• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• v.55 no.6
• /
• pp.1949-1958
• /
• 2023

The International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) Publication 116 was released to provide a comprehensive dataset of the dose coefficients (DCs) for external exposures produced with the adult reference voxel phantoms of ICRP Publication 110. Although an advanced skeletal dosimetry method for photons and neutrons using fluence-to-dose response functions (DRFs) was introduced in ICRP Publication 116, the ICRP-116 skeletal DCs were calculated by using the simple method conventionally used (i.e., doses to red bone marrow and endosteum approximated by doses to spongiosa and/or medullary cavities). In the present study, the photon and neutron DRFs were used to produce skeletal DCs of the ICRP-110 reference phantoms, which were then compared with the ICRP-116 DCs. For photons, there were significant differences by up to ~2.8 times especially at energies <0.3 MeV. For neutrons, the differences were generally small over the entire energy region (mostly <20%). The general impact of the DRF-based skeletal DCs on the effective dose calculations was negligibly small, supporting the validity of the ICRP-116 effective DCs despite their skeletal DCs derived from the simple method. Meanwhile, we believe that the DRF-based skeletal DCs could be beneficial in better estimates of skeletal doses of individuals for risk assessments.

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
• /
• v.25 no.3
• /
• pp.267-278
• /
• 2013

In this study, stiffened plates with open ribs are analyzed to estimate and formulate the local displacement and local moments according to square loading sizes. For the local behaviors of plates stiffened with rectangular and reverse T ribs, the ratio functions according to the dimensions of stiffened plates are obtained at each square loading size. Analytical results show that values of the basic stiffened plates are different but the ratio functions of each square loading size are similar and the difference of the ratio functions between rectangular ribs and reverse T ribs are small, so the ratio functions can be unified by integrating the loading sizes regardless of the rib type. The application of the unioned ratio functions to L type ribs and rectangular loading shows good accuracies. Therefore, the local behaviors of plates stiffened with open ribs can easily be obtained by using the unioned ratio functions proposed in this study.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
• /
• v.18 no.4
• /
• pp.45-60
• /
• 2012

The purpose of this study is to approach for the flow analysis of changing central-place functions and basic demands between the central city and the small town. Under the rural society progressed, this study examines how the small town changes in the relation to the central city. The subject of study is based on changes in demand for retail and hospitality. The small town is providing basic demands and urban services primary for the rural in the settlement system. Because of the rural depopulation and the aging of society, Retail and hospitality in the rural is reducing of the facility followed. But the majority of related researches are stocks approach. These studies are useful to find out the characteristic of small town, but is difficult to consider the influence of the central city. In this situation after this study using the function index is set up a concept model, it examines for the basis of changes in demand for the small town. The result of the analysis is that the changes of retail and hospitality are more severe in the more small town than in the central city. Whereas the small town with a population decline is consistent with the reduced number of branches, Population growth in the central city is reduced to the number of the Number of branches. The central-place function has been strengthened in the central city. While the younger generation, recreation, etc. related retail are disappearing rapidly, the mainstream of small town is grocery, home improvement, restaurants.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
• /
• v.46 no.1
• /
• pp.289-309
• /
• 2012

In an attempt to study the current status and ways to revitalize cultural programs in small libraries, this study surveyed 142 small libraries based in the Seoul. Two most important functions of both public and private small libraries were found to be the loan/return of materials and cultural programs; over 50% of small libraries are operating cultural programs. It was also found that institutions that did not operate the cultural programs were aware of the necessity. Both public and private small libraries were operating one to three cultural programs, and their types varied from cultural refinement to reading-related programs. There was a higher rate of answers stating that the person in charge of operating cultural programs for public small libraries were administrative personnels, while the chief librarian was the person in charge for private small libraries. The hardships both types of libraries encountered were found to be budget-related and on securing manpower.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
• /
• v.39 no.9
• /
• pp.878-883
• /
• 2002

Electrical resistivity and thermoelectric power measurements on Mn-based $La_{2.1}Sr_{1.9}Mn_3O_{10}$ with layered perovskite structure as functions of temperature are presented. The experimental results demonstrate that the electronic transport in $La_{2.1}Sr_{1.9}Mn_3O_{10}$ is well described by the Emin-Holstein adiabatic small polaron model. The thermoelectric power data in the small polaron regime above Curie temperature is nearly equal to that predicted by nominal $Mn^{4+}$ valence arguments. This indicates that transport involves small polaron hopping.

• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
• /
• v.26 no.2
• /
• pp.71-79
• /
• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to derive basic data for desirable location and functions of the integrated care center. Methods: Survey, Questionaire and statistical analysis are the main research method of this study. In order to collect data related to utilization pattern and favorite functions of the senior people, researchers have visited 4 social welfare facilities located in Southern Gyeonggi Province. 403 questionaires have been gathered from 4 facilities and they have been analyzed by using Excel Program of MS. Results: First, compared to other services, healthcare services have been preferred by many older people in Social welfare Facilities. This means that integrated care centers providing healthcare services for older people rather than services for children or disabilities is desirable. Second, Integrated Care Centers had better be established within the walk distance of elderly people. If it is not easy, the introduction of shuttle bus for older people is desirable. Especially, in case of large Care Center. Implications: This study shows that small facility with community care rather than big facility is desirable for small community in the point of friendliness, convenience, economy, etc.. However it is necessary to combine welfare service and healthcare service even in small centers.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.17 no.3
• /
• pp.74-87
• /
• 2017

This paper aims to elicit user-defined hand gestures for the small cylindrical displays with flexible displays which has not emerged as a product yet. For this, we first defined the size and functions of a small cylindrical display, and elicited the tasks for operating its functions. Henceforward we implemented the experiment environment which is similar to real cylindrical display usage environment by developing both of a virtual cylindrical display interface and a physical object for operating the virtual cylindrical display. And we showed the results of each task in the virtual cylindrical display to the participants so they could define the hand gestures which are suitable for each task in their opinion. We selected the representative gestures for each task by choosing the gestures of the largest group in each task, and we also calculated agreement scores for each task. Finally we observed mental model of the participants which was applied for eliciting the gestures, based on analyzing the gestures and interview results from the participants.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
• /
• v.47 no.4
• /
• pp.559-578
• /
• 2016

According to the rapid increase of foreign immigrants, South Korea recently has grown more and more interested in the acceptance of cultural diversity in diverse fields at the whole society. Korea Library Association also has sought the way of multicultural service for foreign immigrants in libraries and many previous researches has suggested those. This paper examines the ways in which small community library functions for foreign immigrants, analyzing on the case of multicultural library located in Wongok-dong, Ansan-si, where about 80% population of residents are foreign immigrants. Ansan multicultural library has two functions in the community. One is the educational place for helping immigrants' settlement and adaptation of South Korea. The other is the cultural place for social integration between immigrants and South Koreans based on mutual understanding and communication. Ultimately this paper shows how values small library in the community has significantly for foreign immigrants.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
• /
• v.33 no.4
• /
• pp.187-193
• /
• 2016

A tyrosine kinase is an enzyme that can transfer a phosphate group from ATP to a protein in a cell. It functions as an "on" or "off" switch in many cellular functions. This study aims to show that the actions of growth factors associated with PDGFR-${\alpha}$, PDGFR-${\beta}$, VEGFR-2, c-KIT, and c-ABL, which are used in veterinary medicine, are expressed in canine intractable tumors. This study used archival cases of canine paraganglioma, gastrointestinal adenocarcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, and renal cell carcinoma. Tissues had been immunohistochemical analysis. The antibodies used were PDGFR-${\alpha}$, PDGFR-${\beta}$, c-kit, VEGFR-2, and c-Abl. PDGFR-${\alpha}$ was expressed only in HCC, and PDGFR-${\beta}$ was expressed in all tumors. VEGFR was also only expressed in HCC, and c-KIT has been expressed in HCC, paraganglioma, and small intestinal adenocarcinoma. c-Abl was expressed in all cancers, but was weakly expressed in paraganglioma, while more than moderately expressed in other tissues. In conclusion, this study investigated how TKIs used in human medicine can be applied to canine intractable tumors, through immunohistochemistry. The results indicate that there may be an application for TKIs in treating canine intractable tumors.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
• /
• v.30 no.3
• /
• pp.568-589
• /
• 2020

Recently, Social media has become a concern for businesses, including Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs). SMEs began to adopt social media to support their performance. To benefit from the application of social media, SMEs must implement the right strategy. This study aims to analyze the factors that influence the use of social media in SMEs. Furthermore, alignment between social media functionalities and strategies and their effect on SME's performance are investigated. A case study is conducted in Gymi, a garment SMEs in East Java, Indonesia. The data collection includes interviews with the owner of SMEs, observations, and document analysis. Data analysis is performed by pattern matching, which matches the patterns from the literature with data from the case study. The results of this study show that cost-effectiveness, interactivity, and compatibility are factors that influence the use of social media in Gymi. The social media used by Gymi are Instagram, Facebook, YouTube, WhatsApp, and LINE. However, the main social media used to support Gymi's functions is Instagram. Gymi has a relatively good social media strategy as it has defined a specific goal, target audience, and channel selection for social media (Instagram). It also has specific resources and policies to handle social media. Gymi monitors and evaluates their social media content activities. These strategies are aligned with the Instagram feature used to support Gymi's function, particularly marketing, sales, customer service, and to some extent, internal operation. The alignment contributes to Gymi's performance measured by the increase in reputation (number of Instagram followers) and sales.