• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제53권1호
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• pp.52-55
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• 2002

A extrapulmonary small cell carcinoma is a very rare disease, and a primary pleural manifestation is extremely rare. A diagnosis of a small cell carcinoma should be based on the cell morphology, histological pattern, and an immunohistochemical study. We recently experienced a case of small cell carcinoma (SCC) of the pleura in a 59-year-old man who had suffered from right pleuritic chest pain. A histopathological confirmation of SCC was made by a video-associated thoracoscopic lung biopsy. Systemic chemotherapy with etoposide and cisplatin was initiated.

• 전력전자학회논문지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.134-141
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• 2010

소형 PEM (Proton Exchange Membrane) 연료전지 시스템은 가습이 필요치 않아 상용화의 가능성이 크지만 그 제어 방법은 뚜렷하게 정립되어 있지 않다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 소형 PEM 연료전지 시스템의 제어를 위해 이중 루프 구조의 제어방식을 정립하고 DSP (Digital Signal Processor)를 이용하여 구현한다. 일반적으로 연료전지 시스템에서 제어의 핵심 요소는 크게 공기와 수소의 공급, 스택 내부의 수분 관리, 스택의 온도 관리로 나뉜다. 별도의 가습이 없이 공랭식으로 구동되는 소형 PEM 연료전지 스택의 제어에 있어서 팬은 스택의 공기 공급과 열관리 및 수분관리를 위한 핵심적인 역할을 하며, 퍼지밸브는 스택 내부의 잉여수분을 배출한다. 제안된 방식은 이중 제어루프를 이용한 팬의 제어를 통해 팬의 과도응답을 빠르게 하여 공기의 공급 속도를 개선시키며, 연료전지 스택의 전압변화를 피드백 하여 보상해줌으로써 연료전지가 부하변동에 대해 신속한 응답 특성을 갖도록 하였다. 제안된 방법의 유용함은 60W급 소형 PEM 연료전지 시스템의 실험과 이를 이용한 노트북 컴퓨터의 구동을 통해 검증된다.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제12권10호
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• pp.4703-4723
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• 2018

In recent years, dense small cell network has been deployed to address the challenge that has resulted from the unprecendented growth of mobile data traffic and users. It has proven to be a cost efficeient solution to offload traffic from macro-cells. Software defined heterogeneous wireless network can decouple the control plane from the data plane. The control signal goes through the macro-cell while the data traffic can be offloaded by small cells. In this paper, we propose a framework for cell virtualization and user association in order to satisfy versatile requirements of multiple tenants. In the proposed framework, we propose an interference graph partioning based virtual-cell association and customized physical-cell association for multi-homed users in a software defined small cell network. The proposed user association scheme includes 3 steps: initialization, virtual-cell association and physical-cell association. Simulation results show that the proposed virtual-cell association outperforms the other schemes. For physical-cell association, the results on resource utilization and user fairness are examined for mobile users and infrastructure providers.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제39C권10호
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• pp.937-945
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• 2014

LTE/LTE-adv. 서비스 도입에 따라 높은 데이터 전송률을 요하는 다양한 서비스들이 제공되면서 모바일 트래픽은 더욱 가파르게 증가하고 있다. 이러한 트래픽 수요의 폭발적인 증가에 대응하기 위한 새로운 주요 기술로 소형셀 기술이 각광받고 있다. 소형셀 기술은 셀 반경을 현격히 줄여서 소형 기지국의 수를 증가시킴으로써 수용 가능한 트래픽 양을 늘릴 수 있다. 본 논문은 동종네트워크의 outdoor 환경에서 소형셀 도입에 따른 셀 치밀화(cell densification) 효과에 대해 셀 분할 효과와 단위 면적당 UE 수를 별도로 고려하여 SINR(Signal to Interference-Noise Ratio)과 UE(User Equipment)당 평균 수율 변화를 분석하였다. 또한 셀이 소형화되면 셀 간 간격이 좁아지면서 인접셀 간 간섭이 심화되어 SINR이 열화되기 때문에 본 논문은 간섭 제어가 적절하게 이루어졌을 때의 SINR 이득을 보임으로써 소형셀 환경에서의 간섭 제거 기법의 효과를 검증하였다.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.25-31
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• 2013

Electrospun nanofibers are being widely used as a substratum for mammalian cell culture owing to their structural similarity to collagen fibers found in extracellular matrices of mammalian cells and tissues. Especially, development of diverse synthetic polymers has expanded use of electrospun nanofibers for constructing cell culture substrata. Synthetic polymers have several benefits comparing to natural polymer for their structural consistency, low cost, and capability for blending with other polymers or small molecules to enhance their structural integrity or add biological functions. PMGI (polymethylglutarimide) is one of the synthetic polymers that produced a rigid nanofiber that enables incorporation of small molecules, peptides, and gold nanoparticles through co-electrospinning process, during which the materials are fixed without any chemical modifications in the PMGI nanofibers by maintaining their activities. Using the phenomenon of PMGI nanofiber, here I introduce a construction method of a nanofiber substratum having cell-affinity function towards a pluripotent stem cell by incorporating a small molecule in the PMGI nanofiber.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.1481-1500
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• 2016

Device-to-Device (D2D) communication underlaying macro-small cell networks, as one of the promising technologies in the era of 5G, is able to improve spectral efficiency and increase system capacity. In this paper, we model the cross- and co-tier D2D communications in two-tier macro-small cell networks. To avoid the complicated interference for cross-tier D2D, we propose a mode selection scheme with a dedicated resource sharing strategy. For co-tier D2D, we formulate a joint optimization problem of power control and resource reuse with the aim of maximizing the overall outage capacity. To solve this non-convex optimization problem, we devise a heuristic algorithm to obtain a suboptimal solution and reduce the computational complexity. System-level simulations demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method, which can provide enhanced system performance and guarantee the quality-of-service (QoS) of all devices in two-tier macro-small cell networks. In addition, our study reveals the high potential of introducing cross- and co-tier D2D in small cell networks: i) cross-tier D2D obtains better performance at low and medium small cell densities than co-tier D2D, and ii) co-tier D2D achieves a steady performance improvement with the increase of small cell density.

• 대한세포병리학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.168-172
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• 2008

T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia (T-PLL) is a rare, mature T-cell lymphoproliferative disorder with a post-thymic mature T-cell phenotype. The disease is characterized by rapidly rising lymphocytosis, lym-phadenopathy, and splenomegaly. The clinical course is usually aggressive and progresses with frequent skin lesions and serous effusions. In 25% of cases, leukemic cells are small and tumor cells may not have a discrete nucleolus under light microscopy. Although the presence of characteristic cytoplasmic protrusions or blebs in tumor cells is a common morphologic finding in the peripheral blood film irrespective of the nuclear features, small cell variants lacking the typical nuclear features can cause diagnostic problems in clinical cytology. Furthermore, the small leukemic cells can share some cytologic findings with lymphocyte-rich serous effusions caused by non-neoplastic reactive lymphocytosis as well as other small lymphocytic lymphoproliferative disorders. Here, we describe the cytological findings of ascitic fluid complicated by small cell variant T-PLL in a 54-year-old man, the cytology of which was initially interpreted as small lymphocytic malignancy such as small lymphocytic lymphoma/chronic lymphocytic leukemia.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제39A권11호
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• pp.675-681
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• 2014

최근 무선트래픽 수요가 폭발적으로 증가하면서 셀룰라 무선망에서 이를 효율적으로 지원하기 위한 스몰셀 연구가 활발히 수행중이다. 본 논문은 랜덤 엑세스 스몰셀 무선망에서의 간섭제어 기법에 대해 연구하였다. 기존 랜덤 엑세스 망의 경우 셀내의 사용자간 간섭제어에만 초점이 맞춰져 있지만, 스몰셀 환경에서는 셀간의 간섭이 램덤 엑세스 망의 성능을 열화시키는 주요 요인이다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위하여 랜덤 엑세스의 확률 특성을 반영한 실시간 기회적 간섭정렬 기법을 제안하였다. 제안기법을 통하여 기존기법 대비 셀수가 증가할수록 또한 셀내의 사용자수가 증가할수록 전송율이 획기적으로 향상됨을 모의실험을 통해 확인하였다.

• 대한두경부종양학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.22-26
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• 2015

Small cell carcinoma of larynx has been reported as a rare disease occurring in 0.5% of larynx cancer. This tumor is known as one of the most lethal of all malignancies and associated with early recurrence and distant metastasis, leading into death. We experienced a case of a 70-year old male patient, who had admitted for sore throat and dysphagia and diagnosed as small cell carcinoma of larynx. We present small cell carcinoma of larynx with a brief review of literature.

• 대한세포병리학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.120-125
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• 2006

Distinguishing small cell carcinoma from other lung malignancies is of great clinico-therapeutic significance. Small cell carcinoma is an aggressive tumor with a tendency to metastasize early. Survival time if untreated is low but this tumor is highly responsive to chemotherapy. We have occasionally experienced difficulties in differentiation between adenocarcinoma and small cell carcinoma of the lung in fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC). The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility of distinguishing small cell carcinoma from adenocarcinoma of the lung in FNAC. We evaluated cytomorphological features of FNAC specimens from 62 small cell carcinomas and 57 adenocarcinomas from the lung that were confirmed by biopsy and/or immunohistochemistry on cell block. Cytomorphological details of the two tumors were compared. Nuclear smearing and nearly absent cytoplasm were the most distinct findings in small cell carcinoma compared to adenocarcinoma (p<0.05). Necrotic background, architecture and chromatin pattern, nuclear molding and nucleoli were significantly different (p<0.05). Nuclear size, nuclear membrane nature and nuclear size variation however were not helpful in distinguishing the two tumors. Combining several features described above, small cell carcinoma can be properly differentiated from adenocarcinoma on FNAC. FNAC is proposed as a diagnostic tool of small cell carcinoma of the lung in the case of inaccessibility to biopsy, and so may allow the proper therapeutic strategies to be determined in such cases