• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.91-97
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• 2011

The efficacies of anti-atopic preparations were investigated in hairless mice suffering from 2,4-dinitro-chlorobenzene (DNCB)-induced atopic dermatitis-like lesion. Solid lipid nanoparticle (SLN) containing ceramide and astaxanthin was prepared by a melt-homogenization method using Aminsoft-CT 12 (Cocoyl glutamate) as an emulsifier. And then, the SLNs were coated with silk fibroin (SF) by taking advantage of an electrostatic interaction between the surface of SLNs and SF. SLNs were included in lotion (FL) and cream (FC) types of preparations. Anti-atopic efficacies of the preparations were investigated in terms of appearance of skin surface, spleen index, serum IgE level, and serum cytokine level. SLN-containing preparations suppressed IgE production and IL-4 expression, but promoted $IFN-{\gamma}$ expression.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.80-85
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• 2021

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to report on the treatment of wound dressing in patients with diabetic foot ulcers in the dermatology clinic of Korean medicine. Methods : First, sufficient marginal resection of the ulcer and necrotic tissue on the foot of a patient with diabetic peripheral neuropathy was performed. Inflammation was treated with Anti-inflammatory pharmacopuncture solution, and dressings were applied for one month using Cornu Cervi Parvum pharmacopuncture solution, and Haeboo ointment for granulation tissue formation and skin regeneration. Results : After 10 days of the treatment, the formation of new granulation tissue was observed in the necrotic tissue area, and the extent of the lesion decreased sharply from the 14th day. On the 40th day, epithelialization progressed so that the treatment was terminated, and complete keratinization of the site was observed at follow-up 3 weeks after the end of the treatment. Conclusions : In the treatment of wound dressings in diabetic foot ulcer patients, marginal resection treatment with the application of pharmacopuncture solution and herbal ointment showed good effect.

• Journal of the Korean Orthopaedic Association
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• v.56 no.2
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• pp.168-172
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• 2021

Acquired digital fibrokeratoma is very a rare, benign, fibrous, and hyperkeratotic skin tumor that develops most frequently on the finger or toe. The tumor usually occurs in adults as a solitary, dome-shaped lesion. Sometimes, it appears as a rudimentary supernumerary digit and may be misdiagnosed as an accessory nail (double nail) or verruca vulgaris. The pathophysiology of an acquired digital fibrokeratoma is unknown. On the other hand, trauma has often been proposed as a predisposing factor for an acquired type of digital fibrokeratoma. This paper reports a case of trauma-related acquired digital fibrokeratoma presenting as a supernumerary digit and nail in a 36-year-old male. This case is presented with a 0.5 cm×0.4 cm×1.3 cm sized, firm, hyperkeratotic, protruding mass over the left second finger nail.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.550-560
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• 2020

Objective: To evaluate the interobserver agreement, diagnostic value, and associated clinical factors of automated breast ultrasound (ABUS) coronal features in differentiating breast lesions. Materials and Methods: This study enrolled 457 pathologically confirmed lesions in 387 female (age, 46.4 ± 10.3 years), including 377 masses and 80 non-mass lesions (NMLs). The unique coronal features, including retraction phenomenon, hyper- or hypoechoic rim (continuous or discontinuous), skipping sign, and white wall sign, were defined and recorded. The interobserver agreement on image type and coronal features was evaluated. Furthermore, clinical factors, including the lesion size, distance to the nipple or skin, palpability, and the histological grade were analyzed. Results: Among the 457 lesions, 296 were malignant and 161 were benign. The overall interobserver agreement for image type and all coronal features was moderate to good. For masses, the retraction phenomenon was significantly associated with malignancies (p < 0.001) and more frequently presented in small and superficial invasive carcinomas with a low histological grade (p = 0.027, 0.002, and < 0.001, respectively). Furthermore, continuous hyper- or hypoechoic rims were predictive of benign masses (p < 0.001), whereas discontinuous rims were predictive of malignancies (p < 0.001). A hyperechoic rim was more commonly detected in masses more distant from the nipple (p = 0.027), and a hypoechoic rim was more frequently found in large superficial masses (p < 0.001 for both). For NMLs, the skipping sign was a predictor of malignancies (p = 0.040). Conclusion: The coronal plane of ABUS may provide useful diagnostic value for breast lesions.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.65-78
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• 1992

Routine chest radiography is generally imaged by high voltage technique but some radiological technologists use low voltage for imaging. High voltage is usually said between $120\;kV{\sim}140\;kV$. Some RTs like using heavy filtration but others seldom like using it. However which is better for use calcium tungustate film screen system or ortho system and high contrast film or wide latitude c-type film for the exculusive use of chest radiography. We could not make a decision which is ideal method for use. In my opinion any method is not always exellent for chest radiography. In my experiments that I had at Kaken hospital in Japan last year I expect to keep the balance between image quality and diagnostic range and to reduce radiation dose for patients. My experiments are as follows. 1. We have looked into system characteristics(speed and contrast) in accordance with kVp($80{\sim}140$) and added filter($no{\sim}1/16\;VL$) in three screen film systems(BX3+CRONEX4, SRO750+MGH, SRO750+MGL). 2. We have looked into skin dose and film dose with same D=1.8 lung field density in accordance with kVp($80{\sim}140$) and added filter($no{\sim}1/16\;VL$) in three screen film systems. 3. We have compared with the evaluation between correlation of physical image quality(MTF) and optical diagnostic capability. Result are follows. 1. Speed of BX3+CRONEX4 became higher in accodance with kVp and thickness of filter but speed of ortho system was not as like regular system. Thicker filter diminished the speed over 100 kV range in SRO750+MGL. In case of SRO750+MGH speed of 1/16VL filter was looked into lower than speed of 1/4VL filter. Sensitivity of ortho system depends on tube voltage and added filter. 2. Skin dose has been detected $225\;{\mu}Gy{\sim}66\;{\mu}Gy$ in BX3+CRONEX4 from 80 kV, no filter to 140 kV, 1/16VL filter. SRO750+MGH could reduce the patient dose $1/2{\sim}1/3$ level in comparison to that of BX3+CRONEX4. 3. The higher kV was the worse MTF became the thicker filter was the worse MTF became too. MTF of BX3+CRONEX4 was detected better than MTF of SRO750+MGH but SRO750+MGH's optical detectability of small lesion in lung field came out better than that of BX3+CRONEX4. Conclusion Recently routine chest radiography is generally imaged by high voltage but it seems to be there are some questions in using of film screen combination. In high voltage chest radiography the subject contrast will come down that means latitude become wider. In this case if we select the low contrast film screen system(C or L type) the film contrast will fall down extremly and detectability of small lesion will be deteriorated. Wide latitude C, L type film has a merit of high detectability on mediastinum. Furthermore high contrast film screen system has the advantage to keep the high contrast in low density region as like mediastinum and heart shadow. Therefore in low subject contrast high voltage chest radiography we would rather choose the high contrast film screen system(H type) I think. From a view point of patient dose detectability of mediastinum and lung field. The optimum technical facter was found out 120 kV, 1/16VL filter : BX3+CRONEX4, 140 kV, 1/4VL filter : SRO750+MGH, 100 kV, 1/4VL filter : SRO750+MGL.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.15-27
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• 1974

Since the summer of the year 1972 ulcer disease of common carp, colour carp ana goldfish had suddenly spread widely and caused a serious mortality at fish farms especially around Gim-hae and Yang-san, near Busan. The present study aimed to find out the causative organisms, histopathological changes and the way of treatment, and the results are summarized as follows : Two kinds of pathogenic bacteria, i. e, Chondrococcus columnaris and Aeromonas sp. were isolated from the mucus of the lesion. According to the macroscopic findings, these symptoms began with the hemorrhagic spots under scales which fell out, after the collapse of the dermis, which was followed by lesion to form ulcer, and then the muscle was exposed. The fin was eroded mostly from the distal part, but sometimes from the basal part. Gills showed grey colour, and this part of the tissue collapsed. According to the histopathological findings, the dermis was exposed after the collapsed of the epithelium of the skin, and the necrosis of the musculature occurred, the muscular fibre being destroyed. The epithelial cells of gill tissue proliferated, thus gill filaments were conglutinated and collapsed. Fatty degeneration happened at the liver but the other organs seem to be normal. Treatment with the following mixtures were effective the water temperature of $22\~25^{\circ}C$, but not effective when the temperature was under as low as $13\~15^{\circ}C$. Mixture 1. Aivet (HB-115.HCI) 0.3ppm Malachite green 0.2ppm. Dipterex 0.4ppm Mixture 2. Furanace (P-7138) 0.05ppm Malachite green 0.2ppm Dipterex 0.4ppm When lesion healed, the epithelium, dermis, and the muscular fibre were regenerated.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.111-118
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• 2016

Acne vulgaris is a chronic inflammatory condition characterized by comedo, papule, cyst, nodule and postinflammatory hyperpigmentation. Meanwhile, it is also induced by adverse event of drugs. Among them, acneiform folliculitis is a side effect of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor, which is an anticancer agent, and its incidence may occur in upward of 75 ~ 100% of cases. The main method of acne vulgaris treatment is oral antibiotics, retinoids, topical medication and so on. However, it is limitation that teratogenicity caused by retinoids and antibiotic resistance increased by using antibiotics. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of topical recombinant human (rh) EGF in treating facial acne vulgaris. Twenty three Koreans (age: 10 ~ 29 years) with mild to moderate acne vulgar participated in the study and applied topical rhEGF cream (trouble control EGF) with 3 products (trouble control clarifying cleansing foam, trouble control all-clear filling toner, redroll calming moisture) on their face twice daily for four weeks. Several assessment methods were applied: Acne lesion counts score by investigator's global assessment, efficacy and satisfaction score by subjects. Skin sebum output level, hydration level and redness level were also measured at each visit. At the final visit, skin sebum level, transepidermal water loss, skin redness statistically decreased and acne lesions (comedone, papule) were statistically reduced. No severe side effects were observed during the study. In conclusion, topical rhEGF seems to be an effective and safe adjuvant treatment option for mild acne vulgaris.

• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.7-13
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to compare general survival rate and survival rate according to expectable prognostic factors by analyzing the result of treating a patient of squamous cell carcinoma. Materials and Methods: From Mar. 1999 to Feb. 2011, 151 patients were pathologically confirmed as squamous cell carcinoma of limbs and body in our hospital, and among those patients, 51 patients underwent the surgical treatment. This study included 41 patients who underwent the surgical treatment and were followed-up for more than 12 months. The mean age of population was 64.4 years. 31 males and 10 females were included. Wide excision with following skin grafts or flaps for reconstruction (29 cases) was mostly performed, but amputation (12 cases) was also performed for cases with extremities where resection margin was difficult to obtain and cases with neural or vascular invasion. 8 patients underwent chemotherapy or radiotherapy after resection, and 33 underwent the operation only. Stages were classified by AJCC Classification, survival rate was calculated by Kaplan-Meier method and survival rate of groups was compared by Log-rank test. For the expectable prognostic factors related to survival rate, location of primary lesion, cause of disease, pathologic grade, staging, surgical method, additional anticancer therapy were examined and each survival rate was compared. Results: The average follow-up period was 65.2 (12-132) months. Thirty patients survived out of 41 patients till last follow up. The overall survival rate in 5 years was 77%. Three cases (7.3%) had local recurrence, and 7 cases (17.0%) had metastasis. The average period of recurrence from operation was 27 (18-43) months. Possible prognostic factors such as location of primary lesion, cause of disease, pathologic grade, staging, additional anticancer therapy showed no significant difference in survival rates. However, patients with amputation showed significantly lower survival rate than those with wide excision. Conclusion: In analysis the results of treating 41 cases of squamous cell carcinoma, the overall 5-year survival rate was 77%. And, among the several prognostic factors, only the surgical method was significant statistically.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.34 no.12
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• pp.909-916
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• 2001

Background : Varicose vein is a very common vascular disease and has recently become a matter of concern for thoracic and cardiovascular surgens. Material and Method : We analyzed 209 cases or 269 feet with varicose vein retrospectively, which had been treated in our hospital from April 1999 to December 2000. Result : Male : Female ratio was 1:3(Male : 52 cases, Female : 157 cases), mean age was 42.2$\pm$9.7 years old, mean duration of varicosities was 12.2$\pm$9.7 years, and mean follow up was 14.8$\pm$6.1 months from July 2001. Most common symptom was leg pain(122 cases, 58.4%). Long standing job(44 cases), pregnancy(37 cases), and family history related to varicose vein came to 79.9% as the major predisposing or precipitating factors. Anatomic classifications of main lesion were GSV (greater saphenous vein,126 cases), LSV(lesser saphenous vein,18 cases), and reticular veins and telangiectasias(65 cases). Main treatments were stripping of GSV, stab avulsion, ligation of saphenofemoral junction, sclerotherapy, and conservative treatment. Comparing A group (stripping of GSV) with B group(sclerotherapy of GSV), A group had more complications than B group; however, A group had less recurrences than B group(p 0.05). Comparing C group(stab avulsion of LSV) with D group(sclerotherapy of LSV), there were 2 cases of recurrence in D group; however, there were no statistical differences between the two groups in complication and recurrence(p>0.05). Comparing B group(sclerotherapy of GSV) with E group(sclerotherapy of reticular vein and telangiectasia), there were no differences in complication; however, B group had more recurrences than E group. Post-stripping complications were ankle numbness and tingling(2 cases), ankle pain(2 cases),ankle swelling(2 cases), and wound pain(1 case). Postsclerotherapy complications were thrombophlebitis(1 case) and skin ulcer(1 case). Conclusion: Sclerotherapy for varicose vein involving GSV had more recurrences than stripping for lesions involving GSV. Sclerotherapy for reticular vein and telangiectasia had less recurrences than sclerotherapy for lesion involving GSV. Sclerotherapy is a very convenient method without operation and admission, thus further research is demanded in case of varicose vein involving GSV.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.154-170
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• 2001

Objective : To broaden understanding about acupuncture and moxibustion therapy on AIDS and to promote base studies and clinical trials Materials and Methods : Analysis was given to more than 30 literatures including acupuncture and moxibustion therapy on AIDS-related sites explored by internet search engine named NAVER from Nov., 2000 to Feb. 20th, 2001 Results : 1. Acupuncture and moxibustion played great role as a complementary therapy in enabling AIDS patients to keep their antiretroviral therapy by enhancing immune system, ameliorating AIDS-related symptoms and side effect of antiretroviral drug 2. Acupuncture and moxibustion therapy had a broad spectrum indication from systemic or local signs of AIDS patients to signs of antiretroviral drug-related side effect 3. Contraindication of acupuncture and moxibustion therapy against AIDS patients include abstraction and moxibustion on the skin lesion, because of their easy exposure to inflammation 4. AIDS patients were regarded as the state of KI-HE(氣虛), EUM-HE(陰虛), YEOL-DOK(熱毒) in general 5. BO-KI(補氣), BO-HYUL(補血), BO-EUM(補陰), CHEONG-YEOL-HAE-DOK(淸熱解毒) were shown as a principle of acupuncture and moxibustion therapy for AIDS patients 6. Principle of selecting acupoints for AIDS patients had characteristics of enhancing immune system, detoxicating detrimental agents and relieving each AIDS related symptom appropriately 7. Acupuncture on 合谷(HAPKOK, LI4), 內關(NAE-GWAN, P6), 足三里(CHOK-SAMNI, S36) were applied to the early stage of AIDS in order to enhance immune system. Acupuncture on 血海(HYOLHAE, SP10), 三陰交(SAMUMGYO, SP6), (KOHWANG, B43) were applied to the intermediate stage of AIDS so as to enhance immune system and eliminate YEOL-DOK(熱毒) in blood. Moxibustion on 湧泉(YONGCHON, K1), 足三里(CHOK-SAMNI, S36) were applied to the late stage owing to enhance immune system more. Conclusion : The efficacy of acupuncture and moxibustion therapy on AIDS has been acknowledged to the world, moreover, it is proved to be significant as a complementary therapy on AIDS patients. Thus, more control group studies of the efficacy of acupuncture and moxibustion therapy on AIDS and clinical trials are considered to be necessary.