• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.174-182
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• 2009

Purpose: The Mulliken's method is a one of the very excellent technique to correction of the unilateral cleft lip. It could decrease the need of additional operation and second operation by the early simultaneous correction of unilateral cleft lip and nasal deformity, at a time. Numerous procedures were advocated for the correction of nasal deformity, but with general dissatisfaction of the results, it became obvious that no one procedure is the ideal one. The authors have been operating on unilateral cleft lip by Mulliken's method and long term follow - up of postoperative result was evaluated. Methods: The authors have done long term follow - up of result in the 75 cases unilateral cleft lip patient, during 1 ~ 7 years. That was repaired by simultaneous correction of cleft lip and nasal deformity by Mulliken's method at the period from June, 1997 to December, 2007. The patients were unilateral complete cleft lip 39 cases, unilateral incomplete cleft lip 36 cases. In the severe complete cleft lip cases, lip adhesion operation was done before definite operation. The mean age of unilateral cleft lip operation was 3.2 months. Five anthropometric parameters, which were upper lip, cutaneous lip and vermilion mucosa height, nasal tip protrusion, columella length were measured by Sliding Vernier Caliper. The anthropometric analysis was performed preoperative and postoperative at 6 months, 3, 5 and 7 years and the results were com pared with those of age - matched, normal children. T - tests were used to analyze the differences between the measurements. Results: Long - term postoperative results were evaluated by anthropometrically. Most patients showed adequate growth of upper lip height, vermilion mucosa height and columella length. But nasal tip protrusion was relatively short compare with normal value. Incomplete cleft lip group was nearly normal growth results than complete cleft lip group. Conclusion: In conclusion, we could make harmonious Cupid's bow, natural philtrum and lip, appropriate nasal shape by Mulliken's method. But nasal tip protrusion was under the normal values on complete and incomplete group. And incomplete group was more good results than complete group. We have experienced repair of cleft lip by Mulliken's method with 75 cases of unilateral cleft lip patients and conclude that it was very useful and good method.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.1 no.4
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• pp.221-228
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• 1991

In this study we have investigated the sealing characteristics of glasses suitable for producing the magnetic gap of the ferrite head cores which have been widely used for VTR and computer magnetic heads. $PbO-B_2O_3$ g1asses were evaluated by measuring microhardness, thermal expansion coefficient and sliding wear resistance. Concentration distribution of elements at the interface was observed by WDS. wettability was measured by high temperature microscopy. The results were as follows ; 1. In sealing glasses of $PbO-B_2O_3$ system, thermal expansion coefficient and wear volume were increased with increasing PbO content, and were decreased with increasing $B_2O_3$ content. 2. The contact angle of $PbO-B_2O_3$ Systems was mainly influenced by PbO content. 3. The sealing temperature showed a tendency to decrease proportionally with the increase of the coefficient of thermal expansion. 4. The diffusion at the interface between Mn-Zn single crystal ferrite and sealing glasses of $PbO-B_2O_3$ system was dominated by small amount of diffusion of ferrite content into glass part, which was very little affected by sealing heat treatment time.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.425-431
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• 2015

LNG (liquefied natural gas) is considered the best alternative eco-fuel, and many studies on the LNG fuel system have been performed to use LNG as the fuel for ships. For the LNG fuel supply system, natural gas transfers from the vaporizer to the engine in the gaseous state with a temperature of $50^{\circ}C$ and a pressure of 35MPa. Therefore, a structural safety evaluation of the double-walled pipelines considering thermal load is essential. In this article, an uniaxial tensile test for super duplex stainless steel, material for double-walled pipe, according to the annealing time was carried out to analyze the thermal effect. In addition, thermo-structural analysis of the high temperature-high pressure double-walled pipe with fixed supports that are now used widely was carried out to evaluate the structural safety. To minimize stress concentration of the connection point between the support and inner pipe, the shapes of the new type support that can slip through inner pipe were proposed, and the supports which has best structural performance was selected using the results from the thermo-structural analyses of new supports and an analysis of the whole double-walled pipeline was performed to ensure structural safety. These results can be used as a database for the design of double-walled pipelines and sliding support.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.195-216
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• 2005

This study concerns especially Choryang-Weagwan which was the largest Japanese House left in Pusan through Chosun Dynasty.Choryang-Waegwan was known to have been jointly constructed by Korean and Japanese carpenters. Therefore, Weagwan was a place for exchange of architectural tradition (special features such as sliding door and straw mat) between Korean and Japan. Judging from this point of view, It is certain that mutual influences helped to shape architecture of Choryang-Weagwan. After establishment Choryang-Weagwan was gradually extended, owing to the prosperity of trade with Japan. But since late 18th century government of Chosun did not give as much care to maintaining Choryang-Weagwan as a result of deteriorating condition of commercial and diplomatic relations with Japan. From the beginning of Choryang-Weagwan construction, Superintendents of the construction were called Hun-do and Byl-cha, who acted as official interpreters as well. And, during construction works, they were called Gamdong-gwan. At the start of construction, Weagwan was built partly in Japanese-style by the carpenters from Tokugawa Shogunate. But as time passed, the participation rate of Japanese carpenters diminished gradually. After 1831, Japanese technician vanished extremely and repairing construction was continued by the Korean

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.95-105
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• 2020

In this study, using the CADMAS-SURF model, the characteristics of the wave pressures and the wave forces were analyzed according to the installation position of the parapet on top of the caisson, and the stability evaluation was carried out using estimated wave forces for the design wave condition. Numerical results show that adopting the rear-parapet reduces the front maximum wave pressures and wave forces, and the maximum wave pressure acting on the rear-parapet increases slightly compared to the front parapet, but the wave force acting on the rear-parapet has little effect on the stability of the breakwater due to the phase difference with the wave force acting on the front of the breakwater. In addition, impulsive wave pressures did not occur, as Yamamoto et al. (2013) pointed out the problem of the rear-parapet breakwater. As a result of the stability against sliding and overturning, it was estimated that the target safety factor of 1.2 could be secured by the self-weight of 13% less than the case of the front parapet. At this time, the maximum ground pressure was also reduced by 30%, and the applicability of the rear-parapet structure to the actual site was evaluated as high.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.163-177
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• 2019

As smartphones are getting widely used, human activity recognition (HAR) tasks for recognizing personal activities of smartphone users with multimodal data have been actively studied recently. The research area is expanding from the recognition of the simple body movement of an individual user to the recognition of low-level behavior and high-level behavior. However, HAR tasks for recognizing interaction behavior with other people, such as whether the user is accompanying or communicating with someone else, have gotten less attention so far. And previous research for recognizing interaction behavior has usually depended on audio, Bluetooth, and Wi-Fi sensors, which are vulnerable to privacy issues and require much time to collect enough data. Whereas physical sensors including accelerometer, magnetic field and gyroscope sensors are less vulnerable to privacy issues and can collect a large amount of data within a short time. In this paper, a method for detecting accompanying status based on deep learning model by only using multimodal physical sensor data, such as an accelerometer, magnetic field and gyroscope, was proposed. The accompanying status was defined as a redefinition of a part of the user interaction behavior, including whether the user is accompanying with an acquaintance at a close distance and the user is actively communicating with the acquaintance. A framework based on convolutional neural networks (CNN) and long short-term memory (LSTM) recurrent networks for classifying accompanying and conversation was proposed. First, a data preprocessing method which consists of time synchronization of multimodal data from different physical sensors, data normalization and sequence data generation was introduced. We applied the nearest interpolation to synchronize the time of collected data from different sensors. Normalization was performed for each x, y, z axis value of the sensor data, and the sequence data was generated according to the sliding window method. Then, the sequence data became the input for CNN, where feature maps representing local dependencies of the original sequence are extracted. The CNN consisted of 3 convolutional layers and did not have a pooling layer to maintain the temporal information of the sequence data. Next, LSTM recurrent networks received the feature maps, learned long-term dependencies from them and extracted features. The LSTM recurrent networks consisted of two layers, each with 128 cells. Finally, the extracted features were used for classification by softmax classifier. The loss function of the model was cross entropy function and the weights of the model were randomly initialized on a normal distribution with an average of 0 and a standard deviation of 0.1. The model was trained using adaptive moment estimation (ADAM) optimization algorithm and the mini batch size was set to 128. We applied dropout to input values of the LSTM recurrent networks to prevent overfitting. The initial learning rate was set to 0.001, and it decreased exponentially by 0.99 at the end of each epoch training. An Android smartphone application was developed and released to collect data. We collected smartphone data for a total of 18 subjects. Using the data, the model classified accompanying and conversation by 98.74% and 98.83% accuracy each. Both the F1 score and accuracy of the model were higher than the F1 score and accuracy of the majority vote classifier, support vector machine, and deep recurrent neural network. In the future research, we will focus on more rigorous multimodal sensor data synchronization methods that minimize the time stamp differences. In addition, we will further study transfer learning method that enables transfer of trained models tailored to the training data to the evaluation data that follows a different distribution. It is expected that a model capable of exhibiting robust recognition performance against changes in data that is not considered in the model learning stage will be obtained.

• Trans-
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• v.1
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• pp.21-44
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• 2016

Advertisement is composed with symbol and sign with messages trying to express. Especially, ad with dancer introduces goods or meaning of contents with the motion of dance. In this, contents of dance or motion of dancer contains symbol and sign, understanding how ad and dance are expressed meanings with which symbol and the symbolic meaning of dance or dancer on ad. To that end, this study is for analyzing expressed symbol with dance corresponds with the aim of ad and finding the way or attitude of how normal people accept dance by reevaluating symbolic meaning of dance itself. In this study, advertisement producer and director's related data is secured for understanding direction and intention of producer, and previous study related with the study purpose, image, and effect are analyzed for understanding image of dance as a physical sign on TV advertisement. With data from www.TVCF.co.kr. TV advertisement analysis is conducted only with four ads in 2008(Nam Kwang Eng. & Const Co., Lotte Dept. Store(premium sale/gift card), Hyundai Motor Company Santa Fe -Pilobolus) and one ad in 2011(PNS The zone Sash Italy Arena di Verona when dance was used for advertisement with the highest frequency per year. Also, based on considered important factors from repeatedly watching each advertisement, scenes where movement or motion of dancer and screen word is greatly changed are analyzed as a priority. Image analysis of dance is conducted with structure studies based on physical image(line, costume, expression) and dan image(type motion, qualitative feature, mood of dance). As a result, the symbolic dance image appeared in TV advertisement can be discussed as follows. First, symbol and sign of dance on advertisement corresponds with material objects of advertisement. For instance, on the TV advertisement where Lee Youngwoo appeared, his motion as a signifer means challenge for the future of Nam Kwang Eng. & Const Co., with fast turn, jump, assemble turning jump, and sliding. Second, physical image of dancer depending on intention of sender corresponds in general, but there are somewhat differences in image of dance. This makes people to unconsciously recognize symbolic image of dance on TV ad while they watch it at the same time. Especially, when it comes to advertisement, it exposes frequently with broadcasting of organized programs from a broadcaster, living long-time memory. It can be differ based on idea and character of each of receiver. Advertisement is a medium making people naturally adopt cultural art for ordinary people in their lives. Broadcasting public art from TV advertisement widely exposes pure art to people, which was only avaliable for minority, sublimating it as an art of public culture.

• The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.135-144
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study is that through production of phantom for respiration gated radiotherapy, assessing appropriacy of exposure dose for the therapy using RPM (Real-time Position Management). Materials and Methods: We located measurement object on the phantom for respiration gated radiotherapy made of 2 linear actuator, acrylic panel, stanchion, iron plate ets. to drive (up, down, front, back). Using 4D CT scan, we analyzed patient's respiration and reproduced the movement by computer. On the phantom, we located a 2D-Array (PTW) and an White water phantom (4.5 cm) and used DMLC (interval 2 cm) in the field size $10{\times}10\;cm$, then exposed 21EX X-ray 100 MU, in the case of phantom was (1) static (2) moving (3) gated using RPM respectively gantry $0^{\circ}$ and $90^{\circ}$ We measured with a 0.125 CC ionization chamber (PTW) on the phantom (7.5 cm) in the same condition. Results: Ionization chamber: There were within 0.3% of error with gating respiration and approximately 2% of error without gating in the same condition. 2D-Array: Gantry $90^{\circ}$, field size $10{\times}10\;cm$, using DMLC. There were within 3% of error with gating respiration and approximately 16% of error without gating. Conclusion: The phantom for respiration gated radiotherapy makes plans considering patient's movement, quantitative analysis of exposure dose and proper assessment therapy for IMRT patients using RPM possible.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.113-132
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• 1999

Recently in Korea, application of the soil nailing is gradually extended to the sites of excavations and slopes having various ground conditions and field characteristics. Design of the soil nailing is generally carried out in two steps, The First step is to examine the minimum safety factor against a sliding of the reinforced nailed-soil mass based on the limit equilibrium approach, and the second step is to check the maximum displacement expected to occur at facing using the numerical analysis technique. However, design parameters related to the soil nailing system are so various that a reliable design method considering interrelationships between these design parameters is continuously necessary. Additionally, taking into account the anisotropic characteristics of in-situ grounds, disturbances in collecting the soil samples and errors in measurements, a systematic analysis of the field measurement data as well as a rational technique of the optimum design is required to improve with respect to economical efficiency. As a part of these purposes, in the present study, a procedure for the optimum design of a soil nailing excavation wall system is proposed. Focusing on a minimization of the expenses in construction, the optimum design procedure is formulated based on the genetic algorithm. Neural network theory is further adopted in predicting the maximum horizontal displacement at a shotcrete facing. Using the proposed procedure, various effects of relevant design parameters are also analyzed. Finally, an optimized design section is compared with the existing design section at the excavation site being constructed, in order to verify a validity of the proposed procedure.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.339-345
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• 2013

This study is to derive from the required performances and the optimum mix proportion of the roof concrete placed in the in-ground LNG storage tank with a capacity of 200000 $m^3$, and propose the actual data for site concrete work. The concrete placing work without sliding and segregation in the fresh concrete condition is very important because the slope of domed roof is varied in the large range by its curvature. Also the control of hydration heat and the strength development at test ages are classified with massive section about 1.4 m thick and considered to the pre-stressing work and removal of air support after concrete placing work. Considering above condition, slump range is selected $100{\pm}25$ mm under the slope $20^{\circ}$ and $150{\pm}25$ mm over the slope $20^{\circ}$ s until 60 minutes of elapsed time. Also, the roof concrete is satisfied with compressive strength range including design strength at 91 days (30 MPa), pre-stressing work at 7 days (10 MPa), air support removal work at 21 days (14 MPa). Replacement ratio of limestone powder is determined by confined water ratio test and main design factors include water-cement ratio (W/C), sand-aggregate ratio and dosage of admixture. As test results, the optimum mix proportion of the roof concrete used low heat cement is as followings. 1) Replacement ratio of limestone powder 25% by confined water ratio test 2) Water-cement ratio 57.8% 3) Sand-aggregate ratio 42.0%. Also, test results for the adiabatic temperature rising test is satisfied with its criteria and shown the lower value compared to preceding storage tank (TK-13, 14). These required performances and the optimum mix proportion is to apply the actual construction work.