• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.94-100
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• 2000

This study was carried out to determine the causative agent and the epidemiological features of canine dermatitis in Tae-gu, Korea from 1997 to 1998. Specimens of collected from skin lesions were examined mycologically, parasitologically and bacteriologically. In all, 70 dogs of differing ages, gender and living environment were sampled. In mycological examination during this period, pathogenic fungi were cultured from 29(41.3%) of 70 canine specimens. Dermatophytes were cultured from 15(21.4%) and Malassezia pachydermatis were 14(20.0%) of the specimens. The frequent dermatophytes isolated were Microsporum canis (12.9%). Trichophyton mentagrophytes (4.3%), T rubrum (2.9%), T raubitschekii and M gypseum (each 1.4%). There was a high proportion of positive cultures from dogs less than 1 year and over than 3 years of age, and in some long haired breeds, but there was no significant difference between the sexes, and the living environments. Although dermatophytes were more frequently isolated in spring and winter, no significant difference was detected in the seasonal distribution of the canine dermatophytosis. Out of 70 dogs, dermatitis ectoparasites(27.1%; Demodex canis 18.6% and Sarcoptes scabie 8.6%) and bacterial pyoderma(40.4%) were diagnosed. Demodex canis and Sarcoptes scabie were common canine ectoparasites, with a higher incidence in short haired breeds and in summer and winter. Bacterial pyoderma was a higher incidence in long haired breeds, and in summer. In the pathogenic agents isolated from 57 dogs(81.4%), single infection rate was 66.7%(38 dogs) and mixed infection rate was, 35.1%(19 dogs). In the majority of mixed infection cases, Gram positive cocci and Malassezia pachydermatis (in 5 cases, 8.8%), as well as ectoparasites(in 6 cases, 10.5%) were demonstrated simultaneously.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2011.02a
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• pp.491-491
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• 2011

Transparent and flexible electronic devices that are light-weight, unbreakable, low power consumption, optically transparent, and mechanical flexible possibly have great potential in new applications of digital gadgets. Potential applications include transparent displays, heads-up display, sensor, and artificial skin. Recent reports on transparent and flexible field-effect transistors (tf-FETs) have focused on improving mechanical properties, optical transmittance, and performances. Most of tf-FET devices were fabricated with transparent oxide semiconductors which mechanical flexibility is limited. And, there have been no reports of transparent and flexible all-organic tf-FETs fabricated with organic semiconductor channel, gate dielectric, gate electrode, source/drain electrode, and encapsulation for sensor applications. We present the first demonstration of transparent, flexible all-organic sensor based on multifunctional organic FETs with organic semiconductor channel, gate dielectric, and electrodes having a capability of sensing infrared (IR) radiation and mechanical strain. The key component of our device design is to integrate the poly(vinylidene fluoride-triflouroethylene) (P(VDF-TrFE) co-polymer directly into transparent and flexible OFETs as a multi-functional dielectric layer, which has both piezoelectric and pyroelectric properties. The P(VDF-TrFE) co-polumer gate dielectric has a high sensitivity to the wavelength regime over 800 nm. In particular, wavelength variations of P(VDF-TrFE) molecules coincide with wavelength range of IR radiation from human body (7000 nm ~14000 nm) so that the devices are highly sensitive with IR radiation of human body. Devices were examined by measuring IR light response at different powers. After that, we continued to measure IR response under various bending radius. AC (alternating current) gate biasing method was used to separate the response of direct pyroelectric gate dielectric and other electrical parameters such as mobility, capacitance, and contact resistance. Experiment results demonstrate that the tf-OTFT with high sensitivity to IR radiation can be applied for IR sensors.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.8-16
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• 2014

The present study was carried out to evaluate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of three extracts (hot water, 50% ethanol and mixed solvent;water, ethanol, butylene glycol, propylene glycol) of dried chestnut, chestnut shell, chestnut leaves and dried chestnut leaves obtained from Castanea crenata tree. When conducted DPPH assay, radical scavenging activity of ethanol extract of chestnut shell was the highest with $IC_{50}$ $10.8{\mu}g/mL$ among four extracts from these parts (p < 0.05). In additional results by the xanthine oxidase assay, antioxidant activity showed that water extract of chestnut leaves showed the highest xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity in the tested extracts (p < 0.05). Futhermore, extracts of chestnut shell and leaves exhibited no cytotoxicity in RAW 264.7 cells (p < 0.05). Also, anti-inflammatory activity by NO assay showed LPS-induced NO was significantly inhibited following treatment with extracts of chestnut shell and leaves of 3mg/mL (p < 0.05). These data suggest that extract of chestnut shell have antioxidant and anti-inflamantory activity including chestnut leaves. Therefore, it is considered that Castanea crenata research range and selection of functional material can broaden chestnut shell to other fractions such as chestnut and chestnut leaves.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.25-28
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• 2016

Purpose: Reconstruction of small defects of the dorsal fingers and toes is a challenging task. Although adipofascial flap is widely used for these areas, additional refinements are warranted. In this paper, we define the appropriate defect size in the finger and toes that can be treated with the adipofascial flap, refine its surgical indications and present a few surgical tips. Materials and Methods: Twelve patients with dorsal defects of the fingers and toes were treated with a random-type adipofascial turn-over flap and skin graft. If the defect area exceeded the size that could be covered by a conventional design, the flap base was designed in oblique or curvilinear fashion to lengthen the flap. For accurate defect coverage, the width of the flap base was designed in an asymmetrical shape depending on the defect configuration, varying the width from 0.3 to 1.0 cm, as opposed to the standard 0.5 to 1.0 cm width. Moreover, the lateral limit of the flap was defined as the lateral axial line. The size of the defect ranged from $3.0{\times}1.7cm$ to $1.5{\times}1.3cm$. Results: All flaps survived completely. Gliding function of the hand was well preserved and there was no evidence of tendon adhesion. Conclusion: The small defect in the dorsal finger and toe can be defined as less than one phalanx-length, measuring about $3.0{\times}2.0cm$ in size. If the defect exceeds this dimension, it is recommended that a different option be considered. We believe the adipofascial flap is an excellent option for treating small defects.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.7 no.6
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• pp.488-494
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• 2013

A food allergy is an adverse health effect arising from a specific immune response that occurs reproducibly upon exposure to a given food. In those with food allergies that are thought to cause aggravation of eczema, food avoidance is important. The objective of this study was to research the nutritional status of patients with food allergies. A total of 225 subjects diagnosed with atopic dermatitis underwent a skin prick test as well as measurement of serum immunoglobulin E. Food challenge tests were conducted using seven food items: milk, eggs, wheat, soybeans, beef, pork, and chicken. At post-food challenge visits to the test clinic, participants completed a three-day dietary record, which included two week days and one weekend day, in order to evaluate energy intake and diet quality during the challenge. We analyzed nutrient intake based on differential food allergens. Subjects with a food allergy to milk showed lower intake of Ca, Zn, and vitamin B2, and subjects with a food allergy to egg showed lower intake of vitamin A, B1, B2, niacin, and cholesterol. Subjects with a food allergy to wheat and soybean showed lower intake of Ca, P, Fe, K, Zn, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, and niacin; and subjects with a food allergy to beef, pork, and chicken showed lower intake of Fe and higher intake of K, vitamin A, B2. Subjects with atopic dermatitis were lacking in several nutrients, including vitamin A and vitamin C. A greater number of food allergies showed an association with a greater number of nutrient intake deficiencies. Allergen avoidance is the basic treatment for atopic dermatitis. However, when the allergen is food, excessive restriction can lead to nutrition deficiency. Findings of this study suggest the necessity for enhanced nutritional education in order to provide substitute foods for patients with food allergies who practice food restriction.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.149-158
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• 2013

We demonstrate enhanced growth, innate immunity and protection against hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$)-induced protein oxidation and cellular DNA damage in olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus fed a chitosan-coated moist pallet (MP) diet. A chitosan-based biopolymer coated MP as the experimental diet and a non-coated MP (control) was fed to olive flounder fish. Growth, including the average weight gain (g/fish), weight gain (%) and feed intake (g) of the fish group fed a chitosan-coated MP diet increased significantly. The survival rate was reported as 100% throughout the experimental period. Immunological parameters indicated higher mucus lysozyme activity and significantly higher fish skin mucus total protein content was observed in fish fed the chitosan-coated MP diet compared to the control. A blood plasma analysis revealed attenuation of cellular DNA and protein oxidative damage caused by $H_2O_2$-induced oxidative stress in the fish fed the chitosan-coated MP diet compared to the control group. Moreover, blood serum biochemical analysis revealed health-promoting effects, including significantly higher hemoglobin and total cholesterol levels in the fish fed the chitosan-coated MP diet compared to the control group. In conclusion, growth, innate immunity and protection against oxidative stresses were improved by feeding of the chitosan-coated MP diet to olive flounder reared in aquaculture.

• Journal of Medicine and Life Science
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.29-32
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• 2020

As respiratory syncytial virus(RSV) is transmitted either via directly contact with an infected case or via indirectly contaminated fomites or skin, the major preventive measures are strict hand hygiene, early detection of transmitted sources, and rapid isolation of RSV patients. Especially early detection of hidden cases is the most critical control measure when an index case was notified in a postpartum center. The Guideline of Korea Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention defines potential contacts in an epidemiologic survey as admitted newborns, parents of index cases, center's workers, and visitors for 10 days before the first diagnosis day of index case. However, it needs to classify potential contacts in more detail in order to conduct a successful survey. Authors conducted to search related literatures and appraise the evidences. Firstly, potential contacts would be classified into RSV-related symptomatic contacts(SxC) and asymptomatic contacts. And then, mother, caring workers, and visitors of the index cases among asymptomatic contacts would be defined as the asymptomatic close contacts(ASCC). Finally, the rest would be defined as the asymptomatic regular contacts(ASRC). The defined test using reverse transcription-PCR is applied to SxC and ASCC, and decision of isolation or regular activities are made according to the results. The rapid antigen detection test kits are applied to ASRC. These suggestions might be helpful to detect hidden cases earlier and prevent a further infection.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Clinical Toxicology
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.105-112
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• 2009

Purpose: There have been local wound complications in patients who have received first aid after venomous snake bites. Yet first aid in relation to local wound complications has not been well studied. Methods: We conducted a 5-year retrospective study of 111 snake bite patients who visited the emergency departments of several medical centers between January 2004 and December 2008. We categorized the patients into those who had complications with inadequate first aid, those who had complications without first aid those who had complications with adequate first aid. We compared the genera characteristics and the laboratory and clinical findings of the three groups. Results: The ale o female ratio was 1.36. The most common bite site was fingers. The most common systemic symptom was dizziness (6.3%) and the most common complication was rhabdomyolysis (23.4%). The inadequate first aids group had more local complications (cellulitis, skin necrosis) than did the group with adequate first aid or the group with no first aids. Conclusion: Inadequate first aid after snake bite leads to local complications, so we must be careful to administer first aid after snake bite and evaluate this first aid in elation to local complications.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.279-289
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• 1999

This study was conducted to investigate the physical characteristics and risk factors for hyperchol-esterolemia (HC) in Korean. 344 adult men who took the annual health check-ups at D or J hospitals were participated in this cross-sectional study. The subjects were grouped by plasma total cholesterol level in to three groups: normal cholesterolemic (n=139) borderline hypercholesterolemic(n=93) and hypercholesterolemic (n=112) groups. The data of height weight and plasma cholesterol level were col-lected from medical records. Body circumferences(midarm, waist, hip, and thight) skinfold thicknesses (biceps, triceps, subcostal, abdomen, and suprailic), and body composition (fat mass and fat free mass) were measured. Body mass index (BMI) height/weight ratio (HWR) waist/hip circumference ratio (WHR) waist/ thigh circumference ratio (WTR) central skinfold thickenss (CSF) and peripheral skin-fold thickness were calculated. The subjects with HC had significantly higher weight BMI waist cir-cumference skinfold thickness and body fat mass than those of the normal subjects. The relative and attributable risks on HC were 1.61 and 0.17 for obesity (BMI$\geq$25) 1,30 and 0.11 for upper body obesity (WTR$\geq$1.30) and 1.54 and 0.18 for central body obesity (CSF$\geq$95.7). Plasma total cholesterol level was positively correlated with several antropometric parameters: BMI (p<0.001) weight(p<0.001) waist circumference(p<0.001) and skinfold thickness of abdomen (p<0.001) spraillic (p<0.01) triceps(p<0.01) subcostal (p<0.01) and biceps (p<0.05) In conclusion the major influencing factors to plasma cholesterol level was BMI. Among the each physical parameters the circumference of waist the skinfol-d thickness of abdomen and the percentage of body fat were closely related to plasma cholesterol level. The important risk factor for hypercholesterolemia was obesity specially upper body obesity and central body obesity.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.707-713
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• 2015

Royal jelly has been widely used as a health supplement worldwide. However, royal jelly has been implicated in allergic reactions, and we developed a water-soluble royal jelly (WSRJ) without the allergy inducing protein. In this study, we aimed to identify the anti-melanogenic efficacy of WSRJ. B16F1 melanoma cells were first treated with 10 nM α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH) and then with various doses of WSRJ. In addition, we investigated the mRNA and protein expression of melanogenesis-related genes such as tyrosinase, tyrosinase related protein-1 (TRP-1) and TRP-2 by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. WSRJ directly inhibited tyrosinase and cellular tyrosinase activity, which decreased melanin synthesis in α-MSH stimulated B16F1 melanoma cells a level comparable to that observed with arbutin. WSRJ decreased the mRNA and protein expressions of tyrosinase, TRP-1, and TRP-2, which was comparable to that observed with arbutin. WSRJ has strong anti-melanogenic activity, which invoice direct inhibition of tyrosinase enzyme activity and suppression of expression of melanogenesis related genes. Results from this study suggests that WSRJ is a potential candidate for the treatment of skin pigmentation.