• CELLMED
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.7.1-7.9
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• 2011

Bioelectric impedance measurements have been reported to show significant variation between individuals. Different physiological conditions like thickened skin, obesity, and fluid retention can affect the impedance measurement. Therefore, it is important to learn what other factors can affect the measurements of impedance even in healthy individuals. Such information is a prerequisite for understanding the changes in impedance associated with acupuncture treatment. This study investigated the bio-impedance properties of tissue segments in the arms of a number of healthy subjects, so as to define the factors that might influence the variation of the bio-impedance data in acupuncture meridians studies. 51 healthy subjects were recruited through Liverpool Hospital, Sydney. Demographic data was collected from each subject including the age, sex, BMI, and time since most recent meal. Electrodes were applied to the forearms of each test subject. Measurements were done by a purpose-built Bio-Impedance Research Device (BIRD-I) which allowed the determination of core resistance (Rc) and core reactance (Xc) of each of the three meridian tissue segments on the anterior surface of the forearm. No significant difference was found in the core resistance attributable to age group, gender, BMI or meal intake. However, a statistically significant trend in increasing resistance from the radial to ulnar aspect of the forearm (p < 0.001) was found. No significant difference was found in the core resistance of test tissue segments among the 51 healthy subjects measured in this study. However, the trend of increasing core resistance from the radial to ulnar aspects of the arm deserves further investigation.

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.77-91
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• 2015

The appeal of sauna is caused by the fact that through that, one can feel Korea's unique temperament and culture; however, because of its being a public facility and flooding of businesses due to excessive supplies of various additional features such as washing, playing, eating, sleeping and health care functions, issues of social resources and environment come to the fore, so it has reached a situation of red ocean that it is difficult to enter the market anymore. Taking these into account, this study focused on developing a thermal technology and design of the housing of an environment-friendly mobile home sauna, making the most use of the sauna's fundamental purpose and settling it as a tourist product, analyzing the marketing research on the existing sauna and considering the recent housing trends and lifestyles for a new concept sauna. Thus, regarding its characteristics and utilization, it was designed smaller than $10m^2$ (3 pyeong) so that it would be easy to install in any space and convenient to move. It can be installed in separate buildings and rest spaces such as country houses, resorts, pensions, camping grounds as well as outdoor houses, custom produced for a measure of pyeong that customers want so as to match up with the Enforcement Ordinance of the Agricultural Land Act in a concept of the farmer's hut and kitchen, bathroom and bathroom can be installed inside according to an option. In addition, regarding its efficacy, in order to give environment-friendly healing effects, materials such as Hinoki Cypress, red clay and hardwood charcoal were used, a fixed indoor temperature of $70{\sim}100^{\circ}C$ was maintained by heating methods such as electromagnetic wave free, energy saving and low-power boiler, and it was made to have excellent effects on fatigue recovery, relieving stress, skin care and diet through far-infrared emission.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.29-35
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• 2010

The present study was carried out to investigate the hepatoprotective effect of water extract of Lithospermum erythrorhizon on acute hepatotoxicity induced in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats by a single dose of galactosamine (400 mg/kg, i.p). The animals were divided into four groups. The animals in the Con group were fed basal diet. GalN group were administered with galactosamine. LE200 and LE500 groups treated with water extract of Lithospermum erythrorhizon (such as 200 and 500 mg/kg/day, p.o) for 7 days before galactosamine injection. In the change of AST, ALT, ALP, GGT and LDH contents, as compared with GalN group, LE200 group were significantly decreased. According to the electron microscopical observation, liver cells were increased the lipid droplet, change of mitochondria in the GalN compared with LE200. These results suggest that administration of water extract of Lithospermum erythrorhizon suppress or retard galactosamine induced acute liver injury.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.103-108
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to determine the hair growth effects of lavender oil (LO) in female C57BL/6 mice. The experimental animals were divided into a normal group (N: saline), a vehicle control group (VC: jojoba oil), a positive control group (PC: 3% minoxidil), experimental group 1 (E1: 3% LO), and experimental group 2 (E2: 5% LO). Test compound solutions were topically applied to the backs of the mice ($100{\mu}L$ per application), once per day, 5 times a week, for 4 weeks. The changes in hair follicle number, dermal thickness, and hair follicle depth were observed in skin tissues stained with hematoxylin and eosin, and the number of mast cells was measured in the dermal and hypodermal layers stained with toluidine blue. PC, E1, and E2 groups showed a significantly increased number of hair follicles, deepened hair follicle depth, and thickened dermal layer, along with a significantly decreased number of mast cells compared to the N group. These results indicated that LO has a marked hair growth-promoting effect, as observed morphologically and histologically. There was no significant difference in the weight of the thymus among the groups. However, both absolute and relative weights of the spleen were significantly higher in the PC group than in the N, VC, E1, or E2 group at week 4. Thus, LO could be practically applied as a hair growth-promoting agent.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.147-152
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• 1991

Trichophyton mentagrophytes was described as a primary cause of mycotic dermatitis in two young goats housed together in a humid, ill-ventilated and unhygienic byre. The diagnosis in both the cases was established on the detection of fungal element in the skin scrapings by potassium hydroxide technique and isolation of the pathogen in pure growth on mycological medium at 30$^{\circ}C$. The lesions were found on the face of one kid and on the neck and ear of another one. Two adult goats housed in the same enclosure were found to be free from this disease. Further, there was no evidence of ringworm in the goat owner and his family members. Genetic crossing of both the isolates on modified sunflower seed medium indicated that they belonged to (―) mating type. Hair performation test revealed the keratolytic activity of both the strains of T. mentagrophytes. The public health significance and chemotherapy are also discussed. The question of source of infection could not be emphatically established.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.397-404
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• 2003

The present study was designed to compare the nutritional status of hemodialysis (HD) and continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients. Subjects were 58 HD patients (male/female = 29/29) and 33 CAPD patients (male/female = 23/10) undergoing dialysis treatment in Artificial Kidney Unit of Chonbuk National University Hospital. For nutritional assessment, %IBW (ideal body weight), %TSF (tricep skin fold), %MAC (mid arm circumference), %MAMC (mid arm muscle circumference), serum albumin, serum transferrin, TLC (total lymphocyte count), SGA (subjective global assessment) and estimated energy and protein intakes by 1-month food frequency method were used. Between HD and CAPD group, mean age (50 $\pm$ 12 vs. 52 $\pm$ 12 yr), dialysis durations (37 $\pm$ 36 vs. 30 $\pm$ 26 mon), dietary energy intakes (28.3 $\pm$ 9.0 vs. 28.8 $\pm$ 8.6 kcal/kg/day), dietary protein intakes (1.1 $\pm$ 0.4 vs. 1.2 $\pm$ 0.3 g/kg/day) and incidence of co-morbid conditions (69.0% vs. 69.7%) were not significantly different. Data by using SGA showed a higher incidence of malnutrition in CAPD patients (45.6%) than in HD patients (36.2%). %IBW (p < 0.001), %TSF (p < 0.001) and %MAC (p < 0.001) were higher in CAPD patients than were in HD patients. But serum albumin (p < 0.001) and transferrin (p < 0.001) were significantly lower in CAPD patients than were in HD patients. A higher incidence of malnutrition was shown in CAPD Patients than in HD Patients due to different dialysis type. A significant finding was that CAPD showed protein deficient malnutrition and HD did calorie deficient malnutrition. It suggests that an adequate dietary intake considering dialysis type prevents a prevalence of malnutrition.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.262-267
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• 2005

Reactive oxygen species can be generated in the skin by hair dyeing. The aim of this study was to find out the effects of the oxidative-type hair dye application in young women on the antioxidant systems. We investigated the lipid peroxide levels, glutathione (GSH) levels, and the antioxidant enzyme activities including superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx) in plasma and erythrocytes and catalase (CAT) in erythrocytes, and DNA damages in lymphocytes. Also, plasma concentrations of antioxidant vitamins, vitamin A and E, were measured and the correlations between various antioxidant parameters and oxidative damages were evaluated The antioxidant enzyme activities in plasma (GSHPx) and in erythrocytes (SOD and CAT) were decreased significantly after hair dyeing. 1be lipid peroxide and GSH levels were not affected in both plasma and erythrocytes. No significant difference was found in the concentrations of both vitamin A and E between before and after hair dyeing. However, DNA damages expressed as the tail extent moment (TEM) and tail length (TL) were significantly (p<0.001) increased. The plasma vitamin E concentration was correlated with DNA damages (TEM: r=-0.590, p<0.01 and TL: r=-0.533. p<0.01) and RBC SOD activity (r=0.570, p<0.05). In turn, RBC SOD activity was significantly correlated with both plasma MDA levels (r=-0.412, p<0.05) and DNA damages (TM: r=-0.546, p<0.01, TL: r=-0.493, p<0.01). Our results demonstrated that the exposure to hair dyeing produced lymphocyte DNA damage and modification of the antioxidant enzyme activities. Also, there were very strong associations between plasma vitamin E concentration, RBC SOD activity and DNA damage induced by hair dyeing. It suggests that the antioxidant status of a subject is likely to be related to the extent of the harmful effects caused by hair dyeing.

• Proceedings of the KAIS Fall Conference
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• 2009.12a
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• pp.390-394
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• 2009

In this study, partition coefficients(Kw) of phenoxyethanol in oil-water phase according to type of oils was investigated. Partition coefficients(Kw) were experimented by classified oils that hydrocarbones, fatty alcohols, fatty acids, esters, triglycerides and silicones. It was found that partition coefficients(Kw) of hydrocarbons and silicones were low, but partition coefficients(Kw) of fatty acids, fatty alcohols, esters and triglycerides were high. It was known that the emulsions which were made of oils having low partition coefficients value had a good antimicrobial effects. Thus, the cosmetics stability of microorganisms and skin safety of phenoxyethanol could be improved by using the oils which have low partition coefficients value.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.903-906
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• 2011

Purpose: Accessory tragus is a fairly common congenital malformation and usually located at pretragal area. Surgical removal is a common treatment of accessory tragus irrespective of location and morphology. Most accessory tragi do not have depression site around them, but some do. So in those cases, simple surgical excision was not enough to promote the aesthetic facial appearance. For depression site remodeling, the excess amount of skin and cartilage need to be remained partially instead of total excision. This method can achieve the symmetric contour of pretragal area. The authors excised the epidermis and cartilaginous tissue totally and remained the dermis for reconstruction of the depression site around accessory tragus. The depression site is filled with dermal turnover flap. The purpose of this report is to present new idea to promote cosmetic result in treatment of accessory tragus containing the depression site. Methods: Two patients had a pair of accessory tragi at pretragal area. One was a common featured accessory tragus, but the other was different. Depression site was found around accessory tragus. After epidermis and cartilaginous tissue were removed from it, dermis component was used as turnover flap for reconstruction of depression site. Results: After accessory tragus was removed and depression site was reconstructed, facial contour and cosmetic result was achieved. Complication such as flap necrosis and wound dehiscence was not observed. Conclusion: The accessory tragus has variant morphology and degree of invasive depth. And some has a depression site around them. In those cases, simple surgical removal results in morphological distorsion and do not promote facial symmetry. The authors suggest dermal turnover flap as reconstruction method of the depression site. This method improves both surgical outcome and cosmetic result.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.153-165
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• 2003

This study was carried out to evaluate the body fat breakdown during topical seaweed extract treatment and in combination with the iontophoresis method to enhance skin absorption of lipolytic compounds. Of 14 female obesity subjects, 7 treated a gel types of seaweed extract only(control group) and 7 treated in combination with the iontophoresis(experimental group). Topical treatment of each sample was designed for 2 weeks, treated with 2 times a day about $10m{\ell}$ on the abdomen, triceps and thigh, respectively. Experimental group treat with the iontophoresis during 5 minutes immediately after topical treatment. After one and two weeks of topical treatment, measured body fat, skinfolds thickness, body circumference respectively. Then venous blood samples were taken and analyzed serum lipids. The results were as follows; 1) There were decrement of body weight, $\%$ of body fat, abdomen, triceps and thigh circumference and abdomen, triceps and thigh thickness between pre and post treatment in both group. These decrement were predominant in the iontophoresis treated group. Especially, there were $16\%$ of body fat decrement in the experimental group after two weeks iontophoresis treatment(control group VS experimental group = $33.54{\pm}2.70$ VS $28.37{\pm}3.38$, p<0.01). 2) There were decrement in total CHOL, LDL, TRIG and increment in HDL in both group. These phenomena were predominant in the iontophoresis treated group. CHOL decrement in the experimental group were significant after two weeks iontophoresis treatment(control group VS experimental group = $190.24{\pm}34.36$ VS $157.76{\pm}24.45$, p<0.001). These results suggest that the topical treatment of seaweed extract effective for fat breakdown and maximized in the combination with the topical seaweed extracts treatment and the iontophoresis.