• International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials
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• 제10권sup3호
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• pp.75-85
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• 2016

Large scale constructions needs to estimate a possibility for pumping concrete. In this paper, the state of the art on prediction of concrete pumping including analytical and experimental works is presented. The existing methods to measure the rheological properties of slip layer (or called lubricating layer) are first introduced. Second, based on the rheological properties of slip layer and parent concrete, models to predict concrete pumping (flow rate, pumping pressure, and pumpable distance) are explained. Third, influencing factors on concrete pumping are discussed with the test results of various concrete mixes. Finally, future need for research on concrete pumping is suggested.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.389-394
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• 2000

Scanning Probe Microscope (SPM) such as Scanning Tunneling Microscope (STM) and Atomic Force Microscope (AEM) was shown to be the powerful tool for nano-scale characterization of material surfaces. Using this technique, surface morphology of the cyclically deformed Cu or Cu-Al single crystal was observed. The surface became proportionately rough as the number of cycles increased, but after some number of cycles no further change was observed. Slip steps with the heights of 100 to 200 nm and the widths of 1000 to 2000 nm were prevailing at the stage. The slipped distance of one slip system at the surface was not uniform, and formation of the extrusions or intrusions was assumed to occur such place. By comparing the morphological change caused by crystallographic orientation, strain amplitude, number of cycles or stacking fault energy, some interesting results which help to clarify the basic mechanism of fatigue damage were obtained. Furthermore, applicability of the scanning tunneling microscopy to fatigue damage is discussed.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제31권4A호
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• pp.295-302
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• 2011

초장대교 콘크리트 고주탑 시공시에 사용되고 있는 슬립폼 시스템의 상승속도를 결정하는 요소인 초기경화시간은 콘크리트가 거푸집에서 안전하게 빠져나올 수 있는 굳기를 갖게 되는 콘크리트 타설 후 경화시간으로서, 배합 시 단위시멘트량 및 타설시 여러 현장 환경에 크게 영향을 받으므로, 콘크리트 타설 전에 초기경화시간을 정확히 파악하는 것은 매우 어렵다. 따라서 슬립폼 시스템의 안전성 확보 및 콘크리트면의 유지관리 문제가 발생하지 않도록 초기경화시간 결정을 위한 콘크리트 경화정도를 파악하는 기술이 필요하다. 더구나 슬립폼 공법은 연속적인 시공이 이루어지므로 거푸집 탈형 전 콘크리트의 경화정도를 연속적으로 파악할 수 있어야 한다. 초음파를 이용한 기법은 콘크리트면에 초음파를 투과시켜 투과된 신호를 측정 및 분석하는 방법으로 정량적이며 연속적으로 콘크리트의 경화정도를 파악할 수 있다. 특히 표면파 속도를 이용하는 기법은 표면을 따라 전파하는 표면파의 특성을 이용한 것으로서 표면파 속도의 변화를 통해 콘크리트 경화정도를 알 수 있으며, 주탑과 같이 두께가 두꺼운 콘크리트 구조물에 적용이 적합하다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 표면파 속도를 이용하여 콘크리트의 경화정도를 추정함으로서 슬립폼 시스템의 상승속도를 결정하는 연구를 수행하였다. 먼저 슬립폼 시스템 상승속도와 초기경화시간과의 관계식을 유도하였으며, 표면파 진행문제의 수치해석 결과를 연속웨이블릿변환 하여 표면파 속도를 추정하였다. 이때 탄성파 발생위치와 두 개의 수신점 거리에 따른 추정된 표면파 속도의 정밀도를 조사하였으며, 추정된 표면파 속도와 탄성계수와의 관계를 조사하였다.

• 한국윤활학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국윤활학회 1999년도 제29회 춘계학술대회
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• pp.67-72
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• 1999

Scanning probe Microscope(SPM) such as Scanning Tunneling Microscope(STM) and Atomic Force Microscope(AFM) was shown to be the powerful tool for nano-scale characterization of material surfaces Using this technique, surface morphology of the cyclically deformed Cu or Cu-Al single crystal was observed. The surface became proportionately rough as the number of cycles increased, but after some number of cycles no further change was observed. Slip steps with the heights of 100 to 200 nm and the widths of 1000 to 2000 nm were prevailing at the stage. The slipped distance of one slip system at the surface was not uniform. and formation of the extrusions or intrusions was assumed to occur such place. By comparing the morphological change caused by crystallographic orientation, strain amplitude, number of cycles or stacking fault energy, some interesting results which help to clarify the basic mechanism of fatigue damage were obtained. Furthermore, applicability of the scanning tunneling microscopy to fatigue damage is discussed.

• 로봇학회논문지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.186-192
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• 2015

This paper proposes a robust balance and driving control for omni-directional ball robot(generally called ball-bot) with two axis mecanum wheel. Slip between ball and mecanum wheel actuator inevitably occurs along diagonal axis due to its instantaneous strong torque. In order to reduce and saturate slip, exact distance calculation scheme especially for rotational movement is essential. So this research solved Euler-Lagrange dynamics for proposed two axis ball robot based on practical mechanical modeling. Robust balance control was carried out by PID controller according to the pitch and roll angles of ball robot by using sensor fusion between AHRS and wheel encoder. Proposed PID controller enhances stability by reducing steady state error and settling time. Proposed slip control algorithm for omni-directional ball robot has been demonstrated by experiments for balance control and arbitrary driving control.

• 한국원자력학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국원자력학회 2004년도 추계학술발표회 발표논문집
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• pp.849-850
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• 2004

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.2891-2898
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• 2015

전자기장 효과를 이용한 준설토 장거리 이송기술이 개발되었다. 개발 기술의 효과를 정량적으로 평가하기 위해 계측 시스템을 이용하여 측정한 유속분포와 압력강하를 중심으로 전자기장 도입으로 인한 효과를 판단하였다. 대체 물질에 의한 실내실험과 실제 준설현장에서 장거리 이송기술을 적용해본 결과, 펌프만 사용하여 이송하는 경우보다 평균유속은 물론, 특별히 마찰층에서 속도증가가 있는 것을 확인하였다. 준설토 이송시, 이송관에 전자기장을 인가시켜줌으로써, 마찰층에서의 이송 저항을 감소시켜 전체적으로 속도를 증가시킴으로 인해 파이프에 의한 장거리 이송시 관내 압력강하를 줄이고, 유속을 증가시켜서 15km이상의 장거리 이송이 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.253-266
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• 2020

The extended slip-weakening model was investigated by using a compiled set of source-spectrum-related parameters, i.e. seismic moment M_o, S-wave velocity V_s, corner-frequency f_c, and source-controlled high-cut frequency fmax, for 113 shallow crustal earthquakes (focal depth less than 25 km, M_W 3.0~7.5) that occurred in Japan from 1987 to 2016. The investigation was focused on the characteristics of stress drop, radiation energy-to-seismic moment ratio, radiation efficiency, and fracture energy release rate, G_c. The scaling relationships of those source parameters were also investigated and compared with those in previous studies, which were based on generally used singular models with the dimensionless numbers corresponding to f_c given by Brune and Madariaga. The results showed that the stress drop from the singular model with Madariaga's dimensionless number was equivalent to the breakdown stress drop, as well as Brune's effective stress, rather than to static stress drop as has been usually assumed. The scale dependence of stress drop showed a different tendency in accordance with the size category of the earthquakes, which may be divided into small-moderate earthquakes and moderate-large earthquakes by comparing to M_o = 10¹⁷~10¹⁸ Nm. The scale dependence was quite similar to that shown by Kanamori and Rivera. The scale dependence was not because of a poor dynamic range of recorded signals or missing data as asserted by Ide and Beroza, but rather it was because of the scale dependent V_r-induced local similarity of spectrum as shown in a previous study by the authors. The energy release rate G_c with respect to breakdown distance D_c from the extended slip-weakening model coincided with that given by Ellsworth and Beroza in a study on the rupture nucleation phase; and the empirical relationship given by Abercrombie and Rice can represent the results from the extended slip-weakening model, the results from laboratory stick-slip experiments by Ohnaka, and the results given by Ellsworth and Beroza simultaneously. Also the energy flux into the breakdown zone was well correlated with the breakdown stress drop, ${\tilde{e}}$ and peak slip velocity of the fault faces. Consequently, the investigation results indicate the appropriateness of the extended slip-weakening model.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.120-127
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• 2007

This paper describes the development of a nonlinear observer for four wheel steer (4WS) vehicle. An observer is designed to estimate the vehicle variables difficult to measure directly. A brake yaw motion controller (BYMC), which uses a PID control method, is also proposed for controlling the brake pressure of the rear and inner wheels to enhance lateral stability. It induces the yaw rate to track the reference yaw rate, and it reduces a slip angle on a slippery road. The braking and steering performances of the anti-lock brake system (ABS) and BYMC are evaluated for various driving conditions, including straight, J-turn, and sinusoidal maneuvers. The simulation results show that developed ABS reduces the stopping distance and increases the longitudinal stability. The observer estimates velocity, slip angle, and yaw rate of 4WS vehicle very well. The results also reveal that the BYMC improves vehicle lateral stability and controllability when various steering inputs are applied.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.19-27
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• 2017

In this paper, a simulator hardware and control design for an electronic parking brake (EPB) are proposed for emergency vehicle braking when the hydraulic break and anti-lock brake systems (ABS) fail to function. EPB systems are designed specifically for park braking and are usually installed on the rear wheels. However, in an emergency situation when all vehicle brake systems fail, the EPB can be utilized to stop the vehicle and track the target slip ratio as the ABS. This paper analyzed the non-linear EBP of the type of motor on caliper (MoC) based on experiments. A simulator hardware is also designed to validate the performance of the designed EPB controller in terms of braking distance and performance in tracking the target slip ratio. Through the experimental analysis, it is confirmed that a sliding mode controller can be applied on a non-linear EPB to track the target slip ratio.