• 간호행정학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.65-78
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• 1995

This is a quasi-experimental research to test the effect of using a nursing care scale. This study identified the effects of using a nursing care scale influencing on the nursing performance and job satisfaction. The subjects consisted of 63 staff nurses in 8 medical and surgical units of one hospital affiliated to university hospital in Seoul, and assigned to experimental and control group conveniently. The data were collected in September and December, 1992. The evaluation of the nursing performance were measured by the instrument from a nursing care scale of one univerrsity hospital and job satisfaction was measured by Stamp's Scale (1978). The data were analyzed by percentage distribution, 2-test, Mann-Whitney U Wilcoxon Rank Sum W test, ANCOVA and T-test. The summarized results were as follows : 1. The nursing performance of the experimental group showed markedly increase about 13 areas of nursing care. However no significant difference in the nursing performance between the two groups was found. 2. There was a significant difference in the nursing performance between the experimental and the control group about 7 areas of nursing records(W=22.0, P<.05). 3. After using a nursing scale, there was a significant difference in the nursing performance about nursing care and nursing records between the experimental and the control group(W=25.0, P<.05). Comparing before using a nursing scale with after, there was no significant difference in the nursing performance between two groups. 4. There was no significant difference in job satisfaction between the experimental and the control group. The main reasons for there being no defference in two groups could be the small size sample and the procedure of intervention. Further comparative study is needed using more strictly controlled procedure of intervention.

• 한국항해학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.23-36
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• 1989

Marine casualities in the high sea are mainly classified into the breakage of hull and capsize , of which the latter occurs frequently to a small craft and container vessels by extreme rolling. The aim of this study is to develop shiphandling techniques for the prevention of ship's large rolling by way of evaluating dangerous degree of rolling in heavy weather. In this study, rolling motion is analized by using statistical method as follow : (1) 8 sample ships is presented for calculation. (2) Analized sea state are Beaufort scale 7 and 10 (wind velocity 30kts and 50kts respectively) and significant wave height is put as 5.2m and 11.2m. (3) The formula recommended by International Towing Tank Conference (ITTC) is used to calculated the wave spectrum. The results of this study are as follow : The results of this study are as follow : (1) Most of the vessels with beam of 20 meters or less was found to be capized in the waves abeam under the sea condition of Bearfort scale7(30kts). (2) For the vessels range 20m to 30m was found safe under the sea conditions of Bearfort scale 7(30kts) and imminent danger under the sea condition of Beaufort scale 11(50kts). (3) It is proved that any vessel could be capsized by heavy rolling regardless of vessel's size whenever the motion is synchronized with waves abeam. This study concludes that the navigator, especially at night , must anticipate the exact wave direction, referring to the wether report and coastaline, not to lay the vessel in the serial wave abeam.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.325-332
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• 2007

Cell-mediated immune response (CMI) is a major immune protective mechanism against tuberculosis (TB) infection. Among several components involved in CMI, recent studies suggest that CD8+ T cells are important in controlling TB infection. In our previous report, we defined four Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) derived epiotpe peptides specific for HLA-A*0201-restricted CD8+ T cells. These four peptides are $PstAl_{75-83}$, $ThyA_{30-38}$, $RpoB_{127-135}$ and $85B_{15-23}$. In this study, these epitope peptides specific CD8+ T cell responses in tuberculous pleurisy were investigated using ex vivo $IFN-\gamma$ elispot assay and intracellular $IFN-\gamma$ staining method. As a result, we observed these epitope peptide specific CD8+ T cell responses are induced in all three patients with tuberculous pleurisy suggesting that CD8+ T cells are involved in protective immune mechanism against MTB infection in tuberculous pleurisy. However, the CMI to mitogens and MTB antigens from pleural fluids of patients with tuberculous pleurisy does not seem to correlate with that from peripheral blood, although the sample size is too small to make any conclusion. In sum, the MHC I restricted CD8+ T cell responses seem to be induced efficiently in the pleural fluids, at the site of TB infection, in which the CMI is actively induced. In addition, these experiments suggest that MHC I restricted CD8+ T cell mediated immune responses are also involved in protective mechanism against MTB infection in extra-pulmonary TB.

• 전력전자학회논문지
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.335-342
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• 2000

단상 능동전력필터에 있어서 비선형 부하전류를 직접 검출하지 않고 능통전력필터의 직류측 커패시터 전압을 이용해 추정하여 제어하는 방법을 제안한다. 이는 부하전류와 능동전택필터의 직류측 커패시터 전압을 봉사에 검출하는 기존의 방식에 비해 부하전류 검출단을 제거할 수 있음으로써 설치가 간편할 뿐만 아니라 가격을 낮출 수 있으면서도 동일한 성능의 능동전력필터의 구현을 가능하게 한다. 또한 직류측 커패시터 전압제어를 위해 샘플-흘드와 비례제어빙식을 사용하므로 기존의 저역통괴필터와 PI 제어시 적분기로 인한 지연을 없앨 수 있어 빠르고 우수한 과도응답특성을 나타낸다. 전원전압과 보상전류, 스위치 상태에 따라 8개의 모드로 나누어 능동전력필터의 동작을 설명하였으며, 제안한 방법의 성능을 실험을 통해 확인하였다.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.62-67
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• 2005

Recently, polymer insulators that are used for high voltage applications have some advantages such as light weight, small size, vandalism resistance, hydrophobicity and easy making process. During outdoor service of polymer insulators, the surface of the insulating material is frequently subjected to moisture and contamination that lead to dry band arcing. Their tracking resistance, erosion resistance, end sealing and shed design are very important because dry band arcing causes degradation of polymer surface. Aging test to estimate life property of polymer insulator is executed through several international standard such as IEC 61109 and CEA tracking wheel test, but is not getting clear conclusion yet. There are two methods in the diagnosis method of polymer insulator such as off-line and on-line. The diagnosis methods in off-line are external condition analysis by the eye, contaminant analysis on surface, surface analysis, pollution withstand voltage test, power frequency flashover voltage test, lightning impulse flashover test, tensile fracture load test and flexural load test. Polymer material is also investigated it's tracking resistance by adding surface active agent in IEC 587. In this paper, the tracking performance of polymer insulator with salt solution which is added surface active agent. The diagnosis of insulator sample has been analyzed by leakage current and visual examination, STRI guide and thermal image camera.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.305-314
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• 2016

The marine medaka, Oryzias dancena is a suitable sample as a laboratory animal because it has a small size and clearly distinguishes between female and male. Data on the growth and maturity of the diploid and triploid sea cucurbit species suitable for laboratory animals are very useful for studying other species. Triploidy was induced in the marine medaka by cold shock treatment ($0^{\circ}C$) of fertilized eggs for 45 min, applied two minutes after fertilization. The diploid and triploid male fish were larger than their female counterparts (P<0.05), and the concentrations of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and thyroxine (T4) were higher in the induced triploids over 1 year (P<0.05). In both the diploid and tri-ploid groups the concentrations of TSH and T4 were higher in the male fish than in the females (P<0.05), while the testo-sterone and estradiol-$17{\beta}$ concentrations in the induced triploids were lower than in the diploids (P<0.05). The gonadosomatic index (GSI) of the triploid fish was lower than that for the diploids, and the GSI for females in each ploidy group were higher than that for the males. For both groups the GSI was highest at 4 months of age, and decreased thereafter to 12 months. Analysis of the gonads of one-year-old triploid fish suggested that the induction of triploidy probably causes sterility in this species; this effect was more apparent in females than in males.

• 응용통계연구
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.431-440
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• 2013

우리는 두꺼운 꼬리를 갖는 분포의 모수를 추정하는 방법론을 연구하였다. 일반적으로 MLE(최대우도 추정량)가 모수추정 방법론중에 가장 많이 사용되는데, 이는 MLE가 점근적 일치성과 정규성 그리고 효율성을 가지고 있기 때문이다. 하지만 MLE가 늘 가장 좋은 추정법은 아니다. 어떤 경우에는 MLE가 존재하지 않을 수도 있고 계산이 안정적이지 않을 수도 있다. 본 논문에서는 비선형 최소제곱추정법을 이용한 모수추정 방법론을 제시하고 그 성능을 MLE와 비교하였다. NLS 추정량은 empirical CDF와 이론적 CDF의 차이의 제곱을 최소화 하는 방법론이다. 본 논문에서는 두꺼운 꼬리를 가지는 다양한 분포하에서 우리가 제안하는 NLS방법론과 MLE와의 성능을 비교하였다. 그 결과, Burr 분포에서 표본의 수가 적을 때 우리의 방법론이 MLE보다 좋은 성능을 보여주었고, Frechet 분포에서도 좋은 결과를 얻을 수 있었다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제25권12호
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• pp.1404-1415
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• 1992

To understand the factors influencing Atrial fibrillation and embolism in mitral valve surgery and prevent their risk, we have reviewed our 324 patients who underwent mitral valve surgery from Fev. 1982 to May 1992. Age, disease duration, lesion type, left ventricular function and left atrial dimension were chosen as preoperative factors influencing the incidence of atrial fibrillation and embolism and their postoperative course, The number and type of replaced valve, site of atriotmy, LA obliteration, ACT and use of Defibrillator were chaser. as operative factors influencing postoperative rhythm change and postop emb-olization. The results of analyses were as follows 1. The incidence of preoperative atrial fibrillation, systemic embolism and LA throbmus was 63. 6%, 10.56% and 19.8% relatively. 2. The preoperative factors of atrial fibrillation onset was old age, prolonged symptom duration, stenotic lesion, lager LAD and lower ejection fraction. In the preoperative systemic embolism preoperative factors were old age, female, stenotic lesion. The left atrial thrombus found more commonly in patients with atrial fibrillation, old age, prolonged symptom duration, stenotic lesion and low ejection fraction. 3. The preoperative atrial fibriation persisted postoperatively in 165[50.9%] and converted to normal sinus rhythm in 50[15.4%]. The preoperative normal sinus rhythm per-eisted in 100[31%] and atrial fibrillation was occured postoperatively in 9[2.7%]. The prolonged symptom duration was the preoperative factor of persist atrial fibrillation. 4. Among 95 long term follow-up patients, atiral fibrillation was continued in 59[60%]. Conversion to normal sinus rhythm was more common significantly in left atriotomy and bileaflet valve replacement. 5. There were 12 patients who had postoperative embolism. Female, persist atrial fibrillation, no LA olbiteration and tilting disc monocusp valve were considered as possible factors influencing postoperative embolism but was impossible to analyse their statistical significance due to small sample size. So we have concluded that the patients with above risk factors need anticoagulant and early surgical intervention. Left atriotomy with minimal atrial injury, left auricular obliteration and bileaflet valve replacement may be needed to reduce postoperative atrial fibrillation persist and embolism.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.40-47
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• 1988

Our plywood manufacturing industries which entertained prosperous stage in late 1970's have come to be in face of the problems of conceedingly obtaining good quality logs and yield up-grading, which is considered by future-replaceable forest resources. In view of this point, manufacturing characteristic on softwood plywood using Japanese larch, pitch pine as domestic plantation species, and western hemlock as foreign species was studied. In this study, veneer- and plywood manufacturing yields were discussed in relation to log properties and veneer defects (knots). The summarized conclusions were as follows: 1. The majority of sample logs belonged to second grade on the standard. And, eccentricity of larch was the highest 11%, about 2 times those of pitch pine, hemlock. 2. Knot frequency of occurrence of larch reached 19% within log height 8m, and pitch pine 13% within 4m. Correspondingly, the log height of larch available for plywood manufacture was higher by about 2 times that of pitch pine. 3. In the knot types, most of knots of larch appeared dead, whereas those of pitch pine and hemlock appeared live. In size of knots, larch and hemlock showed relatively small 1-2cm dia. by 70% or more and pitch pine did the larger 24cm by 65%. Generally the more knot emerged in the inner side of veneer than the outer. 4. Plywood manufacturing yields by peeling with spindle revolution lathe were 37% in larch > 32% in hemlock> 26% in pitch pine. S. Jointed core veneer yields by peeling with outer perimeter back-up lathe were 55% in hemlock> 53% in larch> and 48% in pitch pine.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.455-461
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• 2007

본 연구는 말잘피 군집의 유전적 구조 및 다양성 분석은 잘피 관리를 위해서 시행했다. 거제도, 개도, 제도연안에 서식하는 잘피를 대상으로 RAPD분석에 따른 유전적 다양성이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 거제도는 개도 및 제도와는 100 km 이상 떨어진 지역에 서식하는 잘피의 유전적 거리는 0.16으로 나타난 반면에,개도와 제도의 유전적 거리는 0.08정도로 보이고 있다. 거제도에 서식하는 잘피의 개체내 유전적 유사도는 70% 이상으로 나타났으나, 개도와 제도에 비하면 낮은 유사도를 보이고 있다. 따라서 남해안에 서식하고 있는 잘피의 개체는 지역적 거리에 따라 유전적으로 상이한 집단을 형성하고 있다. 이러한 원인은 시스트 확산 및 유전자 이동률 제한 때문인 것으로 추정된다.