• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.83-90
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• 2005

A goal of this research is to propose the remodeling possibility from deteriorated stock apartment housing, to three generation family living in a dwelling unit for low incomes. An apartment housing which was built from 1970s, is accumulated over $55\%$ of the stock housing in Korea, many of them are confront with a rebuilding in a short usage of twenty years below. They are small one, and many of the residence complain narrow and small space compare to economic growth and their needs. This article deals the reform of two to one dwelling units, that it can be use for three generation family living as a new residence, because its spatial character is more controled privacy condition as a four bay spatial organization in the dwelling. The reform simulated in a 10, 13, 14, 15, and 16 pyung, the remodeling size became from 20 to 30 pyung, and its reform can be apply to extend life cycle of a stock confront with redevelopment. The possibility of the reform houses have more intensive privacy in a house compare with same area of new apartment. It tells us that we can recycle the deteriorate apartment house into three generation family living use, and it will be clue to change slum clearance into reform and recycle of deteriorate apartment house.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.147-156
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• 2003

A small apartment housings in Korea, which is built mass-product from 1980s, are dissatisfied, in spite of good condition, due to the growing living areas and changing lifestyle of the residents. Many of them confronted with slum areas and the kinds of housing stock accumulated much more in Korean contexts. For the existing small houses, it could be discuss an adaptation model to the increasing requirement standards of the house residents; wider living area, new facilities and a style of new residence. A social policy for elderly people who are handicap in physical and economical aspects, is home stay system rather than national support. But it is not easy to find the three generation family house in Korea context, specially apartment house. This paper deals with the vertical unification typology of two dwelling units to one, in order to supply three generation houses by remodel existing small apartment houses constructed by Korea National Housing Corporation. The use of convert houses into vertical expansion are expected to be a house of three generation family, it can also enhance privacy against conflictive activities in a house. And also the merging types of two dwelling units into one can be used as a device to get rid of the monotonous characteristics and gain diversity in the declining stock housing.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.39-46
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• 2011

The agricultural population, the farming, the agriculture of our country has been decreased more rapidly than those of other countries. Also, the changing speed of the rural village in Korea has shown a similar trend. By considering the urbanization process and migration state caused by the economic growth and the increasing level of relative poverty in comparison with the urban area, it has been necessary to go through the impoverishment and slum-orientation of the rural area. In our country, the rural village became old age. So, the collapse is predicted to a population shortage if such trend is continued in the village society. according to investigate, Many urban peoples have opinion that migrates to a farm village. but those not migrate to rural community. The mainly reason is low life environment. therefore it is need the plan that the urban people migrates to a rural village, and must have the plan to be engaged in the agriculture. lt was the rural-fishing New Town development project that started in 2009 for 30~40 years's urban people. This study is about characteristic and improvement of Rural-Fishing New Town development project.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.52-65
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• 1986

This study deals with the conditions of nutritional intake of the urban elderly (age sixty years and older). This study analysis is based on factors that are influenced on the prevalent conditions of dietary-intake of the urban elderly either it be for better ment of health or desire. The method of this research was based on the interview-survey with questinaire in the Seoul area. In comparison to the surveys taken of the rural society and the urban slum elderly the urban elderly standard nutritional requirements was higher. Of the standard nutritional requrieemtns the twomen's nutrition intake was higher than of the men. But still the problem of malnutrition existed in the urban elderly both men and women at the probability nutritional deficienty rate higher than 30%. The food intake frequency factors which might influence the condition of nutritional intake was significant more than condition of eating. Another important factors of the conditions of nutritioal intake of the urban elderly are one's self-consciousness of health and degree of one's will change . In healthy case of the aged, their will was almost maintained and hand -grip strength was high when they had regular meal with their family . For elderl with the lower academic career and the one with more satisfactory to his meal, their wills didn't change before or after retirement. The objectiveness of this survey is to convince the elderly that the problems of nutritional deficiency can only be solved by reeducation and to improve their nutritional diet to have the enjoyments of a healtheir elderly life.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.61-68
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• 2014

This study aims at proposing a sound and sustainable development direction of an residential environment by analyzing testimonies of residents who lived in Park Hill flats or their surround at Sheffield City in the United Kingdom. The results are obtained through the analysis on a residential environment of Park Hill flats, opinions of the residents on its refurbishment, and effects of the building on the residential environment. The block of Park Hill flats was a community with a strong unity and solidarity, but that became increasingly a slum by the decline of the physical and social environment since the 1980s. In particular, it was identified that the deterioration of the social environment than that of the physical environment was a major cause of the decline. Nevertheless, it was found that "streets in the sky", the concept applied in Park Hill, played a key role in activating the community in the apartment complex. However, that street system in the complex has caused noise, poor security, and invasion of privacy. If such problems are solved, the streets in the sky will be a meaningful alternative for community activation and then ensuring sustainability in Korean residential environments that lost the function of the community.

• Architectural research
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.185-192
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• 2014

As the cities developed and grew into larger metropolises, land value grew and land invariably became an asset. One of very critical causalities of such widespread need for development was the urban residence that got converted into cesspools of urban slum, major crime area and rapidly degraded. Incessant population growth of these cities called for more land to build residences especially the economically affordable and safe housings were needed for the citizens of none or low-income community. However, not enough attentions have yet been given to the essential basics of human habitation that exist within metropolitan limits by social, economical and political aspects. The following paper studies and elaborates the development motivation adopted by the government to develop public housing in the United States under the technical guidance of supporters and developers from national and international communities. The paper discusses current situation of public housing in the United States with a focus on understanding the present status of public housing and physical condition of their surroundings, strategies for fund mobilization, types of local involvement and community participation, ways of continuous monitoring and maintenance, etc. thereby creating a self-sustaining and integrated management plan for public housings in the future.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.81-86
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• 2016

Purpose: An increase of empty houses is recognized a serious problem in residential environmental improvement areas and old downtown. The government recognizes the empty houses as a reason for the accelerated formation of local slum, and a negative element threatening the residential environment and urban landscape. Therefore, it has a high interest in the use of empty houses in urban regeneration projects. In this study, we propose a site selecting method for the composition of Art-Village by using empty houses. Method: The main process of this study is to create a dot map and contour map based on a survey of the empty houses on Gwang-ju Metropolitan City. Based on this result, the sites were selected on the basis of the five principles; 1) Density of Empty Houses, 2) Accessibility, 3) Resources of Amenity, 4) Related Plan, and 5) Regional arrangement Result: As a result, this research proposed methods of selecting sites for art village by using empty houses. The eight regions were selected in Gwang-ju Metropolitan City.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.43 no.2 s.134
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• pp.61-64
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• 2005

The aim of the present study was to find out the number of students with enterobiasis and/or taeniasis in primary schools of Sivas. Among the 2,029 students in 6 primary schools, $316(15.6\%)$ were positive to Enterobius vermicularis eggs and $32(1.6\%)$ were positive to Taenia spp. eggs by the cellophane tape method. The egg positive rates of E. vermicularis and Taenia spp. ranged from $9.4\%\;to\;27.2\%\;and\;from\;0.8\%\;to\; 2.6\%$ respectively among six schools. The egg positive rate of E. vermicularis was found to be significantly different among these schools $(X^2=31.96,\;P<0.05)$, whereas there was no significant difference between the schools for Taenia spp. $(X^2=4.37;\;P>0.05)$. The rate $(18.7\%)$ of E. vermicularis in the urban slum regions was higher than the rate $(11.5\%)$ in the urban central regions $(X^2=19.20\;P<0.05)$. Above results demonstrate that the egg positive rate of E. vermicularis and Taenia spp. was still prevalent among primary school children.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.117-124
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• 2006

Korean urban traditional housing abandoned by the social apathy promptly disappearing form our sight, or ruining. It tells that the strategies we are using today are impossible to fulfill socio-economic needs of residents here. So it needed to find out the strategies which can change this place better to live in. Consolidating the street parking lots fer cars can be one of the important solutions to the area. By using cul-de-sac, after setting up small unit of communities, we will have chance to have a small public space, and at the same time it can help to set up our tradition of people's intimacy inside the community. Most people have their own cars, and the need of parking lots becomes more serious. So, a meeting place like public well in the past must replace parking lots. On the other hand, it is important to re-consolidate existing land to obtain appropriate land size for other uses. Today, the use of private space (house, private lots, etc..)and public space(streets, local offices) is very important. NIMBY (Not In My Back Yard) attitude should also be reconsidered. All these negative social aspects come from negative social relationship, thus we should consider them with care and deep understandings. The traditional housing of Korea should not be abandoned as slum, but this should be transformed in terms of the conservation since it is superior in its ecological and energy conservation aspect.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.167-173
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• 2021

As population inflows into the city and the traffic volume increases, a three-dimensional transportation system was developed, and as a result, the lower space of the viaduct was formed. Since the space under viaduct includes factors such as shadow, noise, vibration, and disconnection between regions, efforts have been made to prevent slumming and help form local communities by activating them. This study intends to derive analysis based on locality, functionality, and communication for a variety of access to the lower space of an overpass, and analyze cases based on the result. We have the results through analysis are as follows. First, the space under the viaduct has been turned into a slum due poor accessibility and utilization, and local residents and local government also neglected the space. However, it appears to be a space with high potential utilization. Second, by giving diversity to the lower space of the viaduct and cultivating spatial identity, the space was activated and connected with the surroundings by providing a more pleasant environment. Third, accessibility was improved by providing a complex functional and aesthetic environment, and by providing various programs that could form a community among residents, voluntary and active participation was elicited.