial surface brightness and photometry error of images, we found the possibility that this technique could generate a deep image with statistics close to the stacked image from a single-pass image.

• 동력기계공학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.50-56
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• 2016

This paper handled an investigation on the turbulent flow characteristics of three-dimensional small-size axial fan(SSAF) according to operating loads. Also, it was carried out by unsteady-state, incompressible and three-dimensional large eddy simulation(LES). The downstream flow type of SSAF is changed from axial flow to radial flow around the beginning of stall region at the aerodynamic performance curve. Axial mean velocity component largely grows around blade tip at the operating point of A to D, but transverse and vertical mean velocity components as well as Reynolds shear stresses highly develop around blade tip at the operating point of E to H. On the other hand, the peak value of turbulent kinetic energy developed around blade tip shows the highest at the operating point of E.

• 동력기계공학회지
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.19-25
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• 2015

The unsteady-state, incompressible and three-dimensional large eddy simulation(LES) was carried out to analyze the aerodynamic performance of three-dimensional small-size axial fan(SSAF) with the different depth of bellmouth. The static pressure coefficients analyzed by LES predict a little bit larger than measurements except stall region regardless of the installation depth between SSAF and bellmouth. Moreover, static pressure efficiencies analyzed by LES show about maximum 30% at the actual operating point ranges, but measurements do not. Therefore, if the blades of conventional SSAF have some more rigidity and complete dynamic balance, the aerodynamic performance of SSAF will be some more improved. In consequence, LES shows the best prediction performance in comparison with any other Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes(RANS) method.

• 동력기계공학회지
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.28-35
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• 2018

The large-eddy simulation (LES) was carried out to evaluate the instantaneous vector and vorticity profiles of a small-size axial fan (SSAF) at the operating point of full-flowrate. The downstream flow of the SSAF exhibits a shorter axial flow when not fully developed, especially the stronger vortex appears at the edge near the flow end. On the other hand, the downstream flow of the SSAF exhibits a longer axial flow, and the weaker vortex appears at the edge near the flow end when the flow is sufficiently developed. Moreover, in the downstream of the SSAF, a periodic and intermittent flow pattern appears at the edge showing the axial flow, and the instantaneous vorticity contour lines showing the form of a circle group are distributed at specific intervals from the downstream region of the blade tip, which is considered to be the result of the intermittency phenomenon influenced by the number of blades and the number of revolutions.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제102권3호
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• pp.398-406
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• 2013

신규조림/재조림 CDM은 교토의정서에서 인정하는 온실가스 흡수원 활동이다. 본 연구에서는 강원도 고성군 간성읍 흘리 지역에서 시행되고 있는 소규모 신규조림/재조림 CDM 시범사업을 대상으로 온실가스 감축량을 산정하였다. 적용된 방법론은 AR-AMS0001이며, 조림수종은 잣나무, 낙엽송, 자작나무 등이고 조림 면적은 총 75.0 ha이다. 베이스라인 시나리오 및 탄소 저장고 선택, 대상지 구획화 등을 실시하고 이를 바탕으로 실질 순 온실가스 감축량, 베이스라인 순 온실가스 감축량, 누출량 산정 등의 과정을 거쳐 순 인위적 온실가스 감축량을 산정하였다. 연구 결과 조림 후 20년간 발생하는 온실가스 감축량은 12,415 ton $CO_2-e$이며 ha당 165.5 ton $CO_2-e/ha$로 나타났다. 본 시범사업은 국내에서 시행된 최초의 신규조림/재조림 CDM이며, 온실가스 감축량 산정에서 대상지 실정을 반영한 국가 고유 자료를 사용함으로써 산정 결과의 정확성을 향상시켰다는 점에서 의미가 있다.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.44-56
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• 1993

본 연구는 강원도(江原道) 도유림(道有林)과 태백시(太白市) 시유림(市有林)의 경영상태(經營賞態)와 문제점을 파악하고 그에 대한 개선 방안을 제시하는데 있으며 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 강원도(江原道) 도유림(道有林)은 25,896ha, 태백시(太白市) 공유림(公有林)은 550ha였으며, 태백시(太白市) 공유림(公有林) 중 도유림(道有林)은 470ha, 태백시(太白市) 사유림(私有林)은 80ha로서 그의 관리는 태백시(太白市)에서 담당하고 있다. 2. 태백시(太白市) 공유림(公有林) 550ha를 현지 조사한 결과 창죽동 산 1-2번지의 443ha를 제외하고 나머지 107ha는 32개 지역으로 소규모(小規模)로 분산(分散)되어 있었다. 3. 창죽동 산 1-2번지에 소재하고 있는 산림의 경우 석탄공사에서 대부를 받아 석탄을 채취하고 있으며, 나머지 공유림(公有林)은 소규모(小規模)로 분산(分散)되어 있어 산림경영(山林經營) 생산기반(生産基盤)이 취약하고 경영관리(經營管理) 상태는 매우 열악한 것으로 나타났다. 이와같은 점을 고려해 볼 때 태백시(太白市) 공유림(公有林)의 합리적(合理的)인 경영(經營)을 위해서는, 첫째, 소규모(小規模)로 분산(分散)되어 있는 공유림(公有林)을 단지화(團地化) 할 필요가 있고, 둘째, 체계적(體系的)인 경영(經營) 계획(計劃)을 수립하여 지속적인 목재생산(木材生産)이 가능하도록 유도하여야 하며, 셋째, 자연휴양림(自然休養林) 조성(造成)을 고려한 합리적(合理的) 산지이용(山地利用) 체계(體系)를 강구하여야 할 것이다.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제28권8호
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• pp.175-186
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• 2023

본 연구는 단계적 일상회복 이후 상권 회복세와 함께 임대료가 급상승한 시점에 주목하여 젠트리피케이션 분석 모형을 구축하고 그 특징을 살펴보는 것이 목적이다. 최근 국내에서는 팬데믹 이후 거리두기의 영향으로 대규모 상권보다는 소규모 상권이 형성되었다. 바로 핫플레이스라고 알려진 골목상권이다. 핫플레이스는 다양한 미디어와 사회관계망서비스를 통해 집객효과를 누리며 인기를 끌고 있다. 그에 따라 유동인구가 증가하면서 상권이 활성화 되고 임대료가 급상승하는 현상이 발생하고 있다. 하지만 소상공인의 경우 임대료 급상승은 매출 증가로도 감당하지 못해 해당 지역을 이탈하는 젠트리피케이션 현상으로 이어질 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 상권이 다시 활성화되면서 임대료가 급상승하는 시점을 찾아 그 이전과 이후를 분석하고자 한다. 먼저 젠트리피케이션에 관련하여 언급되는 토픽을 탐색하기 위해 텍스트 데이터를 수집한 후 LDA 토픽 모델링을 실시한다. 이를 참고하여 상권 단위로 데이터를 수집하고 젠트리피케이션 분석 모형을 구축한 다음 특징을 분석한다. 팬데믹으로 상권이 침체된 이후 재활성화 되고 있는 시점에 본 모형을 통한 젠트리피케이션 분석이 소상공인 정책에 기여할 수 있기를 바란다.