• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.57 no.1
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• pp.99-109
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• 2015

In the construction industry, the interest for recycling aggregates is rising as more people demand for alternatives due to lack of supply of natural aggregates and environmental problems. However, in order for recycled aggregates to be used in infrastructures, stability and other factors need to be verified. Therefore, the objective of this study is to analyze the sensitivity of soil properties to secure slope safety according to various heights of embankment when bottom ash and dredged soil mixture is applied in the embankment. In most cases, all heights were safe for the slide for the embankment whether the water level is full or sudden draw down. The result of the sensitivity analysis revealed that the unit weight of embankments is highest among all factors to be considered. However, the sensitivity of the unit weight became smaller and the sensitivity of the friction angle of embankments increased with the height of embankments. The sensitivity of factors of core materials is very small because the core has weaker physical properties than those of the embankment. The effect of the height for each factor is different for each slope and water levels. The sensitivity of the unit weight of embankments is most affected when the height is 60m in the upstream slope. To conclude, bottom ash and dredged soil mixture can be applied in the embankment and different factors must be considered in different scale because the sensitivity depends highly on the height of embankments.

• Medical Lasers
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.123-131
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• 2021

Optical imaging modalities with properties of real-time, non-invasive, in vivo, and high resolution for image-guided surgery have been widely studied. In this review, we introduce two optical imaging systems, that could be the core of image-guided surgery and introduce the system configuration, implementation, and operation methods. First, we introduce the optical coherence tomography (OCT) system implemented by our research group. This system is implemented based on a swept-source, and the system has an axial resolution of 11 ㎛ and a lateral resolution of 22 ㎛. Second, we introduce a fluorescence imaging system. The fluorescence imaging system was implemented based on the absorption and fluorescence wavelength of indocyanine green (ICG), with a light-emitting diode (LED) light source. To confirm the performance of the two imaging systems, human malignant melanoma cells were injected into BALB/c nude mice to create a xenograft model and using this, OCT images of cancer and pathological slide images were compared. In addition, in a mouse model, an intravenous injection of indocyanine green was used with a fluorescence imaging system to detect real-time images moving along blood vessels and to detect sentinel lymph nodes, which could be very important for cancer staging. Finally, polarization-sensitive OCT to find the boundaries of cancer in real-time and real-time image-guided surgery using a developed contrast agent and fluorescence imaging system were introduced.

• Journal of Korean Society of Disaster and Security
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.1-8
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• 2014

Smart Pole Measurement System was constructed with not only the core sensors of a GNSS receiver, a TRS sensor and a soil moisture sensor but supplementary installation of power supply and radio communication for monitoring steep slope sites. Also a data processing software for displacement extraction and visualization was developed. Smart Pole Measurement sensor is composed of a GNSS antenna at the top of the pole, a TRS sensor and a gyro sensor vertical below right of the antenna and a soil moisture sensor at the bottom of the pole. The sensor combination extracts not only ground combination in real time but transltion, slide, settlement and soil moisture content. This measuring/monitoring system which cosists of data receiving part, data collection/transfer part and data processing part was built to exercise their functions and then test measuring/monitoring was conducted by introducing artificial displacement and the results were analyzed to evaluate field applicability.

• Proceedings of the Microbiological Society of Korea Conference
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.118-118
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• 2008

The phylogenetic diversity of microbial communities in calcareous mats from Spearfish Creek, a freshwater stream located in the Black Hills of South Dakota, was examined using PCR-based 16S rDNA sequence analysis. In this study, two types of calcareous mats were compared: mature mats formed on the natural substrate of rock surfaces and developing mats on an artificial substrate of glass slides. Among 63 unique isolates from a clone library of 16S rRNA genes from mature mat samples, there were 8 phyla of Bacteria represented. The predominant phylum was Proteobacteria (48%), with the $\beta$ subclass being the largest group. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis of 16S rRNA genes from slide samples collected at intervals for four months showed considerable diversity of the microbial community from the earliest stages of community development. Amplicons isolated from DGGE gels and sequenced indicated that community succession has occurred without increasing microbial diversity. However, light microscopic analysis revealed a significant increase in microbial cell density throughout the community development. Scanning electron microscopy of mat samples provides evidence that diatoms are also important members of calcareous mat communities.

• Korean Journal of Transplantation
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.170-176
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• 2017

We need to establish an informative guideline to increase inter-institutional and inter-observer reproducibility of renal transplant diagnosis, and to improve the diagnostic ability of pathologists in Korea. A first nation-wide survey for renal transplant pathology was conducted by Renal Pathology Study Group of the Korean Society of Pathologists in 2016, to provide the continued excellence in the transplantation pathology laboratory, and to improve the diagnostic ability for the best treatment of transplant patients. This survey revealed the significant variations in scale, work load and biopsy indications for the renal transplant pathology in various institutions in Korea. The Banff classification were used by all institutions for the diagnosis of renal transplant pathology, but different formats were used: most institutions (70%) used the "2013 Banff classification" while the others were using "2007 Banff classification" (20%) or even older formats. In daily diagnostic practice of the renal allografts, difficulties that pathologists encounter were quite diverse due to different environments they work in. Most respondents agreed that standardized diagnostic practice guidelines, regular education on renal transplant pathology and convenient ways of consultation are further needed. We are currently working toward the enhancement of the expertise of renal pathologists and to increase inter-institutional and inter-observer reproducibility by 1) development of a set of virtual slides of renal allograft biopsies for the training, 2) validation and gathering expert's consensus on the core variables of rejection diagnosis by using virtual slides, and 3) continued education by the developed virtual slide atlas.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.29-41
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• 2001

Background : The appearance of multiple-drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains has been seriously compromising successful control of tuberculosis. Rifampin-resistance, caused by mutations in the rpoB gene, can be indicative of multiple-drug-resistance, and its detection is of great importance. The present study aimed to develop an oligonucleotide chip for accurate and convenient screening of drug-resistance. Methods : In order to detect point mutations in the rpoB gene, an oligonucleotide chip was prepared by immobilizing specific probe DNA to a microscopic slide glass by a chemical reaction. The probe DNA that was selected from the 81 bp core region of the rpoB gene was designed to have mutation sites at the center. A total of 17 mutant probes related to rifampin-resistance including 8 rifabutin-sensitive mutant probes were used in this study. For accurate determination, wild type probes were prepared for each mutation position with an equal length, which enabled a direct comparison of the hybridization intensities between the mutant and wild type. Results : Mycobacterial genomic DNA from clinical samples was tested with the oligonucleotide chip and the results were compared with those of the drug-susceptibility test in addition to sequencing and INNO-LiPA Rif. TB kit test in some cases. Out of 15 samples, the oligonucleotide chip results of 13 samples showed good agreement with the rifabutin-sensitivity results. The two samples with conflicting result also showed a discrepancy between the other tests, suggesting such possibilities as existence of mixed strains and difference in drug-sensitivity. Further verification of these samples in addition to more case studies are required before the final evaluation of the oligonucleotide chip can be made. Conlcusion : An oligonucleotide chip was developed for the detection of rpoB gene mutations related to drugsusceptibility. The results to date show the potential for using the oligonucleotide chip for accurate and convenient screening of drug-resistance to provide useful information in antituberculosis drug therapy.