• Proceedings of the Korean Powder Metallurgy Institute Conference
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• 2006.09b
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• pp.767-768
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• 2006

In this study, copper vapor chambers with built-in cooling fins, which eliminated the soldered or brazed joints in the conventional vapor chamber, were fabricated using the metal injection molding process. The results show that with optimized molding parameters, fins with an aspect ratio up to 18 could be produced. After sintering, the densities of the fin and chamber reached 96%. With only 32 cooling fins and a small fan installed, the thermal resistance of the heat sink was $1.156^{\circ}C/W$, and the power dissipation was 40W when the junction temperature was $70^{\circ}C$. When copper powder was sintered onto the chamber to make a vapor chamber, the thermal resistance decreased to $1.046^{\circ}C/W$.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.34-42
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• 2022

A correlation between propellant supply condition and chamber pressure in GCH₄-LOx small rocket engine was explored and hot-firing tests were conducted to analyze the engine performance characteristics according to the equivalence ratio variation at a constant chamber pressure. Correlation studies have shown that chamber pressure is linearly proportional to oxidizer supply pressure. As a result of the test, the thrust, specific impulse and characteristic velocity that are the main performance parameters of a rocket engine, were found to be enhanced as the equivalence ratio starting from a fuel-lean condition approached the stoichiometric ratio, but the efficiencies of characteristic velocity and specific impulse were on the contrary, in their dependency on the equivalence ratio.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.46-55
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• 2008

This study assesses the formaldehyde and TVOC emissions from bio-composites with attached fancy veneer manufactured using wood flour and polypropylene (PP) measured using the Field and Laboratory Emission Cell (FLEC) method and 20 L small chamber method. To determine and compare the effects of the adhesive, samples were prepared with different manufacturing methods. In the FLEC result, the formaldehyde emission level of the bio-composites with attached veneer by hot-press was the lowest than pure bio-composite and bio-composite attached veneer using adhesive. The TVOC emission levels are similar to the formaldehyde emission. The TVOC emission level is very low in all of the samples except fancy veneer that is attached with bio-composites using adhesive. The TVOC emission varies depending on how attaching fancy veneer. The results of the 20 L small chamber method were very similar to those obtained with the FLEC, but the correlation was not perfect. However, the FLEC method requires a shorter time than the 20 L small chamber method to measure the formaldehyde and TVOC emissions. The internal bonding strength exceeded the minimum value of $0.4N/mm^2$ specified by the KS standard. All of the bio-composites with attached veneer satisfied the KS standard.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.7 no.5
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• pp.55-65
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• 1999

Many researches have been investigating small direct-injection diesel engines using the spray impacting on walls. Those systems have one or more raised pips to break-up the fuel and spread it widely toward a desired direction in a combustion chamber. In this study, the sizes and heights of the pips are determined by using a computational fluid dynamics code employing non-orthogonal grid systems. In order to find out the suitable pip-shape to a small chamber, the spray behaviors, occupied spary volumes and averaged droplets sizes are calculated with the variation of shape of the pip, such as, size and heights and inclined degree. The desired shape of the impinging land is proposed for the design of combustion system in small diesel engines.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.7 no.6
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• pp.49-56
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• 1999

The effects of the internal flow in a D.I. Diesel injection nozzle on the atomization of a spray were analyzed experimentally. Flow visualization studies were made using a transparent acrylic model nozzle as a diesel nozzle . Water instead of disel fuel was used as the injection liquid. The geometry of the model nozzle was scaled up 10 times of the actual nozzle and the injection pressure for the model nozzle was adjusted so as to achieve a Reynolds number at the discharge hole that was the same as the actual nozzle. Experimental results show that when the needle lift was small, the high turbulence in the sac chamber generated by the high velocity seat flow made the spread angle of the spray plume large. Cavitation, which arose from the sac chamber, makes the spread angle of the spray plume large but the discharge coefficient small.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.147-150
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• 2003

The purpose of this research was to develope components of micro solid propellant thruster. Micro solid propellant thruster had four basic components: combustion chamber, nozzle, solid propellant and micro heater for ignition. A performance of micro heater and characteristic of solid propellant was investigated. Micro heater was fabricated by conventional MEMS process and Platinum layer was used for heating element. Effect of geometry parameters on micro heater was tested. The temperature responses of heater with respect to each parameters was compared for a given electrical power. The characteristic of solid propellant(HTPB/AP) was investigated to obtain burning velocity in small chamber. Additionally, a capacity of filling propellant with high viscosity in small chamber was checked to guarantee for the micro fabrication.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.91-95
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• 1990

The solid state detector system was constructed using commercially available rectifier diode for the assessment of quality assurance in radiotherapy. Dosimetry system which consists of the electrometer and the water phanton was used for measuring small field size scanning. The measured results, which had linearity in accordance with variation of radiation dose for gamma-ray of Co- 60 and 6 and 10MV photons of linear accelerator, showed quite linear characteristics within 1% error. The percent depth dose of 10MV photon of Mevatron KD linear accelerator was measured in small field size using diode, and the results were compared with that of using ion chambers. The results show that the difference of percent depth dose between the value of diode and that of ion chamber was negligible in large field size. However, in small size less than 4$\times$4cm, the difference of percent depth dose estimated by diode and ion chamber was 4.7% by extrapolation to 0$\times$0cm. Considering the smaller volume of diode than that of ion chamber, it might be more reliable to use diode for estimating percent depth dose. Above results suggest that diode can be used for routine check such as beam profile, flatness, symmetry and energy

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.269-282
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• 2012

Laboratory equipment will continue to be developed and created as long as experiments continue. Up until now, the designs have been focused on the functional role; successfully process the study purpose. However, nowadays, the requirements of providing emotional satisfaction of the design, has increased. Even so, the users are normally limited by specific groups and investments on these designs have been neglected due to small annual production by the small market. Through this study, we have conducted an emotional evaluation on Temperature and Humidity Chamber's (TH Chamber) exterior shape. First of all, we extracted emotional words and placed them in categories that represent these emotions and conducted an emotional evaluation on four typical TH chamber models. They were selected based on its door lock type and control box type. The result showed that the 'fixed type' of control box and the 'handle type' of door lock were most favorable by the users, satisfying the five representative emotions; 'Attractiveness', 'Classiness', 'Comfortableness', 'Pleasant' and 'Satisfaction in Usability'. Particularly, all 4 emotional words in the 'Satisfaction in Usability' category recorded over 3.65. This indicates that Satisfaction in Usability is relatively an important category when expressing laboratory equipment. The result of this research is expected to be used as a basic data to find a way of right approach in laboratory equipment design.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2010.10a
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• pp.302-307
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• 2010

Development of light-weight high speed train (HST) based on distributed motor control with the top speed of 350 km/hr has engendered a need for abatement of the interior noise of the train cabin. The development of noise abatement measures is crucial at the design stage of the train car since the noise transmission characteristics of the car structure directly influences the cabin interior noise. Since the transmission loss measurement using the entire car structure is often not feasible, especially at the initial stages of the train development, investigation of transmission characteristics using small-scale reverberation chamber can furnish useful alternative source of predicting the noise level. In the present study, white noise is generated at source and transmission loss estimated by performing measurement of a specimen in a scaled reverberation chamber. Comparison of measured values with the previously derived numerical values show good agreement in the overall trend but appreciable quantitative differences still remain.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.162-172
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• 1997

We investigated passby noise measurement method in a small-sized semi-anechoic chamber satisfying the American based SAE J1470 Recommended Practice to facilitate the measurements. We have tired two passby noise prediction methods. One is line array microphone method in which the free space sound field is decomposed into its eigenfunctions in the spherical coordinates and rearranged according to the order of the spherical Hankel function. However, due to the characteristics of the spherical Hankel function, it is impossible to distinguish the function's characteristics according to the order in farfield. Consequently it can be applied in the transient region of the nearfield and the farfield. The other method is nearfield acoustic holography(NAH). Although measuring hologram for the several operational engine speeds by conventional scanning method is time-consuming work, we can greatly reduce the measuring time by selecting the appropriate engine speed through preexperimental knowledge. To verify this method we experimented with the outdoor passby noise measurements and the passby noise prediction in the small-sized semi-anechoic chamber for the identical passenger vehicle and obtained reasonable and acceptable results.