• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.117-135
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• 2008

In order to investigate the efficacy of a combination of JBB as topical and HTGMB as internal treatment method, changes in various immune related factors and histological changes in NC/Nga induced animal model was studied. Combined treatment of topical JBB and internal HTGMB significantly reduced the atopic dermatitis clinical index, the number of immune cells such as CD19+, CCR3+, B220+/IgE+, and Gr-1+/CD11b+ in DLN and dorsal skin, compared to the control group. Otherwise increased CD3+, CD4+/CD25+, CD8+ and CD4+ cells in the DLN. And also combined treatment of topical JBB and internal HTGMB suppressed the lymphocytes and mast cells from infiltrating into the skin tissues when stained with H&E and toluidine blue. Based on the results above, it is strongly suggested that the combined treatment of topical JBB and internal HTGMB significantly induced anti-allergic activities through immune modulation. The findings can be applied to developing a more sustainable treatment for atopic dermatitis and be helpful in practicing combined treatments in clinical treatments in the future.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.28 no.8
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• pp.1396-1400
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• 2007

In this study, poly(iso-butyl methacrylate-co-ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) [poly(iso-BMA-co-EGDMA)] microgel was prepared and used as a face powder additive. The spreading, adhesiveness, and skin reactivity of poly(iso-BMA-co-EGDMA) microgel-containing face powder II were investigated and compared with the same properties of commercially available Silica bead 700-containing face powder I. In the results, the particle size of the poly(iso-BMA-co-EGDMA) microgel was significantly swelled as a result of sebum absorption. Face powder II showed a lower primary irritation index and a higher adhesiveness than did face powder I. Face powder I showed a low sebum absorption ratio and a relatively high rate of sebum absorption, whereas face powder II, contrastingly, exhibited a high sebum absorption ratio and a low rate of sebum absorption, which properties would reduce the phenomena of facial strain and sliminess. These results indicate that poly(iso- BMA-co-EGDMA) microgel has outstanding sebum absorption characteristic and adhesiveness, and thus that it is a good candidate for use as a face powder additive.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.17 no.1 s.31
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• pp.84-110
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• 1996

Meridian collateral and meridian points have been the base of acupuncture and moxibustion therapy. Also the theory have composed the main portion of Oriental Medicine. But the mechanism and scientific background has not been completely eatablished, and the research on the objectification of diagnosis of meridian collateral and meridian points, and acupuncture & moxibustion therapy has been necessary nowadays. A new understanding of value of Oriental Medicine has been increasing, the scientific understanding of meridian collateral and meridian points should have been examined. The system of meridian collateral and meridian points was very interesting topics between the scientists in the world. Especially, the elucidation of function and mechanism of Qi(氣) was very important in the scientific theme of 21th century. But there has been many difficulties in the study of meridian collateral and meridian points, since the system of meridian collateral and meridian points has the complexed function and vague structure in the organism. As the one of index of meridian points, the electric current has been used. In this report, the volume of electric current on the skin around the meridian points was investigated. The results of investigation showed the meridian points have higher electric current volume than non-meridian points.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.233-239
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• 2012

Hematological analysis can provide crucial information for monitoring the health of fish. However, there is no current information available regarding hematological changes in olive flounder following infection by Vibrio scophthalmi. In this study, hematological and biochemical alterations were determined in olive flounder infected by the high virulence strain (HVS) and low virulence strain (LVS) of V. scophthalmi. Survival in serum, skin mucus, and macrophages of olive flounder was also compared between the HVS and LVS. The results demonstrated that the hematocrit value in infected fish declined from 23.4% at 0 h to 18.0% at 168 h post infection. The total protein concentration in fish infected with the HVS was significantly higher than in fish infected with the LVS and a non-infected control. Lysozyme activity was significantly different between infected and control fish. The HVS survived in serum and cell numbers increased substantially, while cell numbers of the LVS in serum decreased. These changes in hematological characteristics in fish infected by V. scophthalmi can be used as an effective and sensitive index to monitor the physiological and pathological conditions of fish. The survival and reproduction of V. scophthalmi in host serum, skin mucus, and macrophages play a major role in systemic infection and can serve as a virulence indicator for different strains.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.36-44
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• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to predict measuring site suited for abdominal skin fold thickness (ASFT) by measuring the distribution of abdominal subcutaneous fat thickness (AScFT) and ascertain the correlations among obesity indicators. Methods: The size of analysis materials was 124 secondary data measured by ultrasonic device, bioelectrical impedance analyzer and caliper. Data were analyzed using t-test, and Pearson's correlation. Results: The average of AScFT was 10.63± 6.79mm with its range 1.39-36.16 mm, and AScFT of female and of central parts were thicker than those of male and outer parts in the abdomen. The average of ASFT was 29.26±12.59 mm. Site 5 on Figure 1 was most similar to the average of AScFT in both sexes. Body mass index (BMI) and waist hip ratio (WHR) were 23.65±3.98 and 0.88±0.05 respectively. The body weight, BMI, WHR, visceral fat, ASFT vs AScFT revealed in significant correlation (r= .29, r= .55, r= .39, r= .33. r= .29). Conclusion: BMI and WHR seem more useful than other obesity indicators, when obesity control is necessary for Type 2 diabetes patients. Site 5 on Figure 1 is most suitable site to measure ASFT.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.1-8
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to determine whether aromatherapy massages with manual lymph drainage (MLD) are significantly more effective than sham massages with MLD in reducing edematous limb volume in lymphedema. This study was performed on 46 patients who had developed unilateral upper or lower lymphedema. Twenty-three patients served as the experimental group and were treated with complex decongestive physiotherapy (CDP) applications including aroma massages with MLD, multi layered compression bandages, remedial exercises and skin care. Twenty-three patients in the control group were treated with CDP applications including sham massages with MLD, bandages, exercises and skin care. Patients undergo a therapy program once a day; 5 days a week for 2 weeks. Percentage excess volume (PEV) and body mass index (BMI) were recorded before and after treatment. PEV and BMI were significantly decreased before and after treatment in the experimental as well as in the control groups (p<.05). However, the percentage excess volume and BMI were not significantly improved after treatment between the two groups (p>.05). This study there suggests that aroma massages is not effective in the edema of patients with lymphedema.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.1431-1443
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• 2009

In order to investigate the therapeutic effect of SSC, NC/Nga animal model resembling the AD-like symptoms were used to measure the changes in cytokines and histology. SSC prescription group showed significant decrease in the atopic dermatitis clinical index by 40.2% compared to that of the control. The SSC prescription had significant effect on immune cells that are related to inducing AD symptoms. SSC prescription also increased the ratio of immune cells in DLN that were not directly involved in AD symptoms. SSC prescription group showed significant decrease in the level of cytokines within spleen cells and DLN. The prescription also decreased the level of immunoglobulin IgE levels in serum by 25.3%. The thickness of epidermis and dermis as well as the precipitation of erythrocytes were also observed. The results indicate the therapeutic effect of SSC in the treatment of atopic dermatitis through immune modulation. The study will provide a broader applications in the treatment of atopic dermatitis. Particularly, skin regeneration effect and supplemental use of topical application of SS in atopic dermatitis treatment had been reported previously, and further investigation on the dose dependent effect as well as skin irritation studies of SS should be followed.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.55-64
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• 1990

Soybean fatty acid, the largest byproduct in the production of soybean oil, was formulated for hand cream, oil in water emulsion base, to improve the suppleness and elasticity of skin. The stability of emulsion observed by a macroscopic method was used as a characteristic index for deciding an optimum formula of hand creams. The optimum formula of the most stable hand cream was obtained from polynomial regression equation, contour graphs and partial derivative graphs. The values of soybean fatty acid and stearyl alcohol in the obtained optimum formula were 9.75 and 14.75 w/w%, respectively, and sodium lauryl sulfate was not needed. Experimental value for the stability of hand cream prepared according to the optimum formula was 76,14 days, and the prediction value by computation method was 73.25 days. From the results of accelerated tests by elevated temperature, the stability of hand cream by optimum formula was 1.7 year at room temperature $(25^{\circ}C)$. The hand cream containing soybean fatty acid was found to be free of primary irritant substance to the skin by Draize technique.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
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• 1999.11a
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• pp.211-215
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• 1999

It is well known that a long-term exposure to a loud noise environment affects performance, since it distracts attention, and also is able to evoke stress accompanied by negative emotional states. The purpose of this study was to analyze dynamics of subjective and physiological variables during long-lasting (30 min) exposure to intensive white noise (85 dB[A]). Physiological signals on 23 college students were recorded by BIOPAC, Grass Neurodata systems and AcqKnowledge 3.5 software. Autonomic variables, namely skin conductance level (SCL), non-specific SCR number (N-SCR), inter-beat intervals in ECG (RR intervals), heart rate variability index (HF/LF ratio of HRV), respiration rate (RESP), and skin temperature (SKT) were analyzed on 5 min epoch basis. Psychological assessment (subjective rating of stress level) was also repeated on every 5 min basis. Regression and correlation analyses were employed to trace the time course of the dynamics of the subjective and autonomic physiological variables and their relationship. Results showed that intense noise evokes subjective stress with associated autonomic nervous system responses. However, it was shown that physiological variables endure specific changes in the process of exposure to loud white noise. Discussed are probable psychophysiological mechanisms mediating reactivity to long-term auditory stimulation of high intensity.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.30 no.10
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• pp.1061-1068
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• 2013

In this research, the design optimization of a composite sandwich has been performed for using as an airplane wing skin. Automated analysis framework for aero-structure interaction is used for calculating load data on the wing. For automated analysis framework, FLUENT is used for computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis. CFD mesh is generated automatically by using parametric modeling of CATIA and GAMBIT. A computational structure mechanics (CSM) mesh is generated automatically by the parametric method of the CATIA and visual basic script of NASTRAN-FX. The structure is analyzed by ABAQUS. Composite sandwich optimization is performed by NASTRAN SOL200. Design variables are thicknesses of the sandwich core and composite skin panel plies. The objective is to minimize the weight of the wing and constraints are applied for wing tip displacement, global failure index and local failure indexes.