• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.233-240
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• 2018

Pullout tests are usually employed to determine the ultimate bearing capacity of reinforced soil, and the load-displacement curve can be obtained easily. This paper presents an analytical solution for predicting the full-range mechanical behavior of a buried planar reinforcement subjected to pullout based on a bi-linear bond-slip model. The full-range behavior consists of three consecutive stages: elastic stage, elastic-plastic stage and debonding stage. For each stage, closed-form solutions for the load-displacement relationship, the interfacial slip distribution, the interfacial shear stress distribution and the axial stress distribution along the planar reinforcement were derived. The ultimate load and the effective bond length were also obtained. Then the analytical model was calibrated and validated against three pullout experimental tests. The predicted load-displacement curves as well as the internal displacement distribution are in closed agreement with test results. Moreover, a parametric study on the effect of anchorage length, reinforcement axial stiffness, interfacial shear stiffness and interfacial shear strength is also presented, providing insights into the pullout behaviour of planar reinforcements of MSE structures.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.43-54
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• 1999

Shear tests are performed on four full-scale 12.5 m proto-type models, "least depth double tee," which are resulted from the optimization process. Domestic superimposed live load regulation, domestic material properties which is available to product. Korean building code requirements, construction environments and economy are considered as the main factors to establish the process. All of the specimens tested fully comply with the shear strength requirements as specified by ACI 318-95. The research has shown following results. 1) The development length requirement of ACI 318-95 does not seem a good predictor for the estimation of bond failure in a beam with the strands below the supports. 2) The load required for the first initial coner cracking in the dap end and first web shear cracking does not seem to have any relation with the dimension and shear strength of the section in the test beams. 3) The strand slip has a direct relationship with the web shear cracking. However, the coner cracking in the dap end does not give any help for the slip in anchorage. 4) Use of whole area for bearing steel at the bottom of dap end is desired for safe bearing pressure design in the precast prestressed double tee beams. 5) The deflection of beam influences directly on the amount of strand slip at the anchorage after initiation of it, and relationship between them are very linear.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.337-349
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• 1996

A study was conducted to find the possible relationship between slip distance and dynamic coefficient of friction (DCOF) through the biomechanical study of slips and falls using a broader variety of floors and levels of slipperiness than those used before. Four different floor surfaces covering the full range of floor slipperiness (with and without on oil contaminant) were prepared for ten subjects with each walking at a fixed velocity. The results showed that slip distance and heel velocity had a decreasing trend while stride length had a increasing trend as DCOF increased. The contaminant effect overpowered floor slipperiness effect because a higher DCOF surface with oil contaminant created longer slip distance than the lower DCOF with dry floor. Normal gait pattern and suggested heel velocity (10 to 20 cm/sec) were seen on dry floors but abnormally longer stride length and 5 to 10 times faster heel velocity were found an oily floors. In other words, faster heel velocity (greater than 10 to 20 cm/sec) is recommended to measure DCOF on oily floors because the assumption of normal gait was no longer valid.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.9-15
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• 2002

Due to the inconsiderateness of human capability and inappropriate arrangement of display and control unit at the industrial site, the human error leads to a various accidents. This study was performed to investigate the visual range at the eye field and stationary field at the various angles with three different visual stimuli of alphabetic character, color slip and light-emitting diode. Three kinds of various alphabetic characters depending on length and breadth ratio (1:1, 3:5, 5:3) and three different colors (red, yellow, green) were used for the stimuli. Twenty-five subjects (11 males and 14 females) participated for this study. The results showed that female had wider visual range than male at the eye field, however no significant difference was found at the stationary field. The light-emitting diode had a widest visual range then color slip and characters are in order at the eye field and stationary field. For the character stimulus, the widest visual range was shown at length and breadth ratio of 1:1. The other ratios (3:5 and 5:3) showed no significant difference. The color of red had a widest visual range on the light-emitting diode, however, the color of yellow showed a widest visual range on the just color slip at the eye field. The result of this study would be valuable in applying to the design of visual display and the panel layout of control and displays in the industrial site.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.13 no.4 s.35
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• pp.151-158
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• 1999

A model harbour with Plan scale of $1.08{\times}1.08m$ is built on a tidal tank using a Froude relationship from a real harbour($432{\times}432m$). Velocity components are measured by a ultrasonic velocity meter and flow structure is then predicted using a 2-D depth integrated hydrodynamic model. In the finite difference model implemented in this study, various wall boundary conditions, i.e. no-slip, free-slip, partial-slip and semi-slip are used to represent turbulent diffusion terms, e.g. ${\partial}^2U_{ij}/{\partial}x^2\;or\;{\partial}^2U_{ij}/{\partial}y^2$. These conditions are focused to investigate their influence on the flow structure along the wall and basin of the harbour with aspect ratio of unity, i.e. Length/Breadth. Numerical experiments are compared with the measurements and used to analyse flow patterns in the basin during tidal cycles. It is shown from the results that no-slip closed boundary condition is the most appropriate method with respect to the location of the eddy centre, although the condition underestimates velocity components along the wall.

• Computers and Concrete
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• v.7 no.5
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• pp.403-419
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• 2010

The bond mechanism for reinforcing bars in concrete is equivalent to the normal contact and friction between the inclined ribs and the surrounding concrete. Based on the contact density model for the computation of shear transfer across cracks, an open-slip coupled model was developed for simulating three-dimensional bond behavior for reinforcing bars in concrete. A parameter study was performed and verified by simulating pull-out experiments of extremely different boundary conditions: short bar embedment with a huge concrete cover, extremely long bar embedment with a huge concrete cover, embedded aluminum bar and short bar embedded length with an insufficient concrete cover. The bar strain effect and splitting of the concrete cover on a local bond can be explained by finite element (FE) analysis. The analysis shows that the strain effect results from a large local slip and the splitting effect of a large opening of the interface. Finally, the sensitivity of rebar geometry was also checked by FE analysis and implies that the open-slip coupled model can be extended to the case of plain bar.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.425-436
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• 2022

The mechanical behaviors of the prefabricated steel-concrete composite beams are usually affected by the strength and the number of shear studs. Furthermore, the discrete degree of the arrangement for shear stud clusters, being defined as the clustering degree of shear stud λ in this paper, is an important factor for the mechanical properties of composite beams, even if the shear connection degree is unchanged. This paper uses an experimental and calculation method to investigate the influence of λ on the mechanical behavior of the composite beam. Five specimens (with different λ but having the same shear connection degree) of prefabricated composite beams are designed to study the ultimate supporting capacity, deformation, slip and shearing stiffness of composite beams. Experimental results are compared with the conventional slip calculation method (based on the influence of λ) of prefabricated composite beams. The results showed that the stiffness in the elastoplastic stage is reduced when λ is greater than 0.333, while the supporting capacity of beams has little affected by the change in λ. The slip distribution along the beam length tends to be zig-zagged due to the clustering of studs, and the slip difference increases with the increase of λ.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Tribologists and Lubrication Engineers Conference
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• 1999.06a
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• pp.310-316
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• 1999

The fretting wear characteristics of the contact between Zircaloy-4 tube and Inconel 600 tube have investigated. Zircaloy-4 is used for fuel rod in nuclear reactor and Inconel 600 is used for tube In steam generator of nuclear power plant. A fretting wear tester was designed to be suitable for this fretting test. In this study, the number of cycles, slip amplitude and normal load were selected as main factors of fretting wear. This study shows that the wear scar length of Zircaloy-4 and Inconel 600 increases as number of cycles, normal load and slip amplitude increase and the wear scar length of Zircaloy-4 is more longer than that of Inconel 600 due to the surface hardness.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.762-765
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• 2004

The main objective of this study is to provide a parametric evaluation of the pull-out response of steel fibers embedded in cementitious matrices. The various parameters controlling the behavior of the bond stress versus end slip relationship are analyzed; their effects on the entire pull-out load versus end slip response and the corresponding pull-out energy up to total pull-out are investigated. Also discussed are the effects of the fiber length, the water/binder ratio of the mixtures and embedded length.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.5 no.5
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• pp.553-563
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• 1997

A procedure is being developed for bolting plates to the sides of existing reinforced concrete beams to strengthen and stiffen them. Unlike standard composite steel and concrete beams in which there is longitudinal-partial-interaction at the steel/concrete interface (that is slip along the length of the beam), composite bolted side-plated reinforced-concrete beams are unique in that they also exhibit transverse-partial-interaction, that is slip transverse to the length of the beam. In this work, the fundamental mathematical models for transverse-partial-interaction and its interaction with longitudinal-partial-interaction are developed. The fundamental models are then further developed to determine the number of connectors required to resist the transverse forces and to limit the degree of transverse-partial-interaction in bolted side-plated reinforced concrete beams.