• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.15-24
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• 2023

A persulfate(PS)/sulfidated microscale zero-valent iron(S-mZVI) system was tested for treating a soil contaminated with phenol. Sulfidation of bare mZVI was conducted using a mechanochemical process utilizing a ball mill in order to improve persulfate activation capacity and stability of unmodified mZVI. The synthesized S-mZVI performed markedly better than the bare mZVI in activating PS. The optimum molar ratio of sulfur to mZVI was around 0.12. In the soil slurry experiments, a very rapid and complete removal of phenol was observed at the optimum molar ratios of PS to S-mZVI of 2:1 and PS to phenol of 16:1. The phenol removal efficiencies decreased as the water content of the slurries decreased. This was believed to be due to increased soil oxidant demand as the amount of soil was increased as relative to the water content. To evaluate the field applicability of the process, slurry experiments adopting high soil contents were carried out that simulated in-situ soil mixing conditions. These experiments resulted in substantially compromised degradation efficiencies of 54.3% and 43.8% within 4 hours. The current study generally shows that the PS/S-mZVI process has a potential to be developed into a remediation technology for soils contaminated with organics.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.72-75
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• 2023

Silicon carbide (SiC) is used as a substrate material for power semiconductors; however, SiC chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) requires considerable time owing to its chemical stability and high hardness. Therefore, researchers are attempting to increase the material removal rate (MRR) of SiC CMP using various methods. Mixed-abrasive CMP (MAS CMP) is one method of increasing the material removal efficiency of CMP by mixing two or more particles. The aim of this research is to study the mathematical modeling of the MRR of MAS CMP of SiC with SiO₂ and TiO₂ particles. With a total particle concentration of 32 wt, using 80-nm SiO₂ particles and 25-nm TiO₂ particles maximizes the MRR at 8 wt of the TiO₂ particle concentration. In the case of 5 nm TiO₂ particles, the MRR tends to increase with an increase in TiO₂ concentration. In the case of particle size 10-25 nm TiO₂, as the particle concentration increases, the MRR increases to a certain level and then decreases again. TiO₂ particles of 25 nm or more continuously decreased MRR as the particle concentration increased. In the model proposed in this study, the MRR of MAS CMP of SiC increases linearly with changes in pressure and relative speed, which shows the same result as the Preston's equation. These results can contribute to the future design of MAS; however, the model needs to be verified and improved in future experiments.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.79-87
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• 2008

경제가 성장함에 따라 도시 곳곳에 인공구조물이 건설되면서 녹지공간이 줄어들고 있다. 녹지공간의 축소는 도시의 열섬현상, 지구온난화 등을 가중시키고 삶의 질을 저하시키는 등의 문제를 가져왔다. 최근 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해 건물의 옥상과 같이 버려진 공간을 이용한 옥상녹화에 관한 연구가 많이 이루어지고 있다. 옥상녹화 시 가장 중요한 문제로 대두되는 것은 건물에 미치는 토양의 하중으로 건물에 부하되는 하중을 줄이기 위해 경량성 녹화소재가 필요하게 되었다. 본 연구에서는 경량성 소재인 폐목재칩과 폐지 슬러리를 이용하여 녹화용 식생기반재를 제작하였다. 폐목재칩과 폐지 슬러리의 사용은 자원을 재활용한다는 의미에서도 의의를 가진다. 폐목재칩과 폐지 슬러리를 60 : 40으로 혼합하고 습윤지력증강제의 처리를 달리하였고, 보수력을 위해 표면사이즈제를 처리하여 각 처리 조건에 따라 물리적 특성과 화학적 특성을 평가하였다. 실험결과 15%의 습윤지력증강제를 첨가한 식생기반재가 습윤 시 최대의 강도를 보였고, 표면사이즈제를 도포하지 않은 식생기반재에서는 도포한 것에 비해 높은 수분증발량을 보여 표면사이즈제가 보수력을 높이는데 효과적임을 알 수 있었다. 흡수 시 두께변화는 1 mm 이하로 그 변화가 적어 치수안정성이 우수한 소재임을 알 수 있었다. 식생기반재의 pH는 7.6~8.25로 중성에서 약 알카리성으로 나타났다.

• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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• 제17권12호
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• pp.45-54
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 벤토나이트로 굴착 트렌치의 안정성을 유지하면서 시멘트와 벤토나이트 혼합물을 불투수벽체의 재료로 사용하여 지중차수벽체를 구성하는 새로운 시공방법에 대해 고찰하였다. 강화벤토나이트 차수벽체공법은 굴착된 구역을 균질하게 차수재료로 치환하므로 일반적인 그라우팅공법에 비해 차수효과의 예측과 시공성과의 검증이 보다 용이한 장점을 지닌다. 또한 강화벤토나이트 차수벽체공법은 시공 장비가 단순하고 시공 순서가 간단하므로 경제적인 측면에서도 큰 장점을 가지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 다양한 실내실험을 통해 배합재료와 배합방법의 변화에 따른 강화벤토나이트 차수벽체의 공학적 특성을 고찰하였으며, 본 공법의 실무 적용 시 시공비용 결정과 벽체의 설계를 위해 가장 중요한 표준 배합비와 배합방법을 제시하였다. 마지막으로 차수벽체를 구성하는 재료들의 결합재로 사용되는 일반포틀랜드 시멘트와 고로슬레그 시멘트의 효과를 비교하였다.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제24권11호
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• pp.121-131
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• 2008

슬러리월 연직차수벽 시공시, 지반을 트렌치 형태로 굴착하고, 굴착시공 중 굴착면 붕괴에 대한 안정성을 유지하기 위하여 벤토나이트와 물을 혼합한 슬러리를 트렌치에 채운다. 이렇게 채워진 벤토나이트 슬러리로 인하여 필터케이크(filter cake)이라 불리는 얇고 투수성이 낮은 층이 트렌치벽 표면에 형성되며, 슬러리가 제거 된 이후에도 굴착면에 잔존하여 연직차수벽에서의 순간변위시험(slug test) 해석 결과에 중요한 영향을 미친다. 본 연구에서는 기존에 개발된 수치해석 프로그램 Slug-3D를 수정하여 순간변위시험 해석시 필터케이크의 영향을 고려하는 방법을 제시하고 이를 통하여 정확한 연직차수벽의 투수계수를 산출하도록 하였다. 필터케이크의 영향을 고려하기 위하여 Slug-3D에서는 차수벽과 토양층의 경계면에 불투수조건(no-flux)을 경계조건으로 설정하여 해석을 수행하였다 또한 투수계수 산정에서 기존의 타입커브법(type curve method)을 이용하기 위하여 개선된 type curve를 도출하였고, 선형 커브피팅법(line-fitting method)를 필터케이크가 존재하는 연직차수벽에 적용할 수 있도록 수정 보완하였다. 본 논문에서 제안된 필터케이크를 고려한 해석방법은 EMCON(1995)에 의해 수행된 현장시험 결과의 재해석을 통하여 타당성을 검토하였다. 또한, 본 연구에서 얻어진 결과를 Choi and Daniel(2006)에 의해 수행된 필터케이크가 존재하지 않는 경우의 순간변위시험 해석결과와 비교를 통해 필터케이크 고려가 반드시 필요함을 보여준다.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제37권7호
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• pp.705-712
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• 2000

In this study, the dispersion stability of CeO2 based complex oxide was studied, and density, porosity, and microstructure of green body were investigated using colloid surface chemistry to manufacture the Gd2O3 doped CeO2 solid electrolyte in an aqueous system. To prepare the stable slurry for slip casting, the dispersion stability was examined as a function of pH using ESA(electrokinetic sonic anplitude) analysis. The dynamic mobility of particles was enhanced with anionic and cationic dispersant were added the amount of 0.5wt% respectively, but pH value in slurries didn't move to below 6.0 because of the influence of dopants. This phenomenon also appeared in the CeO2-Y2O3 and CeO2-Sm2O3 systems, so it could be inferred that rare earth dopants such as Gd2O3, Sm2O3 and Y2O3 not only have the similar motion with changing pH in an aqueous system but also can be dissolved in the range of pH 6.0∼6.5. In CeO2-Gd2O3 system, when the anionic dispersant was added the amount of 0.5wt% and pH value in slurries was fixed at 9.5, the green body density was 4.07g/㎤, and the relative density of sintered body was 95.2%. It could be inferred from XRD analysis that Gd3+ substituted into Ce4+ site because there was no free Gd2O3 peak.

• Ocean Systems Engineering
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.309-325
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• 2014

Geotextile tubes are basically a huge sack filled with sand or dredged soil. Geotextile tubes are made of permeable woven or non-woven synthetic fibers (i.e., polyester or PET and polypropylene or PP). The geotextile tubes' performances in strength, dewatering, retaining solid particles and stacked stability have been studied extensively in the past. However, only little research has been done in the observation of the deformation behavior of geotextile tubes. In this paper, a large-scale apparatus for geotextile tube experiment is introduced. The apparatus is equipped with a slurry mixing station, pumping and delivery station, an observation station and a data station. For this study the large-scale apparatus was utilized in the studies regarding the stresses on the geotextile and the deformation behavior of the geotextile tube. Model tests were conducted using a custom-made woven geotextile tubes. Load cells placed at the inner belly of the geotextile tube to monitor the total soil pressure. Strain gauges were also placed on the outer skin of the tube to measure the geotextile strain. The pressure and strain sensors are attached to a data logger that sends the collected data to a desktop computer. The experiment results showed that the maximum geotextile strain occurs at the sides of the tube and the soil pressure distribution varies at each geotextile tube section.

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.149-160
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• 1998

Hog manure slurry amended with sawdust was composted in pilot-scale reactor vessels using continuous aeration nuder different C/N ratios and pH conditions during composting high rate (decomposition) process. For each material two replicated piles were built and monitored over a period of three weeks. The compost piles had an initial volume of 0.18 ㎥. In this study we evaluated the temperature in compost O2 and CO2 evolution, aeration rate, NH3 concentration etc. and investigated the stability of compost during composting high rate process. According to measured results, while the maximum NH3 concentration during composting high rate process. According to measured results, while the maximum NH3 concentration during composting high rate was in the range of 213 to 412 ppm on 5th day which was near the optimum C/N(22∼24) and pH(7.5∼7.9). And then, the NH3 concentration reduced to between 22∼26 ppm by 13th day. The maximum NH3 concentration for the lower C/N(18∼19) and pH value of 6 reached 574∼1,063 ppm by the 16th through 11th days and the NH3 concentration during continuous aerated composting high rate process, it was more important to manage NH3 gas so that compost odor is reduced.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2008년도 추계 학술발표회
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• pp.498-507
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• 2008

The mixture of bentonite powder and water is generally used to maintain the stability of excavation surface during the construction of vertical cutoff walls. The filter cake on the sidewall surface is the result of filtration of slurry into the adjacent soil formation. The filter cake is believed to have a very low hydraulic conductivity compared to that of the cutoff wall. This paper evaluates hydraulic conductivities of bentonite filter cakes set up with three types of bentonites under various pressure levels. A modified fluid loss test was employed in this experiment. Theory of filtration process was reviewed to explain the procedure in the present experiment. Hydraulic conductivity of the filter cakes with consideration of the filter medium resistance was evaluated. The results of the experiment with two calculation methods and discussion are presented to show the efficiency of the modified fluid loss test.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2008년도 추계 학술발표회
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• pp.1502-1511
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• 2008

The mixture of bentonite powder and water is generally used to maintain the stability of excavation surface during the construction of vertical cutoff walls. The filter cake on the sidewall surface is the result of filtration of slurry into the adjacent soil formation. The filter cake is believed to have a very low hydraulic conductivity compared to that of the cutoff wall. This paper evaluates hydraulic conductivities of bentonite filter cakes set up with three types of bentonites under various pressure levels. A modified fluid loss test was employed in this experiment. Theory of filtration process was reviewed to explain the procedure in the present experiment. Hydraulic conductivity of the filter cakes with consideration of the filter medium resistance was evaluated. The results of the experiment with two calculation methods and discussion are presented to show the efficiency of the modified fluid loss test.