• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.637-651
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to investigate salinity and sodium content in foods served at industry foodservice operations in selected workplaces in Daegu. The researcher collected 1,142 food items categorized into 22 menu item groups from lunch samples served at 100 industry foodservice operations and measured the salinity of the food items, and calculated sodium and salt contents from the salinity. In terms of salt content of one meal at each workplace, 46% of the meals were 3-<5 g, and only 3.0% of them were 1.7 g or less, which is one third of the daily target intake (5 g) presented by the Dietary Reference Intakes for Koreans. In terms of sodium content, 35.3% of the meals were 1,000-< 1,500 mg (most), and only 2.5% of them were 667 mg or less, which is, again, one third of the daily target intake. As to the salinity of each menu item group, side dishes such as sauces, kimchi, seasoned vegetables, hardboiled foods, and stir-fried foods were significantly higher, but the sodium content was not higher, because their quantity per serving was small. The salinity of foods with liquid such as stews, noodles, soups, and broths was relatively lower, but the sodium content was higher, because their quantity per serving was large. This indicates that an education program should be developed for foodservice workers who prepare food for the workplace regarding the development and promotion of various menus for reducing sodium content, in order to reduce sodium content in meals served by food service in the workplace.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.362-372
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• 2016

Purpose: This study intended to grasp real context of Cardiovascular disease (CVD)-related factors of Korean blue-collar workers, especially CVD-related knowledge, perception, beliefs, benefits and barriers of behaviors according to the health belief model. Methods: We interviewed twenty two workers working in two small-sized companies and performed two series of focus group interviews. Data were analyzed by deductive content analysis approach based on Elo & $Kyng{\ddot{a}}s$. Results: Excepting participants who have CVD risk factors, most participants had lower level of CVD risk perception. The level of CVD knowledge was low but there was difference by gender. CVD-related beliefs were 'fatal disease', 'caused by lifestyle' and 'difficult to prevent by themselves'. The risk reduction behaviors were motivated by current or family history of hypertension. But there were barriers to interfere practice of preventive behaviors such as poor quality of food provided by cafeteria in the workplace, frequent overtime, victim mentality as one of vulnerable social group, housework and financial burden, lack of facilities for rest and physical activity in the workplace. Conclusion: To develop intervention for reducing CVD risks in Korean blue-collar workers, we need to focus on improving CVD knowledge and perception and modifying work-related environments such as low quality of food and lack of facilities for rest and physical activity in the workplace.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Rural Health Nursing
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.57-71
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• 2023

Purpose: This study aims to provide primary data for policy alternatives by identifying the problem of the nursing workforce shortage. Methods: For quantitative data, 446 questionnaires were analyzed. The mean and standard deviation were used for content description. ANOVA analysis and Scheffe? test were used to compare the differences according to the hospital level. For qualitative data, 1:1 in-depth and group interviews were conducted for six participants. Results: The factors nurses prioritized when choosing a workplace were salary, commuting distance, and work-life balance. Clinical nurses cited low wages, heavy workloads, and burnout as the most considerable difficulties in performing their duties. Factors influencing nurse's turnover intention were low wages, unmanageable workload, and rotation to unwanted departments in that order. New nurses tend not to apply to small-medium-sized hospitals, experienced nurses in their 30s-40s leave hospitals due to childcare and shift work difficulties, and nurses in their 50s and older tend to move to nursing homes rather than acute hospital settings. Conclusion: In this study, wage and workload were mentioned as the most critical factors in nurses' workplace selection, job performance difficulties, and turnover intention, so it is necessary to pay attention to this aspect when improving treatment for nurses.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.41-47
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• 2014

Purpose - This paper investigates whether one's occupation influences one's attitude toward people with HIV/AIDS and suggests ways to counter HIV-related stigma in different work settings. Two samples comprising workers in different environments and occupations with contrasting personalities were chosen. Thus, security guards (authoritarian types) and catering workers (social types) were included. Research design, data, and methodology - The sample comprised246 service staff from the Rhodes University Catering Division and the Hi-Tec Security company, both in Grahamstown, South Africa, a small Eastern Cape province town. All employees at these organizations during the survey were eligible to participate. Results -The security sample displays significantly higher personal stigma scores than the catering sample, according to the Visser personal stigma scale (mean scores of 4.01 and 1.37, respectively; t=10.30, df=244, p=0.00). Similar results were found using Visser subscales. Conclusions - This study shows that occupation is a strong predictor of HIV-related stigma in the workplace, suggesting that workplace settings, by attracting particular personalities and influencing workers, may shape attitudes towards those who are HIV positive.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.1-15
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• 2005

Recently in Korean Society, risk and safety has become a central discourse in not only the social and natural science but also political decision making. The efficient organizational management contributes to controlling the risk factors in the workplace. For the management is influenced and improved by the organizational culture, the alternatives more than simply improving the work environment or enforcing the education of safety on each workers are required. This study was the status of safety culture in organizational members(managers and workers, and specialist) including the attitude on the safety atmosphere and risk perception, and experiences, knowledges, motivation etc. For this part, the method of questionnaire and statistical analysis are mobilized. The degree of safety commitment of organization members appears relatively high (3.97 in five scale estimation), but there are variations in this results according to socio-demographic characteristics. At the same time, managers and professionals actively participation in the program related to safety than workers in production/sales. The higher income level and career is the more attention to the safety is. Based on this survey, we make an rough suggestion of several tasks to the policy -makers: improvement of communication on the risk and safety is required and in particular, the workers in the relatively low level in production/sales. The education system about safety which is, with one-side, provided by government or managers turns out to be inefficient. Rather, small group performance of the organizational members which they participate in the communication with interaction in the various discourse are able to provoke the safety mood in workplace.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.93-103
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• 2011

Purpose: This study was conducted to assess reported industrial accidents and non-reported industrial accidents that took place in 63 small and medium sized manufacturing industries located in Daegu and Gyeongsangbuk-do in the year of 2009. Methods: During the period from January to December 2009, the number of industrial accidents that happened each month was examined according to the characteristics of industry, industrial accidents, workers with industrial accidents, treatment, as well as causes and treatment of the non-reported. Results: The total incidence rate of industrial accidents was 3.48%, of which only 0.31% reported. The incidence rate in packing and distribution among manufacturing workplace, and in the industry with 50~99 employees, was higher than the other groups. Of the non-reported, over 80% in required under 10 days of medical treatment, and 56% in required cost of less than 100,000 won. Kappa values were 0.771 concurrence in opinions for causes of non-reported, and 0.571 concurrence in opinions for management termination of non-reported between the employees and employer. Conclusion: It is suggested that more supportive policy and precise, nationwide survey on the actual state of industrial accidents, including non-reported cases, be implemented to efficiently manage industrial accidents.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.65-74
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to predict industrial accident rate using time series analysis. Methods: The rates of industrial accident and occupational injury death were analyzed using industrial accident statistics analysis system of the Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency from 2001 to 2014. Time series analysis was done using the most recent data, such as raw materials of Economically Active Population Survey, Economic Statistics System of the Bank of Korea, and e-National indicators. The best-fit model with time series analysis to predict occupational injury was developed by identifying predictors when the value of Akaike Information Criteria was the lowest point. Variables into the model were selected through a series of expertises' consultations and literature review, which consisted of socioeconomic structure, labor force structure, working conditions, and occupational accidents. Results: Indexes at the meso- and macro-levels predicting well occurrence of occupational accidents and occupational injury death were labor force participation rate for ages 45-49 and budget for small scaled workplace support. The rates of industrial accident and occupational injury death are expected to decline. Conclusion: For reducing industrial accident continuously, we call for safe employment policy of economically active middle aged adults and support for improving safety work environment of small sized workplace.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.227-235
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• 2011

The objective of this study was to analyze 157 processes of 145 industries that exceeded Korean Occupational Exposure Limits (KOEL) for carcinogen during the 11 year period from 1999 to 2009. The data included number of industry and workers exposed, type of carcinogen and their exceeded ratio, type and size of industry in each year. These data were collected by 46 regional employment & labor offices in Korea using work environment monitoring reports. The result showed that, in each year, about 10 industries exceed their carcinogen exposure limit. The most common carcinogen exceeding KOEL were found to be formaldehyde, benzene, ethylene oxide and chromium VI. The carcinogen with the highest level of over-exposure were in the order of formaldehyde, benzene, ethylene oxide and asbestos. Fabricated metal product manufacturing industry were found to be most vulnerable against carcinogen with 11.1% of them exceeding carcinogen KOEL followed by electronic components manufacturing industry (8.3%), chemical products manufacturing industry (6.3%), and electrical equipments manufacturing industry (4.9%). The industry employing less than 50 workers had the highest percentage of exceeding carcinogen KOEL with 52.8%. The result also showed that strengthening KOEL for benzene and asbestos helped reduce the level of carcinogen over-exposure. Based on these results, strengthening the KOEL or new regulation turned out to help reduce the carcinogen over-exposure level. Benzene, ethylene oxide and chromium VI were the most frequently over-exposed carcinogen with the highest level. Therefore, these chemicals need to be regulated with a highest priority to improve the workplace environment. The results also show that the small-sized industries employing less than 50 workers was the most vulnerable against carcinogen exposures. Therefore, more government support are needed for these small-sized industries to help them to improve their workplace environment.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.125-133
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• 2000

Objectives : This study uses meta-analysis methodology to examine the statistical consistency and importance of random variation among results of epidemiologic studies of occupational electromagnetic field exposure and leukemia. Methods : Studies for this meta-analysis were identified from previous reviews and by asking researcher active in this field for recommendations. Overall, 27 studies of occupational electromagnetic field exposures and leukemia were reviewed. A variety of meta-analysis statistical methods have been used to assess combined effects, to identify heterogeneity, and to provide a single summary risk estimate based on a set of simiar epidemiologic studies. In this study, classification of exposure metircs on occupational epidemiologic studies are reported for (1) job classification (20 individual studies); (2) leukemia subtypes (13 individual studies); and (3) country (27 individual studies). Results : Results of this study, an inverse-variance weighted pooling of all the data leads to a small but significant elevation in risk of f 1% (OR=1.11, 95% CI : $1.06\sim1.16$) among 27 occupational epidemiologic studies. Publication bias was assessed by the 'fail-safe n' that may be not influence for all combined results exception a few categories, ie, 'power station operators' and 'electric utility workers' by job classification on occupational study. And ail combined odds ratio results were similar for fixed-effects models and random-effects models, with slightly higher risk estimates for the random-effects model in situations where there was significant heterogeneity, ie, Q-statistic significant (p<.05). Conclusions : We found a small elevation in risk of leukemia, but the ubiquitous nature of exposure to electromagnetic fields from workplace makes even a weak association a public health issue of substantial power to influence the present overall conclusion about relationship between electromagnetic fields exposure and leukemia.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.78 no.4
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• pp.445-449
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• 2015

Occupational lung diseases are caused by several toxic substances including heavy metals; however, the exact pathologic mechanisms remain unknown. In the workplace, dental technicians are often exposed to heavy metals such as cobalt, nickel, or beryllium and occasionally develop occupational lung diseases. We described a case of occupational lung disease in a patient who was employed as a dental technician for over a decade. A 31-year-old, non-smoking woman presented with productive cough and shortness of breath of several weeks duration. Chest computed tomography revealed a large number of scattered, bilateral small pulmonary nodules throughout the lung field, and multiple mediastinal lymph nodes enlargement. Percutaneous needle biopsy showed multifocal small granulomas with foreign body type giant cells suggestive of heavy metals inhalation. The patient's condition improved on simple avoidance strategy for several months. This case highlighted the importance of proper workplace safety.