• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.626-632
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• 2010

The results of the image evaluations by various shapes of skirts which are typical female's lower garment were as follows; 1. The composition factors of images by the shapes of skirts were classified into five factors. The 1st factor is lovely image factor, the 2nd is attractive image factor, the 3rd is practical image factor, the 4th is slim-looking image factor and the 5th is long-looking image factor. 2. In the 1st factor- lovely image factor, tiered skirt, $360^{\circ}$ flared skirt and $180^{\circ}$ flared skirt were evaluated to express lovely images. In the 2nd factor- attractive image factor, $180^{\circ}$ flared skirt was evaluated to express refine and attractive images. In the 3rd factor- practical image factor, $360^{\circ}$ flared skirt and gathered skirt were evaluated to express easy and practical images. In the 4th factor- slim looking image factor, males evaluated 8gored skirt and females evaluated gathered skirt to express fat images. In the 5th factor- long looking image, $180^{\circ}$ flared skirt was evaluated to express long looking images by both sexes. 3. In the lovely image factor, gathered skirt was evaluated most differently between the sexes. Both in the attractive and practical image factor, tiered skirt was evaluated most differently between the sexes. 4. In the preference of male and female university students according to the shapes of skirts, both the sexes prefered flared skirt. But the low prefered shapes of skirts were differently evaluated between the sexes; the male students' was A-lined skirt and the female's was pleated skirt and wrap skirt.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.47
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• pp.73-88
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• 1999

To find the reasonable gathering amount by a length of gathered skirt and a fabric the methods of this study were divided on three types-five kinds of the gathering amounts three kinds of fabrics and three kinds of skirt length-so forty five kinds of the samples were made. As the visual evaluation and the shape of hemlines evaluation of the gathered skirt were practiced by these factors this study found the aesthetical gathering amount and analyzed the shape of hemlines. The following are the results of this research. 1. In the same fabric and skirt length to estimate a hemlines shape of a gathered skirt the increased amount of the node number of cotton fabric was widest and wool fabric was most stable And when the gathering amounts of each fabric were higher than 1.5 times the node indexes were no difference. According as a skirt length was longer the node indexes assumed a similar aspects but according as the skirt length was shorten an the gathering amount was smaller the node shapes were level and broad. And according to being increased a gathering amount the width of right and left of gathered skirt was generally wider. 2. In the same gathering amount and skirt length in seeing the estimation of a hemlines shape of a gathered skirt when the skirt length was 40cm in cotton polyester wool fabrics the node indexes were similar at up to 1.5 times of gathering amount and especially it became very bigger at 0.5 times and according as the gathering amount was increased node index became gradually smaller. The width of right and left of the skirt hemlines of wool fabric was more smaller than polyester and cotton fabrics so it is happen to hang down. 3. In the same gathering amount and fabric in seeing the estimation of a hemlines shape as a variation of a skirt length when the gathering amount of cotton and polyester was from up to 1.5 times and wood fabric was from up to 1.0 times according as skirt length was longer node index in the same gathering amount was decreased. And in case as it was 0.5 times the node indexes of the 40cm and 60cm skirt length were bigger than other factors. In the same gathering amount the width of right and left of the skirt hemlines was smaller at 60cm skirt length and polyester fabric was smaller at 80cm skirt length.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.12 no.2 s.27
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• pp.145-158
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• 1988

The purpose of this study was develop a skirt pattern drafting method for pregnant women on the basis of their physical characteristics. The study procedures and results were as follows; 1. One hundred and one women who were 7,8 or 9 months pregnant were measured on 29 items. The result was computed to obtain descriptive statistics and correlation coefficients between each items. 2. Two new skirt patterns were developed based on the data analysis. 3. The sensory evaluation was applied to evaluate the new patterns for pregnant women by comparing them with the Japanese MOONHWA method skirt pattern for pregnant women. Sensory evaluation for appearance: According to the result of Mann-Whitney test among the three skills the skirt A was most satisfactory, and the next was the skirt B followed by Japanese MOONHWA method Skirt. Sensory evaluation for comfort; The result of Mann-Whitney test showed that the skirt B was comfortable, and the next was the shirt A followed by Japanese MOONHWA method skirt.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.76-88
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• 2009

This study has the purposes to search the most visually effective and appropriate number of pleats and skirt length, when it's worn, with the changes in the number of pleats and skirt length that could be influential in analyzing the visual evaluation of pleats skirt and to analyze the changes when those factors are applied in real pattern. The stimuli were 18 samples: 6 variations of the number of pleats and 3 variations of the length of skirt. The data were obtained from 54 fashion design majors. The data were analyzed by Factor Analysis, Anova, Scheffe's Test and the MCA method. The results of the study were as follows: The visual image by the number of pleats and the length of skirt were composed of 4 factors : activity, attraction, neatness and commonness. In these factors, activity factor was estimated by the most important factor. The visual image according to the changes in the number of pleats and skirt length had significant differences, and the pleats skirts with 12 and 16 number of pleats and 38cm of skirt length were evaluated to be the most effective. The activity factor had interaction influence effect according to the number of pleats and the skirt length. The skirt length had more influence than the number of pleats in attraction and neatness factors, and the other way around for commonness factor.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.597-609
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• 2006

The purpose of the research was to compare the preference of coloration of traditional Korean dress according to tone variation of green jacket by Korean and American women college students. The results of research can be summarized as follows. Korean students preferred skirt of vivid red color and light green jacket, but American students did not like it. Korean students did not like the skirt and jacket of same color, but American students preferred it. Both Korean and American students preferred skirt and jacket of different tone. Korean students liked skirt of dull blue and jacket of light dull green, skirt of dark blue and jacket of vivid, dull green. American students liked skirt of vivid violet and jacket of vivid dull, dark green. They also liked skirt of light yellow and jacket of light green, light skirt of blue, violet and jacket of light, dull, dark green, skirt of dark blue and vivid, light, dull gueen, skirt of dark violet and jacket of dull, dark green.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.812-825
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• 2020

This study compared and analyzed the interaction visual effect of skirt silhouettes and skirt length by body mass index. This study provides basic data for women in their 20s and 30s to choose suitable skirts for their image. Twelve skirts were made, consisting of two categories of body mass index, three types of skirt silhouette and two levels of skirt length. Men and women in their 20s and 30s evaluated the visual effects of the experimental skirts using a questionnaire. The interaction effect of the visual effect following the skirt's length and silhouette by body mass index were analyzed by three-way ANOVA. Overall, a shorter the body and lower body length resulted in better vertical effects in normal weight. In terms of horizontal effects, such as lower body thickness and full-body shape, the 40 cm skirt, 50 cm tight, and A-line skirt were generally shown as better images. Skirt length helped supplement body type rather than silhouette in the overweight section. When the length was 40 cm, three skirts showed a more positive image. This study provide results for women in their 20s and 30s to choose skirts that are suitable for their image.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.51-66
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• 2022

The article presents the results of finite element analyses carried out on skirted footings. The bearing capacity increases with the provision of the flexible and rigid skirt, but the effectiveness varies with various other factors. The skirts are more efficient in the case of cohesionless soils than cohesive and c-ϕ soils. Efficiency reduces with an increase in the soil strength and footing depth. The rigid skirt is relatively more efficient compared to the flexible skirt. In contrast, to the flexible skirt, the efficiency of the rigid skirt increases continuously with skirt length. The difference in the effectiveness of both skirts becomes more noticeable with an increase in the strength parameters, skirt length, and footing depth. The failure mechanism also changes significantly with the inclusion of a rigid skirt. The rigid skirt behaves as a solid embedded footing, and the failure mechanism becomes confined with an increase in the skirt length. Few small-scale laboratory tests were carried out to study the flexible and rigid skirt and verify the numerical study results. The numerical analysis results are further used to develop nonlinear equations to predict the enhancement in bearing capacity with the provision of the rigid and flexible skirts.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.237-251
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to provide the improvement idea for an school uniform styling that better satisfies female high school students' changing demands, through evaluating images differences according to design variation in school uniforms. This study was carried out with a between-subject design by using the stimulant materials of school uniform design and image assessment scale. The stimulant materials used for this study were 27 designs with blazer/skirt ensemble and 21 designs with vest/skirt ensemble. The survey materials were collected through a questionnaire from a total of 192 female high school students living in Gyeongsangnam-do. As a result of analyses on a image of blazer/skirt ensembles, 4 factors were extracted such as neatness, uniqueness, activeness, and attractiveness. Blazer was the only variables that exerted significant effects on neatness, uniqueness, and attractiveness. As a result of analyses on a image of vest/skirt ensembles, 4 factors were extracted such as attractiveness, neatness, uniqueness, and activeness. Skirt was the only variables that exerted significant effects on attractiveness, neatness, and uniqueness. Neat image was perceived to be high in ensembles of standard blazer/standard collar/horizontal-seam skirt, standard vest/skirt with horizontal color combination, and buttons-down vest/horizontal-seam skirt. Unique image was perceived to be high in ensembles of blazer with bindings/standard collar/solid skirt, and vest with pockets/skirt with vertical bindings. Also, active image was perceived to be high in ensembles of vest with pockets/skirt with vertical bindings, and buttons-down vest/skirt with vertical bindings. Attractive image was perceived to be high in ensembles of blazer with bindings/peaked lapel/skirt with vertical bindings, and standard vest/horizontal-seam skirt. In conclusion, this study reveals that different items and pieces of school uniforms can be combined in many different ways to create quite diverse looks. Thus, this study provides important basic data for research on teenagers' fashion and clothing.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.77-88
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the differences of visual effects by variations in the width of pleats and the length of the accordion pleats skirt. The stimuli are 21 samples: 7 variations of the width of pleats and 3 variations of the length of skirt. The data has been obtained from 43 fashion design majors. The data has been analyzed by Factor Analysis, Anova, Scheffe's Test and the MCA method. The results of the study are as follows: The visual effects by the number of pleats and the length of skirt are composed of 2 factors: verticality and thickness of lower body, shape of abdomen. In these factors, verticality and thickness of lower body factor is estimated by the most important factor. The accordion pleats skirt makes the lower body look longer when the width of the pleats is wider, and helps the calf and leg look thinner. Also, the waist looks more slender and thin. As the skirt gets longer, one looks taller, and legs look longer and thinner. The shape of abdomen is no difference according to the width of pleats. As the skirt gets longer, the waist looks more slender and thinner. The interaction of visual effect according to the changes in width of pleats and skirt length of accordion pleats skirt is not shown, and the skirt length has more effect than the width of pleats does in verticality and width of lower body factor. The width of pleats has more effect than the skirt length does in shape of abdomen factor.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.501-514
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• 2014

In this study, visual images were analyzed with the representative seven kinds of selected skirts, by the differences of shape and length which are affecting to the images of skirts. In addition, the purpose of the study is to present the basic data for the skirt design and patterns those are appropriate to the preferred images of 20-30s. The results of this study are as follows. First, analyzed by the visual evaluation about the composing factors are as follows. Factor 1 is a Cute image factor, factor 2 is a charming image factor, factor 3 is a transversal factor, Factor 4 is active image factor, Factor 5 was classified as a longitudinal factors. Second, analyzed by the visual evaluation according to the shape and length of the skirt, 20-30s women's most preferred form of the skirt is pleated skirt which was highly evaluated looks good, beautiful, favorite, attractive factors. Non-prefered skirts are gored skirt which was highly evaluated not corny, not pretty, heavy, unattractive factors and gored skirt which was negatively evaluated with classic and dislike factors. In the length of skirt, the knee length short skirt is attractive, active and positively evaluated by the 20-30s women than long skirt. Therefore, the results of this study, there are almost no differences according to the age groups of 20-30s women. They are more affected from the length of the skirt rather than the shape.