• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.20-29
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• 2010

1. Objectives Our goal is to observe the feasibility of constitution discrimination from computing quantitative roughness index from dynamic friction coefficients and their gradients with the measurement device of skin friction with 3-Axis load cell sensor. 2. Methods In the traditional Korean medicine, skin diagnosis is one of the examination methods to discriminate Sasang constitution since it was known that Tae-eumin has rough skin, and Soyangin has smooth one. It is based on the skin roughness on the back of one's hand for the discrimination. The measurement device of skin friction with 3-axis load cell sensor has been developed in order to provide quantitative skin roughness through dynamic friction coefficients. The effective interval of the coefficients is obtained from the automatic sampling algorithm to use their curvature and slope. Then, Fisher's discriminant function of them makes the discrimination. 3. Results The success rate of extracting the effective interval was about 90% and the discriminant accuracy between Tae-eumin and Soyangin was 70% and 68% for men and women, respectively. The entire methods showed the possibility to distinguish between Tae-eumin and Soyangin by using stochastic properties of roughness index, which can make the entire system to include the measurement, the computation of the roughness index and the discrimination of constitution automatical. 4. Conclusions The measurement device, the automatic sampling algorithm of dynamic friction coefficients and the constitution discrimination algorithm were developed, respectively, and their combination can become the serial and automatic procedure for quantitative and objective skin diagnosis, which mimics the movement of the Oriental medical doctors' skin diagnosis. It can be applied to healthcare as well as the diagnosis of constitution in a u-Health system soon.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.123-127
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• 2006

건강하고 병력이 없는 피부를 가진 한국인 여성 중 주름이 생성되기 시작하거나 이미 생성된 30대 33명, 40대 56명, 50대 6명 등 총 95명을 대상으로 눈가에 대한 피부 거칠기와 진피 치밀도 및 피부 두께 측정값간에 상관관계를 확인하였다. 피부거칠기는 Visiometer를 이용하여 5가지 파라미터(Rl, R2, R3, R4, R5)를 분석하였고, 피부 진피 치밀도는 초음파 영상 장치인 Dermascan C를 이용하여 진피 치밀도(intensity)와 피부 두께(distance)를 측정하여 분석하였다. 분석 결과 연령에 따라 피부 거칠기와 진피 치밀도 및 피부 두께간의 깊은 관련성을 확인하였다. 피부 주름 거칠기 파라미터 중에서는 R2 (Maximum roughness)가 피부 두께와 유의한 상관관계가 있었으며(p < 0.05) 또한, 진피 치밀도가 증가함에 따라 피부 두께는 유의하게 감소하는 경향을 보였다(p < 0.05). 따라서 주름 측정 방법에 있어서 기존의 레플리카를 이용한 피부 거칠기 평가 기술과 더불어 진피층의 변화를 측정하는 진피 치밀도 평가 기술은 주름 평가에 매우 유용한 방법이라고 판단된다.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제35권12호
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• pp.7-13
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• 2019

현장타설말뚝인 경우에 연암 소켓부의 단위주면마찰응력을 산정하는 방법 중 벽면 거칠기에 의한 산정 방법이 있다. 이 방법은 현장타설말뚝을 시공하기 위한 굴착 단계에서 거칠기 측정 장치를 굴착공에 설치하여 암반 벽면의 거칠기 양상을 측정하여 주면마찰력을 산정하는 것이다. 본 연구에서는 현장타설말뚝의 암반 소켓부 벽면의 거칠기 양상을 천공홀에서 직접 측정하였으며 그 결과를 이용하여 암반의 주면마찰력 특성을 파악하고자 한다. 그리고, 거칠기 시험 결과를 검증하기 위하여 동일 말뚝에 정재하시험 및 하중전이시험을 수행하였다.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제39권6호
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• pp.21-30
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• 2023

현장타설말뚝의 연암 근입부의 단위주면마찰력을 산정하는 방법 중 암반 벽면거칠기에 의한 산정 방법이 있다. 현장타설말뚝의 굴착 시공 시 암반 굴착공에 거칠기 장치를 설치하고 벽면 거칠기 모양을 측정하고 그 결과를 이용하여 주면마찰력을 산정하는 것이다. 본 연구에서는 암반벽면의 거칠기를 직접 측정한 결과와 하중전이 시험결과를 비교분석하여 거칠기시험에 의한 단위주면마찰력을 말뚝의 발생 변위에 대응하는 단위 주면마찰력으로 변환할 수 있도록 저감계수 R_f = -0.14n + 1.48(여기서, n은 하중전이시험에서 도출된 발생변위 δ를 말뚝직경 D로 나눈 변위비)을 제안하였다.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.776-786
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• 2016

The fairly recent standard of equipping mobile devices with advanced imaging sensors has opened the possibility of conveniently diagnosing skin conditions, anywhere, anytime. For this application, we attempted to estimate skin conditions from a skin image taken by a mobile handheld camera. To estimate the skin conditions, we specifically identified three skin features (pigmentation, pores, and roughness) that can be measured quantitatively from a skin image. The experimental data indicate that the existing thresholding methods are inappropriate for extracting the pigmentation and pore skin features. Thus, we propose a new line-fitting based thresholding method for skin feature detection. We thoroughly evaluated our proposed skin condition estimation method using our skin image database. The experimental results show that our proposed thresholding method can better determine the threshold leading to the most visually plausible detection, when compared to existing methods. We also confirmed that skin conditions can be feasibly estimated using a common mobile handheld camera (for example, a smartphone).

• 동력기계공학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.128-134
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• 2014

For the characteristic assessment of biomimetic shark skin structure pattern for engineering applications, we conducted the elastic hydrodynamic lubrication analysis for the shark skin surface pattern. The shark skin surfaces with roughness are generated numerically in the similar size with real shark skin scales. For the spherical contact on the generated shark skin surface with two different flow directions which are transversal and longitudinal, 3-dimensional elasto-hydrodynamic lubraction analysis are carried out. The result of the longitudinal flow which are similar with the flow of shark skin shows more beneficial effects with lower pressure and less sensitive effect with surface roughness.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.69-77
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• 2017

Background: Human skin undergoes distinct changes throughout the aging process, based on both intrinsic and extrinsic factors. In a process called photoaging, UVB irradiation leads to upregulation of matrix metalloproteinase-1, which then causes collagen degradation and premature aging. Mixtures of medicinal plants have traditionally been used as drugs in oriental medicine. Based on the previously reported antioxidant properties of Panax ginseng Meyer and Crataegus pinnatifida, we hypothesized that the mixture of P. ginseng Meyer and C. pinnatifida (GC) would have protective effects against skin aging. Methods: Anti-aging activity was examined both in human dermal fibroblasts under UVB irradiation by using Western blot analysis and in healthy human skin by examining noninvasive measurements. Results: In vitro studies showed that GC improved procollagen type I expression and diminished matrix metalloproteinase-1 secretion. Based on noninvasive measurements, skin roughness values, including total roughness (R1), maximum roughness (R2), smoothness depth and average roughness (R3), and global photodamage scores were improved by GC application. Moreover, GC ameliorated the high values of smoothness depth (R4), which means that GC reduced loss of skin moisture. Conclusion: These results suggest that GC can prevent aging by inhibiting wrinkle formation and increasing moisture in the human skin.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.337-342
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• 2005

이 연구의 목적은 폴리올류와 오일류 등 스킨케어 원료의 농도 변화에 따라 인체 피부의 보습력과 피부 표면의 거칠기가 어떻게 나타나는가를 살펴보는데 있다. 폴리올류와 오일류는 스킨케어 제품을 만드는 데 있어서 필수적인 원료이다. 그러나, 폴리올류와 오일류가 어느 농도 범위에서 인체 피부에서 객관적 효능 및 관능적 효능의 평가를 할 수 있는지 아직 연구되어 있지 않다. 이 연구에서는 비침습적 방법을 이용하여 화장품 회사에서 일반적으로 사용하는 여러 원료들을 이용하여 농도에 따른 효능을 비교 하고자 한다. 폴리올류는 글리세롤과 부틸렌 그리콜(BG)을 1:1의 비율로 혼합하여 사용하였고, 오일류는 $Pursyn\;4^{(R)}$, CEH, $PTO^{(R)}$을 1:1:1의 비율로 혼합하여 실험에 사용하였다. 시험에 사용한 제품은 모두 O/W 에멀젼 형태이며, $0{\sim}27%dml$ 폴리올류, $0{\sim}35%$의 오일류의 농도로 수행하였다 본 연구자는 인체 하박 내측에 제품을 도포한 후, 피부 수분량과 각질층의 거칠기를 측정하였다 피부의 수분량은 피부 저기용량을 이용하여 측정하였고, 피부 표면 거칠기는 피부 각질을 채취하여 SEM을 이용하여 촬영한 후 육아평가로 그 값을 나타내었다. 피부의 수분량은 폴리올류에 있어서 상한 상관관계를 나타내며, 농도는 20%까지 강한 상관관계를 나타내었다. 오일류에 있어서는 12%의 농도 범위까지 강한 상관관계를 나타내었다. 이러한 상관계수는 통계적으로 유의하게 각각 0.629와 0.603을 나타내었다(p<0.01). 이에 반해 피부 표면 거칠기는 농도의존적으로 폴리올류와 강한 상관성을 갖고 오일류는 6%까지 통계적으로 유의한 상관성을 가졌다. 회귀분석을 통하여 표면 거칠기를 폴리올류와 오일류로 나타내었을 때, 2:5:1의 계수 비율로 연관성을 나타내었다(p<0.01). 향후 시험은 폴리올류와 오일류를 제외한 다른 원료들(계면활성제, 지질, 수용성보습물질 등)과 다른 비침습적 측정 방법을 이용하여 그 관계를 조사할 계획이다.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.45-50
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• 2007

objectives: We investigated the moisturizing and cooling effects of the cosmetic product with Scrophularia Buergeriana, Poria Cocos, Lonicera Japonica, Portulaca Oleracea and Ginko Biloba extract on human skin by using non-invasive instrument. Methods: We measured physiological effects after volunteers(female, n=5) applied the cosmetic product containing the extract of oriental herbs. The forearm skin moisturization was measured with $Corneometer^{\circledR}$ CM825 after 15min, 3hr, and 6hr. The forearm skin surface roughness was with Scanning electron microscopy after 15min, and 6hr. The face skin temperatures cooling and microcirculation effects were measured with ThermaCAMTM PM525 and LDl-Periscan PlM II after 15min, and 30min. Results: The forearm skin moisturization was imcreased 108% after 15min. The forearm skin surface roughness was decreased significantly after 15min. The face skin temperatures were cooling down to $30.7^{\circ}C$. The face skin microcirculation effect was normalized time-dependently. Conclusions: We concluded that cosmetic product containing the extract of Scrophularia Buergeriana, Poria Cocos, Lonicera Japonica, Portulaca Oleracea and Ginko Biloba had a moisturization effect and improving the surface roughness, temperature and microcirculation on the human skin.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.260-268
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• 2016

Background: During the aging process, skin shows visible changes, characterized by a loss of elasticity and the appearance of wrinkles due to reduced collagen production and decreased elasticity of elastin fibers. Panax ginseng Meyer has been used as a traditional medicine for various diseases due to its wide range of biological activities including skin protective effects. Ginsenosides are the main components responsible for the biological activities of ginseng. However, the protective activities of an enzymatic preparation of red ginseng against human skin aging have not been investigated. Methods: The efficacy of an enzyme-treated powder complex of red ginseng (BG11001) in preventing human skin aging was evaluated by oral administration to 78 randomized individuals. All patients were requested to take three daily capsules containing either 750 mg of BG11001 or a placebo vehicle for 24 wk; at the end of the testing period, skin roughness, elasticity, and skin water content were measured. Results: BG11001 significantly reduced the average roughness of eye wrinkles and the Global Photo Damage Score compared with the placebo, although there were no significant differences in arithmetic roughness average between the groups. In addition, gross elasticity and net elasticity values increased, and transepidermal water loss level decreased, indicating improved skin elasticity and moisture content. Conclusion: In conclusion, enzyme-treated red ginseng extract significantly improved eye wrinkle roughness, skin elasticity, and moisture content. Moreover, enzyme-treated red ginseng extract would be useful substance as a bio-health skin care product.