• ETRI Journal
• /
• 제35권1호
• /
• pp.7-17
• /
• 2013

The ongoing proliferation of new services, applications, and contents is leading the Internet to an architectural crisis owing to its inability to provide efficient solutions to new requirements. Clean-slate architectures for the future Internet offer a new approach to tackle current and future challenges. This proposal introduces a novel clean-slate architecture in which the TCP/IP protocol stack is decoupled in basic functionalities, that is, atomic services (ASs). A negotiation protocol, which enables context-aware service discovery for providing adapted communications, is also specified. Then, we present how ASs can be discovered and composed according to requesters' requirements. In addition, a media service provisioning use case shows the benefits of our framework. Finally, a proof-of-concept implementation of the framework is described and analyzed. This paper describes the first clean-slate architecture aligned with the work done within the ISO/IEC Future Network working group.

• Architectural research
• /
• 제13권2호
• /
• pp.31-40
• /
• 2011

Asbestos have been used around the world by physical and chemical characteristics that are a reliable and cost-effective. But asbestos, once called the miracle of mineral, is now a quiet time bomb. Asbestos hazards have been studied and the government has pursued 'Comprehensive Measures for Asbestos Management' jointly with related departments. As a part of plan, Ministry of Environment is to introduce legislation 'Asbestos Safety Management Act' through Environment Announcement No. 2010-108. The same Act. 24 shows as follows. Minister of Environment or governor should do survey on the actual condition targeting rural buildings with slates and partly or fully fund to dissolve, remove asbestos slate which was used in each building. However, the local survey was only conducted by each municipality regionally. And there is no actual condition data by area, application and year, and there was no data on disposal costs concerning asbestos slate buildings In this study, discharge of asbestos slate was calculated per unit area and formula was developed with regression analysis. In addition, Demolition, dismantling, disposal costs were computed via a phone survey to disposal companies and then this study proposed standards for this.

• 한국안전학회지
• /
• 제29권6호
• /
• pp.137-143
• /
• 2014

Asbestos is given to a variety of six naturally occurring silicate minerals. These minerals possess high tensile strength, flexibility, resistance to chemical and thermal degradation, and electrical resistance. These minerals have been used for decades in thousands of commercial products, such as insulation and fireproofing materials, automotive brakes, textile products, cement and wallboard materials. When handled, asbestos can separate into microscopic-size particles that remain in the air and are easily inhaled. It is now known that prolonged inhalation of asbestos fibers can cause serious and fatal illnesses including malignant lung cancer, mesothelioma, and asbestosis. Therefore the use of asbestos and asbestos products has dramatically decreased in recent years. Also all constructions including asbestos should be removed under strictly controlled conditions and very tightly implemented health & safety management systems. In this study, the process of the removal work of the asbestos cement slate was analyzed by IDEF-0 modeling and evaluated by 4M risk assessment method. The results show that removal work of the asbestos cement slate was classified five process and eighteen detail process. The risk of safety side the higher than the risk of health side in 4M risk assessment.

• 한국환경보건학회지
• /
• 제14권2호
• /
• pp.13-27
• /
• 1988

Two asbestos slate manufacturing and seven asbestos textile plants in Korea were surveyed from May 20 to July 2, 1987. The purposes of this study were to evaluate 1) worker exposure to asbestos, 2) compliance to the standards and 3) the efficiency of existing local exhaust systems. Sixty-two personal samples and eighty-three area samples were collected and analyzed using "NIOSH 7400" method. Results of this study were as follows. 1. The asbesots exposure concentrations in asbestos textile plants were 1.3 - 14.3 fibers/cc(geometric mean(GM), 4.4 fibers/cc). 2. Worker exposure level to asbestos fiber in asbestos slate manufacturing industry was 0.21 fibers/cc during wet processing, which is below the Korean Standard of 2 fibers/cc. 3. Most local exhaust systems installed in asbestos textile plants were inadequately designed. 4. Ninety-six percent of the 145 samples exceeded the U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) of 0.2 fibers/cc and forty-nine percent of the samples exceeded the Korean Standatd of 2 fibers/cc.

• 지구물리와물리탐사
• /
• 제17권2호
• /
• pp.49-57
• /
• 2014

금산지역 항공 자력자료에 대하여 2차원 수치모델링 및 역산조합으로 구한 사전정보를 이용하는 3차원 자력역산을 수행하고 지질정보와 대비하여 함우라늄 층과 여타 옥천누층군 단위 암상에 대응하는 자기감수율의 공간적 분포특성을 고찰하였다. 체적당 자기감수율 분포 및 수평 슬라이스 시각화를 통해 흑색셰일형 함우라늄층인 흑색 점판암과 대응하는 자력이상 값은 우라늄 광화대와 전체적으로 양호한 상관관계를 보여주었다. 회색 혼펠스층 우라늄 광화대의 간접 지시자인 마전리층 및 암회색 점판암층 역시 석영반암 경계에서부터 동남쪽으로 발달하는 자력선구조 특성을 잘 보여주었다. 인접한 강한 자기감수율 이상을 보여주는 암회색 점판암과 분리하여 인지 가능한 함우라늄 흑색 점판암층의 최대 깊이는 고도 306m 기준으로 약 150m 안팎으로 판단하였다. 한편, 흑색 점판암층 남쪽의 마전리층은 다소 높은 자기감수율 분포를 보여주나 자기감수율의 공간적 변동이 심한 특징을 보이며 관입암인 주라기 화강암은 낮은 자기감수율 특성을 보여주는 반면, 백악기 화강암은 상대적으로 높은 자기감수율 특성을 나타내었다.

• 시멘트 심포지엄
• /
• 2호
• /
• pp.61-66
• /
• 1975

• 한국산업보건학회지
• /
• 제20권2호
• /
• pp.88-93
• /
• 2010

To confirm and quantify asbestos fibers released from the asbestos-cement slate roofs due to weathering, three houses, selected based on the year of built - 60's, 70, and 80's, were investigated. All of them were located in the downtown of Seoul. Rain or snow-melt water was collected from the roof in a 3.5 liter plastic bottle. A known amount of collected water was filtered on the 37 mm membrane filter, ashed in a muffle furnace, and subsequently treated with HCl to remove organic material. The treated remaining was refiltered on a 25mm membrane filter for PLM and PCM analyses. The NIOSH 7400 method was utilized for PCM counting. In addition, SEM/EDX was used to confirm the asbestos types. The results of this study showed that chrysotile fibers were confirmed by PLM in all samples analyzed. A significant amount of asbestos fibers were found in the water samples. The ranges of asbestos fibers counted from the samples collected in the 60's, 70's, and 80's were; 10,406.3~55,575.6 f/L, 5,218.8~38,126.2 f/L, and 2,906.3~7,798.6 f/L, respectively. As anticipated, concentrations of asbestos fibers increased with time of installment of the roofing material. We conclude that weathering can be a significant factor on the release of asbestos fibers from the asbestos cement products. Since asbestos fibers released into environment can be a source of significant health hazard, countermeasures, such as replacement, removal, and encapsulation of weathered asbestos slate, should be initiated immediately.

• 한국산업보건학회지
• /
• 제3권1호
• /
• pp.100-109
• /
• 1993

This study was performed to evaluate the asbestos exposure levels and variations in textile, brake lining manufacturing and slate manufacturing industries. For this study, fifteen plants of brake lining manufacturing industry, 7 plants of textile industry, and 2 plants of slate manufacturing industry were selected and surveyed. Geometric means (GMs) of airborne asbestos concentrations in textile, brake lining manufacturing, and slate manufacturing industries were 1.42 f/cc(0.07-6.1O f/cc), 0.19 f/cc(<0.01-2.67 f/cc) and 0.08 f/cc(0.02-0.67 f/cc), respectively. In textile industry overall GMs of airborne asbestos concentrations in plants with less than 50 workers and in plants with more than 50 workers were 1.60 f/cc and 0.3 f/cc, respectively. Therefore, the size of plant showed some difference in the airborne asbestos concentrations. Three out of 7(42.9%) exceed the Korean standard, 2 f/cc, and every plant exceed the USA standard, 0.2 f/cc of the OSHA-Permissible Exposure Level(OSHA-PEL). Especially, one plant showed the highest average concentration of 2.87 f/cc. In brake lining manufacturing industry, the plants with less than 50 workers showed 0.22 f/cc. The plants with more than 50 workers showed 0.18 f/cc. All plants showed the exposure level below the Korean standard. Five of 15 (33.3%) were above the OSHA-PEL. One plant showed the highest average concentraton of 0.84 f/cc. In slate manufacturing industry, the average exposure level was 0.08 f/cc, and all of the plants were below the Korean standard and the OSHA-PEL.

• 지질공학
• /
• 제24권1호
• /
• pp.137-146
• /
• 2014

연구지역의 지질은 흑색천매암, 석회암 및 함역천매암과 중생대 관입안인 흑운모화강암과 석영반암으로 구성되어 있다. 이 중 흑색천매암이 분포하는 구간에서 건설 중인 도로 사면에서 절토사면 현황도(face map)를 4월부터 6월까지 3개월간 작성하였으며 이때 탄질슬레이트 분포지 부근을 포함 사면 내에는 3-4개소에서 사면붕괴와 산 정상부에는 최고 3 m의 변위를 보이며 움직이고 있음이 확인 되었다. 사면 붕괴의 원인은 엽리 및 단층 등의 불연속면의 경사방향이 사면의 경사방향과 일치하는 곳에서 붕괴가 발생하였고 탄질 슬레이트는 빗물을 머금을 때 팽창성을 가짐도 붕괴가 일어나는 원인이다. 반면 본 사면의 도로 맞은편 사면에서는 같은 암상 및 지질구조 조건을 가지고 있으나 엽리 및 불연속면들의 경사 방향이 사면의 경사 방향과 반대방향이므로 안정된 사면을 유지하고 있다. 사면의 붕괴가 일어난 곳에서 안정화를 위해 절개 후 복구(cut and cover) 방법으로 도로의 양쪽 사면 사이 도로 상에 터널 구조물을 설치하여 절개식 터널(cut and cover tunnel)을 시공하였으며 시공 후 사면은 안정화 되었다.

• 한국조경학회지
• /
• 제28권2호
• /
• pp.85-96
• /
• 2000

If landscape is formed from quiet identity the place possesses, the problem of landscape in the garden Atlantique face the problem of the identity. Therefore, this study examined the identity of the garden Atlantique in the co-relationship between th garden and landscape. The garden 'Atlantique' was made on a rectangular slate roof at the Montparnasse station in Paris, France in 1994. The garden is bounded on all sides by the buildings of the mixed business and residential area that surround the station. Before the flat slate roof above the platform and parking structure was installed there was no garden. Because the slate roof area was the only area that the garden could be built, it was necessarily restricted in design and seems to have little or no visual relation to its surroundings. As two elements to understand the garden Atlantique, a recognition of esthetic system of landscape around and understanding of physical environment of the site are required. Therefore, this study tried to know how the physical elements of the garden makes the landscape in the relation with the environment and what kind of landscape can be seen in there through the poetics of landscape (une poetique du paysage) and the reculture (la reculture).