• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.81-92
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• 2009

This study investigated the occurrence of residues derived animals produced during the process of slaughter and the subsequent channels of processing those residues derived animals; the status of recycling of these residues derived animals by recycling business is investigated to utilize the results as the basic data for management purposes. At present, animal slaughter is highly specialized and the residues derived animals obtained from the slaughter of animals are separated and dissected into different parts to serve as fodder and residual compost. Some of the residues derived animals obtained from slaughter, which are edible are utilized for edible purposes and those parts which are not edible such as horns, claws, fats etc. are confirmed to be recycled. Poultry residues derived animals are mostly recycled as single-component feed, used as original forms, residual compost whereas fish remains are recycled mostly as singlecomponent feed etc. Most of the companies that recycle residues derived animals are situated in provinces such as Jeollanamdo, Jeollabukdo, Gyeongsangnamdo, Gyeongsangbukdo, where many of the slaughterhouses are located. And many of these recylcing business find themselves in the vicinity of these slaughterhouse. Majority of these slaughterhouse are capable of processing residues derived animals in the range of 10~60 ton/day, which is quite small in terms of processing capacity. The problem encountered in the recycling of the residues derived animals is the occurrence of foul smell caused by the decomposition, for which appropriate measures have to be taken. The residues derived animals are on many occasions directly collected and transported to save costs and secure required amount of residues derived animals.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.280-289
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• 2015

Anaerobic digestion is an efficient and renewable energy technology that can produce biogas from a variety of biomasses such as animal manure, food waste and plant residues. In developing countries this technology is widely used for the production of biogas using local biomasses, but there is little information about the value of these biomasses for energy production. This study was therefore carried out with the objective of estimating the biogas production potential of typical Vietnamese biomasses such as animal manure, slaughterhouse waste and plant residues, and developing a model that relates methane ($CH_4$) production to the chemical characteristics of the biomass. The biochemical methane potential (BMP) and biomass characteristics were measured. Results showed that piglet manure produced the highest $CH_4$ yield of 443 normal litter (NL) $CH_4kg^{-1}$ volatile solids (VS) compared to 222 from cows, 177 from sows, 172 from rabbits, 169 from goats and 153 from buffaloes. Methane production from duckweed (Spirodela polyrrhiza) was higher than from lawn grass and water spinach at 340, 220, and 110.6 NL $CH_4kg^{-1}$ VS, respectively. The BMP experiment also demonstrated that the $CH_4$ production was inhibited with chicken manure, slaughterhouse waste, cassava residue and shoe-making waste. Statistical analysis showed that lipid and lignin are the most significant predictors of BMP. The model was developed from knowledge that the BMP was related to biomass content of lipid, lignin and protein from manure and plant residues as a percentage of VS with coefficient of determination (R-square) at 0.95.This model was applied to calculate the $CH_4$ yield for a household with 17 fattening pigs in the highlands and lowlands of northern Vietnam.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.45-54
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• 2002

Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point System (HACCP) is recognized worldwide as a science-based and systematic approach for food safety. This has been initiated to establish the HACCP system in Korean slaughterhouses by suggesting some of effective implementation ways. An awareness level survey using questionnaire for 124 owners and 363 employees of the slaughterhouses, and 170 government officers responsible for HACCP duties was performed. This study shows that only 34.7% of owners, 21.1% of employees, and 57.1% of government officers have good understanding of HACCP, but 93.5%, 88.9% and 93.6% respectively have the willingness of HACCP implementation. Major benefits in HACCP implementation in the slaughterhouse raised by respondents were improvement of hygiene level of the plant (54.1%), increase of meat sale (17.6%), pride of the production of safe meat for human consumption (9.6%) and increase of meat export (7.5%), while major obstacles were financial difficulties (33.2%), poor levels of the facilities and equipments in the plants (27.3%), poor level of personal hygiene (19.4%), and lack of understanding of HACCP (12.3%). The most urgent measures which respondents raised to implement HACCP system effectively in the slaughterhouses at the moment were the Improvement of levels of facilities and equipments in the plants (36.6%), the establishment of HACCP base through education and training (19%), special benefits to HACCP implementing plant (11.8%), and close relationship between government and the industry (10.3%). The present study shows some of effective ways to implement HACCP in slaughterhouses.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.424-431
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• 2007

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of short road transportation in an open truck during hot season on live weight shrink, physiological responses, and carcass and meat quality of Omani sheep at 6 and 12 months of age. Thirty-six male sheep, 18 of each age group, were used. Age groups were assigned randomly to transported and not-transported groups. The transported group was transported to the slaughterhouse the day of slaughter in an open truck covering a distance of approximately 100 km. The average temperature during transportation was $37^{\circ}C$. The not-transported group was kept in a lairage of a commercial slaughterhouse with ad libitum feed and water for 48 h prior to slaughter. Blood samples were collected from sheep before loading and prior to slaughter via jugular venipuncture to assess their physiological response to transport in relation to hormonal levels. Animals were weighed just before loading onto a truck and after transport to assess shrinkage. Muscle ultimate pH, expressed juice, cooking loss percentage, WB-shear force value, sarcomere length and colour L*, a*, b* were measured on samples from longissimus dorsi, biceps femoris and semitendinosus muscles collected at 24 h postmortem at $1-3^{\circ}C$. Live weight shrinkage losses were 1.09 and 1.52 kg for 6 and 12 month transported sheep, respectively. The transported sheep had significantly (p<0.05) higher cortisol, adrenaline, noradrenaline, and dopamine concentration levels prior to slaughter at both ages than the not-transported sheep. Transportation significantly influenced meat quality characteristics of three muscles. Muscle ultimate pH and shear force values were significantly higher, while CIE L*, a*, b*, expressed juice and cooking loss were lower in transported than not-transported sheep. Age had a significant effect on meat quality characteristics of Omani sheep. These results indicated that short-term pre-slaughter transport at high ambient temperatures can cause noticeable changes in physiological and muscle metabolism responses in sheep.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.241-248
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• 2010

The present study was conducted to investigate isolation and antimicrobial resistance ratio of E. coli, E. faecium and E. faecalis from feces(l50 samples) and carcasses (150 samples) on slaughtered pigs from 6 slaughterhouse of 13 cities in the Gyeongnam during the period from January 2009 to December 2009. Isolation ratio of E. coli from feces and carcasses were 98 (65.3%) and 110(73.3%), respectively, and simultaneously, E. faecalis and E. faecium from feces and carcasses were isolated 21 (14%), 52(34.7%) and 18(12%), 14 (9.3%), respectively. All E. coli isolated from feces and carcasses except cefepime (0%) and ceftiofur (0%) were exhibited 2.4~83.6% of resistance to teteracycline (83.6%), ampicillin (68.2%), streptomycin (60%), chloram-phenicol (53.8%) and cephalothin (2.4%). All E. faecalis isolated from feces and carcasses except penicillin(0%) and vancomycin (0%) were exhibited 2.7~80.8% of resistance to teteracycline (80.8%), quinupristin/dalfopristin (78%), erythromycin (56.1%), streptomycin (43.8%) and bacitracin (2.7%). All E. faecium isolated from feces and carcasses except gentamicin (0%), vancomycin (0%), florfenicol (0%), linezloid (0%) and bacitracin (0%) were exhibited 3.1~53.1% of resistance to rifampin (53.1%), erythromycin and tetracycline (25%), penicillin (15.6%), ciprofloxacin (9.3%), and streptomycin, chloramphenicol, and quinupristin/dalfopristin (3.1%). According to the heard size, resistance ratio of E. coli strains isolated from feces and carcasses in slaughtered pigs-breeding farms over 1,500 heard to tetracycline, ampicillin, streptomycin and chloramphenicol showed higher resistance ratio (1.0~16.8%) than those of farms-breeding under 1,500 heard. From the our results, we suggest that a few of antimicrobials were used in the Gyeongnam than the other cities.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.167-171
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• 2015

Pathogenic microorganisms were monitored on the chicken carcasses in slaughterhouse of Jeonbuk area. It was conducted to evaluate the microbiological quality on 204 chicken carcasses. Staphylococcus (S.) aureus was isolated in largest number and its ration was 41.2%, Salmonella spp. 6.4%, Campylobacter (C.)jejuni 7.4%, C. coli 7.4%. Serotype of Salmonella (S.) spp. was identified as S. Infantis 46.1%, S. Enteritidis 23.1%, S. Typhimurium 7.7%, S. Montevideo 7.7%. In breed chickens, Salmonella spp. was detected broiler 4.1%, white semi-broiler 8.0% Korean native chicken 12.0%. C. jejuni was isolated broiler 7.4%, white semi-broiler 12.0%, Korean native chicken 0%, C. coli, broiler 7.4%, white semi-broiler 0%, Korean native chicken 18.1% and S. aureus, broiler 38.8%, white semi-broiler 40.0%, Korean native chicken 51.5%.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.91-95
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• 1972

Investigation of leptospiral antibody in Korean cattle and pigs was carried out from February to October, 1971. Ten different living antigens, namely L. icterohaemorrhagiae, L. canicola, L. antumnalis, L. hebdomadis, L. australis A, L. pomona, L. pyrogenes, L. grippotyphosa, L. bataviae and L. javanica, were used. A total of 590 Korean cattle and 460 pig blood samples collected from Seoul Majang-dong slaughterhouse were tested by the rapid microscopic agglutination test. Throughout the studies the following results were obtained and summarized. 1. Of 590 serum samples of Korean cattle 51 were positive(8.64%). 2. Of 460 serum samples of pigs 27 were positive (5.87%). 3. Of 51 positive cattle samples, 29(4.92%) showed antibody to a serotype of L. icterohaemorrhagiae and 18(3.0%) to L. canicola, and 4 (0.68%) to L. pomona. Eight of L. icterohaemorrhagiae positive samples showed a cross reaction to L. canicola. 4. Of 27 positive pig samples, 14(3.04%) showed antibody to L. ictereohaemorrhagiae and 7(1.52%) to L. grippotyphosa. 4(0.87%) to L. canicola, 2(0.43%) to L. pomona. Two of L. canicola positive samples showed a cross reaction to L. grippotyphosa. 5. Serum samples of seven pigs, showing antibody positive to L. grippotyphosa were first observed in Korea. 6. Infection rate of bovine and porcine leptospirosis, in Korea, appeared to be lower than that of Japan, Taiwan, Thailand and the Philippines.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.524-532
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• 2015

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of high post-mortem temperature application on development of pale, soft, exudative (PSE) turkey meat characteristics in terms of local slaughter conditions. Within this scope, it was targeted to obtain PSE-like muscles benefiting from different post-mortem temperature applications. Immediately after slaughter, turkey Pectoralis major (n=15) muscles were kept at various post-mortem temperatures (0, 10, 20, 30, and 40℃) for 5 h. pH values of 40°C treatment were lower than four other treatments (p<0.05). L* values, drip loss, cook loss, and thawing loss of 40℃ group were higher than the other groups (p< 0.05). Napole yield of 40℃ treatment indicated that high post-mortem temperature decreases brine uptake. Protein solubility of 40℃ group was lower than 0℃ group (p<0.05). Expressible moisture did not differ between 0 and 40℃ treatments. Hardness, gumminess and chewiness of 40℃ treatment were higher than 0℃ treatment. The results of this research showed that high post-mortem temperature treatment induced development of PSE-like turkey meat, with lower pH, paler color, higher technological and storage losses, and reduced protein solubility and texture.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.600-605
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• 1999

For the production of angiotensin I converting enzyme inhibitory peptides as a material for antihypertensive functional foods from animal blood produced in slaughterhouse, the optimum condition for enzymatic hydrolysis to yield a peptide fraction of the highest activity were investigated with a respect of industrial production. Among several industrially-usable enzymes tested, $Alcalase^？$ produced hydrolysates of the highest activity from total plasma and purified albumin. $IC_50$ values of albumin hydrolysate and its third fraction separated by gel chromatography were 0.5 and 0.02 mg/mL, respectively. The fraction was found to be obtained by a simple ultrafiltration using a membrane of MW cutoff 1,000. The possibility for the industrial production of antihypertensive peptides from animal blood plasma protein was suggested.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.23-29
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• 1999

The objectives of the study were to establish sperm separation method and duration of insemination for bovine IVF. Oocytes from slaughterhouse ovaries were matured and fertilized using general protocol. After 18 or 42 h of insemination, six to ten embryos were placed into a 30${mu}ell$ drop of each medium, and the embryos were examined 7~10d post in semination without medium renewal. First, we compared Percoll gradient will swim-up technique for sperm separation. There was no difference in cleavage rates between them, but the development rates over morula stage of oocytes fertilized with sperm separated by Percoll gradient was significantly higher than that sperm selected by swim-up technique (p<0.05). Second, we evaluated development of bovine embryos derived from the IVF procedure with different durations(18 vs 42 h) of fertilization. There was also no difference in cleavage rates, but the development to blastocyst stage of oocytes exposed in cleavage rates, but the development to blastocyst stage of oocytes exposed to sperm for 42 h was significantly higher than that exposed for 18 h (p<0.05). In conclusion, Percoll gradient can be used for sperm selecton, improving of embryonic development. Also, 42h of IVF may improve the development of bovine embryos.