• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.13 no.3
• /
• pp.198-203
• /
• 2013

The purpose of this study is to investigate the scattered dose of X-ray at a distance of 30cm from the area to be examined when X-ray field is the most optimized and maximized when X-ray is performed on hand, skull and abdomen. As a result of scattered dose of X-ray on hand, skull and abdomen, first, when X-ray field was the most optimized upon adult X-ray examination, it was $0.08{\mu}Sv$, $4.39{\mu}Sv$ and $5.56{\mu}Sv$, respectively. When x-ray field was maximized, it was $0.58{\mu}Sv$, $33.47{\mu}Sv$ and $35.93{\mu}Sv$, respectively. Second, when X-ray field was the most optimized upon pediatric X-ray examination, it was $0.40{\mu}Sv$, $14.51{\mu}Sv$ and $18.86{\mu}Sv$, respectively. When x-ray field was maximized, it was $2.78{\mu}Sv$, $107.40{\mu}Sv$ and $117.52{\mu}Sv$, respectively(P<0.001). As a result, when the size of X-ray field was decreased down to be necessary and optimal upon X-ray examination, emission of scattered X-ray around specimen is reduced approximately 6-7 times as much as that when it was maximized.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
• /
• v.41 no.2
• /
• pp.63-69
• /
• 2011

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to evaluate a new technique for localizing impacted mesiodens using its horizontal magnification ratio on panoramic radiographs. Materials and Methods : Location-magnification equation of a panoramic equipment was obtained from horizontal magnification ratio of a metal ball which was located variable positions from the center of image layer at interval of 2 mm. Panoramic radiographs were obtained from a skull phantom with a metal ball which was a substitute for impacted mesiodens and was embedded 10mm(Group 1), 15mm(Group 2), and 20mm(Group 3) posterior to the central incisor. Each group obtained 7 panoramic radiographs at variable positions and one periapical radiograph. Three methods were used to estimate the actual width of the incisors and the balls which were used to calculate the magnification ratio. The methods included using the actual incisor width and the calculated ball width (Method 1), using the actual incisor width and the ball widths measured on periapical radiograph (Method 2), and using the incisor and the ball widths measured on periapical radiograph (Method 3). The location of the metal ball was calculated by using the location-magnification equation. Results : The smallest difference between the calculated and the actual distance was $0.1{\pm}0.7 \;mm$ in Group 1/ Method 3. The largest difference was $-4.2{\pm}1.6 \;mm$ in Group 3/Method 2. In all groups, method 3 was the most accurate. Conclusion : Quantitative localization of impacted mesiodens is possible by using panoramic radiograph.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.37-44
• /
• 1980

The usefulness of single, random measurements of serum FSH and LH in the diagnosis of primary amenorrhea by radioimmunoassay was investigated. The 16 patients were divided into 3 groups by the level of serum FSH and LH. The first group with increased level of serum FSH and LH is five patients, all of these are related to the acquired or congenital abnormality of the ovary. Further studies indicated include buccal smear, chromosome analysis, gynecography and laparosocopy. The second group with normal serum FSH and LH is nine patients, four patients of these are related to the developmental anomaly of the Mullerian duct and five patients are undo etermined origin. Further studies indicated include laparoscopy and gynecography. The third group with decreased serum FSH and normal or decreased serum LH is two patients, one of these is related to the pituitary function, isolated FSH deficiency, the other is undetermined origin. Further studies indicated include the pituitary function test, LH-RH stimulation test, skull radiography. Determination of serum FSH and LH levels does not permit a specific etiologic diagnosis of primary amenorrhea. However the serum levels of FSH and LH can be used to differentiate the principal area of the investigation and can be of assistance in choosing more specific testing procedures.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
• /
• v.26 no.5
• /
• pp.483-485
• /
• 2009

A 10-year-old, intact female Yorkshire terrier was presented with right side facial swelling for 3 days and periocular swelling had progressed over the last 24 hours. On physical examination, periocular and infraorbital swelling were observed around right maxillary region. Severe ocular discharge and protrusion of the 3rd eyelid were observed. The patient was diagnosed as periapical abscess around the root of right upper first molar based on the skull radiography. Affected tooth was extracted using closed technique. Systemic corticosteroid and antibiotic were administrated and topical corticosteroid/antibiotic combination was applied to the right eye six times a day for 10 days. Ten days after tooth extraction, clinical signs were disappeared completely.

• Proceedings of the KOR-BRONCHOESO Conference
• /
• 1993.05a
• /
• pp.99-99
• /
• 1993

Radiography of nasopharynx are routinely performed for nasopharyngeal soft tissue changes. Although CT scan is widely performed nowadays, the value of lateral neck radiograph is still important to detect the masses in the nasopharynx. The purpose of this study was to establish the constitution of the normal dimension of the nasopharyngeal soft tissue on the lateral neck radiograph and make a parameter of the nasopharyngeal soft tissue hypertrophy. We have made various measurements of the thickness of the nasopharyngeal soft tissue on the lateral skull films in 214 Korean adults (109 males and 104 females). We found that the diameter of the nasopharyngeal soft tissue was decreased by age and the value of males were always greater than that of females and the thickness of the roof was always less than the posterior wall.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
• /
• v.46 no.1
• /
• pp.63-68
• /
• 2016

Panoramic radiographs are a relatively simple technique that is commonly used in all dental specialties. In panoramic radiographs, in addition to the formation of real images of metal objects, ghost images may also form, and these ghost images can hinder an accurate diagnosis and interfere with the accuracy of radiology reports. Dentists must understand the formation of these images in order to avoid making incorrect radiographic diagnoses. Therefore, the present study sought to present a study of the formation of panoramic radiograph ghost images caused by metal objects in the head and neck region of a dry skull, as well as to report a clinical case in order to warn dentists about ghost images and to raise awareness thereof. An understanding of the principles of the formation of ghost images in panoramic radiographs helps prevent incorrect diagnoses.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
• /
• v.42 no.1
• /
• pp.1-7
• /
• 2019

In order to analyze the factors affecting incidence angle and incident point when conducting a general radiography using Sella Turcica, the length and width of the head bone according to age and gender, length and width of Sella Turcica, and the distance between the front and the top of EAM to Sella Turcica were measured. The subjects were 400 patients who underwent a Skull series. For statistical analysis, t-test and ANOVA analysis were conducted using SPSS Ver.22.0. For post-test, Duncan was conducted and if the results were 95% or more (p<.05), it was determined to be significant. As a result of this study, the average length of the head bone was 177.45 mm, where the males were 182.84 mm and the females were 172.05mm showing that males were measured longer (p<.001). The width of the head bone was 116.98mm on average, where the males were 119.18mm and the females were 114.77mm(p<.001) showing that males were measured longer. The average length of Sella Turcica was 4.59mm, where the males were 4.54mm(p<.001) and the females were 4.63mm(p<.001) showing that females were measured longer. The average length of Sella Turcica was 7.08mm, where the males were 7.01mm(p<.001) and the females were 7.16mm(p<.001) showing that females were measured longer. The general radiology examination of Sella Turcica at a medical facility should be conducted in consideration of age and gender in accordance with the characteristics of Koreans.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
• /
• v.38 no.3
• /
• pp.159-162
• /
• 2021

A 5-year-old, intact male, poodle dog with right external auditory canal obstruction and subaural mass was presented. Physical examination revealed that right external auditory canal opening was absent and right head tilt was identified. Aspiration in right subaural mass revealed a small amount of dark brown exudate. Streptococcus canis and Staphylococcus spp. were identified on the microbial culture. Radiography of the skull was revealed absence of air-filled ear canal at the right external ear canal (EEC) level. Computed tomography (CT) revealed well capsulated, hypoattenuated mass in the right EEC region. On the contrast enhanced CT images, rim enhancement around the mass and ear canal obstruction were identified. Fluid attenuated material filled with right bulla. Mild thickening of the right tympanic bulla wall with mild lytic lesion of the ventral wall were found. Based on the images findings, the case was tentatively diagnosed as right external auditory canal atresia with otitis media. Total ear canal ablation and lateral bulla osteotomy was performed. The entire ear canal was removed, numerous hair in the canal and the thickening wall were founded. Right ear canal was sent for histopathological evaluation and found to otitis externa. The patient was followed up for two weeks and there were no complications. This report described the CT diagnosis of right EEC atresia with otitis media rarely reported in small breed dogs.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
• /
• v.18 no.4
• /
• pp.335-344
• /
• 2024

In this study, we aim to investigate the correlation between the lateral images of Korean skulls and the angle between the OML and the Body of the Mandible. Additionally, we seek to provide criteria for the ease of positioning in clinical settings and establish standardized imaging procedures for the PNS Water's view examination. This study was conducted on a total of 202 patients who visited the radiology department of a general hospital and examined the skull lateral radiography. In addition to the patient images, skull phantoms were also utilized, and images were obtained using GC85A and EOS equipment. In this research, abbreviations related to the angle of the Body of Mandible were defined using PACS on lateral images. Measurements were taken for various angles, including ramus of mandible angle(RIA), accurate OML angle(TIA), OML and IR Angle(OIA), total mandibular length(TML), ramus height(RH), the angle between the pogonion, gonion, and condylion(MA). The validity of these measurements was confirmed using the skull phantom in the study. The age-specific average range for RIA was 22.67° to 26.04°, with measurements of 23.14° for males and 24.78° for females. The age-related mean ranges for TIA and OIA were 35.98° to 38.31° and 72.27° to 75.25°, respectively. For males, TIA was 36.74° and OIA was 72.73°, while for females, TIA was 36.43° and OIA was 73.38°. The age-dependent measurements for TML and RH ranged from 85.73 mm to 89.60 mm and 62.60 mm to 70.87 mm, respectively. Male values were 90.54 mm and 70.78 mm, while female values were 85.13 mm and 61.54 mm for TML and RH, respectively. The age-specific average range for MA was 55.95° to 58.63°, with measurements of 57.96° for males and 57.76° for females. Correlation analysis revealed a positive correlation between RIA and OIA, as well as between RIA and TIA. Based on the results of this study, which indicate a positive correlation between the angle of the Body of Mandible and the OML, it can be inferred that adjusting the mandible vertically to align with the imaging receptor may contribute to more accurate image acquisition during PNS Water's view examination. Therefore, it is believed that there is value in utilizing this relationship as a criterion for establishing new positioning standards, which could enhance the utility of a new positioning guide.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
• /
• v.46 no.3
• /
• pp.203-210
• /
• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate appropriate contrast reference values (CRVs) by comparing the contrast in phantom and clinical images. Materials and Methods: Phantom contrast was measured using two methods: (1) counting the number of visible pits of different depths in an aluminum plate, and (2) obtaining the contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) for 5 tissue-equivalent materials (porcelain, aluminum, polytetrafluoroethylene [PTFE], polyoxymethylene [POM], and polymethylmethacrylate [PMMA]). Four panoramic radiographs of the contrast phantom, embedded in the 4 different regions of the arch-form stand, and 1 real skull phantom image were obtained, post-processed, and compared. The clinical image quality evaluation chart was used to obtain the cut-off values of the phantom CRV corresponding to the criterion of being adequate for diagnosis. Results: The CRVs were obtained using 4 aluminum pits in the incisor and premolar region, 5 aluminum pits in the molar region, and 2 aluminum pits in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) region. The CRVs obtained based on the CNR measured in the anterior region were: porcelain, 13.95; aluminum, 9.68; PTFE, 6.71; and POM, 1.79. The corresponding values in the premolar region were: porcelain, 14.22; aluminum, 8.82; PTFE, 5.95; and POM, 2.30. In the molar region, the following values were obtained: porcelain, 7.40; aluminum, 3.68; PTFE, 1.27; and POM, - 0.18. The CRVs for the TMJ region were: porcelain, 3.60; aluminum, 2.04; PTFE, 0.48; and POM, - 0.43. Conclusion: CRVs were determined for each part of the jaw using the CNR value and the number of pits observed in phantom images.