• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.347-350
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• 2006

The objective of this study was to investigate the possible effects of oral administration of single cell products (SCP) of apple on activating peritoneal macrophages. Apples were processed either for cold-pressed juice or SCP, which were produced by incubating sliced apples with a protopectinase, Sumyzyme MC. Both cold-pressed juice and SCP of apple were administered to C57BL/6 mice for 10 days to compare their efficacy, along with the control group, in stimulating peritoneal macrophages. The viability of macrophages was significantly increased by up to 161% of that of the control following the administration of apple SCP, whereas the viability of macrophages was increased to a lesser extent of up to 143% in the apple juice (AJ) administered group. Administration of apple SCP also induced a significantly higher production of $H_2O_2$ from macrophages (317% of the control) than that of cold-pressed AJ (210%). Although nitric oxide (NO) production was not increased by the administration of either AJ or SCP, the latter slightly but significantly increased tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ ($TNF-{\alpha}$) production from macrophages from 560.4 to 579.8 pg/mL. The results of this study suggest that administering SCP is more efficient than administering AJ to stimulate functions of peritoneal macrophages.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.14-19
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• 2024

"Chamgreen" was a domestically developed rye (Secale cereal L.) cultivar in South Korea, known for its quick heading, cold resistance, and abundant yield of forage. The heading date of cv. 'Chamgreen' averaged April 17th, which was 4 days earlier than the standard cv. 'Gogu'. In the early harvesting stage, the plant height reached an average of 119 cm, 7 cm taller than the standard cv. 'Gogu', and the number of spikes per m² was 865, slightly less than cv. 'Gogu's 897. Resistance to cold and powdery mildow remained consistent across four regions nationwide over three years, with an average rating of 0, matching cv. 'Gogu'. Lodging resistance was also rated at 2, equivalent to cv. 'Gogu'. The dry matter yield of cv. 'Chamgreen' was 9.1 tons per hectare, 15% higher than cv. 'Gogu's 7.9 tons. Although the protein content in cv. 'Chamgreen' was 13.5%, 1.6% lower than cv. 'Gogu', the total digestible nutrients (TDN) content was 5.81 tons per hectare, 20% higher than cv. 'Gogu'. Due to its strong cold resistance, cv. 'Chamgreen' allows for winter cultivation through double cropping and rotation systems in various regions across the country.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.181-186
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• 1995

The contents of sucrose and reducing sugars of cotyledons and hypocotyls of Ricinus communis L were increased slightly during cold treatment at $4^{\circ}C$. The concentration of total amino acids was increased continuosly during cold treatment. But the contents of hydrophilic amino acids, Asp/Asn, Glu/Gln, Thr, Ser, Ala and cationic amino acids, Arg and Lys were varied dramatically with the cold treated time. The cold treatment induced 24, 52, 54, 55, 56 and 73.5kD of proteins in cotyledons and 55, 56 and 73.5kD of proteins in hypocotyls. 24, 42, 49 and 52kD of proteins in cotyledons and hypocotyls were boiling stable. They were not denatrated by boiling at $100^{\circ}C$.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.51-57
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• 2021

Objects : In this study, I aimed to determine the size and administration Method of pills preparation in Treatise on Cold Damage Diseases. Methods : I investigated the Treatise on Cold Damage Diseases, Newly Revised Materia Medica, Variorum of the Classic of Materia Medica, The Korean Herbal Pharmacopoeia, and recent studies. Results : There were four kinds of pills preparation. Each size of pill preparation was equal to the Odongja, Tanwhan, Yolk, and quarter of daily dosage of Decoction. One pill of Tanwhan was equivalent to 16 pills of Odongja, and one Yolk was equal to 40 pills of Odongja. The Diameter of Odongja was 6.5 mm, Tanwhan was 16.37897 mm, and Yolk was 22.11484 mm. Jeodangwhan was equal to one quarter daily dosage of Jeodangtang. Maximum size to swallow with water was Odongja and daily dosage, which was 16 pills, includes one square-inch-spoon of powder preparation. When we made the pill preparation, it is difficult to make 16 pills using one square-inch-spoon of powder. Therefore, Zhang Zhongjing made one dosage started from 10 pills to 20 pills to find out optimum dose. Due to the difficulty of making precise size of pills and considerable amount of daily dosage, there was no smaller size than Odongja. When the size of Pill preparation was larger than Odongja, it was ground or boiled slightly to make suspensions. Conclusions : These results suggest that the sizes of Pill preparation in the Treatise on Cold Damage Diseases were true compared with reality.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.7-12
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• 1988

In the view of the fact that data are scare concerning the change of Methionine composition of poultry meat in function of storage temperature and cooking method. The present study was carried out to change in these compounds and the results were summarized as follows. 1. The result of measuring methionine compound of raw material stored under the condition of 5$^{\circ}C$, 1$0^{\circ}C$ for 6 weeks were increased as temperature increases. 2. The result of change in methionine compound of roasting were decreased than raw material It was greatly decreased in the storage for 42 days at 1$0^{\circ}C$ and slightly decreased in the storage for 14 days at 5$^{\circ}C$ 3. When the boiling in the water, methionine compound was decreased than roasting to compare with raw material 4. By the results of this study, one of the best cooking method is roasting, because of the change in methionine compound of roasting is slightly decrease.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.47-52
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• 1981

In the view of the fact that data are scare concerning the change of Methionine composition of poultry meat in function of storage temperature and cooking method. The present study was carried out to change in these compounds and the results were summarized as follows. 1. The result of measuring Methionine compound of Raw material stored under the condition of $5^{\circ}C$, $10^{\circ}C$ for 6 weeks were increased as temperature increases. 2. The result of change in Methionine compound of Roasting were deceased than Raw material It was greatly decreased in the storage for 42 days at 1$0^{\circ}C$ and slightly decreased in the storage for 14 days at $5^{\circ}C$. 3. when the Boiling in the water, Methoinine compound was decreased than Roasting to compare with Raw material 4. By the results of this study, one of the best cooking method is Roasting, Because of the change I Methionine compound of Roasting is slightly decrease.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.2 no.1_2
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• pp.11-15
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• 1953

Two flavons, which are a new flavon (the Authors are going to call it "CLEMATISIN") and a yellow crystalline flavon, are isolated from leaves of Clematis brachura Maxim. Clamatisin : A colorless needle crystal which has a Slightly sweet taste, mp 225 .deg.C (decomp). It is positive (Cherry red) for the Mg-HCl(Hg) reaction and is positive (purple) for the $FeCL_{3}$ reagent. It is soluble easily in methanol, ether, acetone, prydine, ethylacetate, hot water and alkali-solutions. It is soluble slightly in cold water and is insoluble in chloroform, benzene and toluence. According to the results of elementry analysis and molecular weight determination the formula of clematisin agrees with $C_{18}H_{18}O_{7}$ when dried at $80^{\circ}C$, crystalline clematisin (from water) contains one molecule of crystalline water. The following derivatives are prepared ; Clematisin-oxim; a colorless needle crystal, mp 215-216 .deg.C, Clematisin methylate; prepared by diazomethan. mp 191-$192^{\circ}C$ a colorless needle crystal. Acethylmethylate; a colorless powder, It is not sharp in melting point and melts at approximately $215^{\circ}C$, Yellow Crystalline Flavon; mp 285-$286^{\circ}C$ (dexo-mp.), yellow needle crystal. It has a slightly sweet teste and shows positive reaction Acetate; a colorless needle crystal, mp $168^{\circ}C$.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.1001-1010
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• 1991

본 연구에서는 천이유동의 존재를 밝히고 천이영역과 경사각의 관계, 유동 및 열전달특성을 구명하고자 한다.이를 위해 유한차분방법(FDM)으로 수치해석하고 실 험결과와 비교, 검토하였다.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.97-108
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• 2012

Objectives : To demonstrate the importance of syndrome differentiation in clinical research of herb medication, through the comparative study on efficacy and safety of herb medication according to cold-heat tendency of OA knee patients. Methods : During December 2010 to July 2011, 138 knee OA patients were randomly assigned to WIN-34B 600mg(300mg, b.i.d.), 1,200mg(600mg, b.i.d.) and placebo b.i.d. for 8 weeks. Patient were re-classified into cold-heat tendency group according to cold-heat questionnaires. To investigate efficacy and safety, we assessed the 100mm pain VAS at baseline and 8 weeks later, and we monitored adverse event of patients during treatment period. Results : 1. Efficacy study : In WIN-34B 1,200mg group, VAS mean changes of heat tendency group showed slightly increase than those of cold tendency, but no significant difference within two groups. In heat tendency group, WIN-34B 1,200mg group showed a significant decrease of VAS compared to placebo group. but there were no significant difference in cold tendency group. 2. Safety study; In WIN-34B 600mg group, incidence of adverse events of cold tendency group was higher than those of heat tendency, but not in WIN-34B 1,200mg group. Conclusions : This study suggests that WIN-34B tend to have more efficacy in heat tendency-knee OA patients and WIN-34B is safe drug relatively, regardless of cold-heat tendency. In further clinical research on efficacy and safety of WIN-34B, stratification using syndrome differentiation is required.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.171-176
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• 2006

This experiment was carried out to breed the cold-tolerant variety of Italian ryegrass(Lolium multiflorum Lam.) in Grassland and Forages Division, National Livestock Research Institute, RDA, Suwon from 1987 to 2005. New variety, Kowinner as a tetraploid variety was dark green in leaf color and growth habit in autumn and early spring was semi-prostrate and medium, respectively Kowinner as a medium or late-heading variety was 19th May in heading date. Flag leaf length of Kowinner was 29 cm that was the same as control variety, Hwasan 101. Length of longest stem and plant length of Kowinner were 70 cm and 97 cm that was longer 3 cm than those of Hwasan 101, respectively. Stem width of Kowinner was thicker than that of Hwasan 101. Expecially, Kowinner was very good in regrowth. Cold tolerance of Kowinner was slightly weaker than that of Hwasan 101 and slightly stronger than that of Florida 80. Dry matter(DM) yield(12,884 kg/ha) of Kowinner was 8% more than that of Hwasan 101. In vitro dry matter digestibility and total digestible nutrient(TDN) of Kowinner were 76.2 and 63.3% that was 1.6 and 0.4% lower than those of Hwasan 101, respectively.