• 한국산업정보학회논문지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.81-88
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• 2002

보 논문에서는 각 주제도를 표현하는 선의 굵기가 서로 다른 두 개의 주제도를 포함하는 래스터 영상으로부터 각 주제도를 분리추출하는 기법을 제안한다. 제안된 기법에서는 각 화소에 대해 그 화소가 주변 화소들로부터 둘러싸인 정도를 표현하는 정도인 깊이를 계산하고 나서 세선화를 수행한다. 세선화된 결과에 깊이 문턱치를 이용하여 먼저 두 개의 주제도로 분리한다. 분리된 각 주제도에는 골격선과 무관한 잡영과 골격선의 끊어짐이 존재한다. 각 주제도에서 잡영을 제거하고 끊어진 골격선을 연결하여 분리추출을 완성한다. 실험을 통하여 제안된 기법이 두 개의 주제도를 포함하는 래스터 영상으로부터 각 주제도를 분리추출 하는데 유용하게 사용할 수 있음을 보였다.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:소프트웨어및응용
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• 제31권9호
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• pp.1121-1130
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• 2004

본 논문에서는 인쇄체 텍스트 영상에 대한 문자열 분리 방법과 어절 분리 방법을 제안한다. 문자열 분리 방법은 수평 투영 프로파일을 분석하고, 오분리된 문자열에 대하여 재귀적 투영 프로파일 (Recursive Projection Profile) 분석을 수행한다. 어절 단위 분리는 문자열에 대한 연결요소 분석을 통하여 gap을 검출한 후, 계층적 군집화 기법에 의해 어절과 어절 사이에 존재하는 gap을 판별하여 어절 분리점을 결정한다. 또한 어절과 어절 사이에 존재하는 특수기호를 검출하여 어절 분리점을 추가하기 위해서, 연결요소의 종횡비와 골격선(skeleton)의 형태적 특징을 고려한다. 제안 방법의 성능 평가를 위하여 총 84 개의 텍스트 영상에 대하여 실험하였고, 국내 상용 OCR 소프트웨어인 아르미와 성능 비교하였다. 최종 어절 분리에 대하여 제안 방법과 아르미가 각각 99.92%와 97.58%의 성능으로 측정됨으로써 제안 방법이 아르미에 비해 우수함을 보였다.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.7-22
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• 2013

The purpose of this paper is to study on the spatial characteristics from the "The Holy Trinity" fresco painted by Masaccio in the early Renaissance paintings. The results of this study are as follows. 1. The elevation composition of the "The Holy Trinity" fresco is divided into the upper and lower structure through horizontal axis on horizontal line around vanishing point. The upper structure is composed of vertical axis formed through the disposition of the "Trinity" elements and horizontal axis on horizontal line. The lower structure is composed of the sarcophagus and skeleton in such inside and the altar supported through circular columns of left and right. 2. The section composition of the "The Holy Trinity" fresco is composed of the ceiling structure of cylindrical-shaped vault on upper part around basic square floor plan that is interior space and upper structure. The exterior space and lower structure is placed with sarcophagus in inner part that altar and step is projected as same height and width in the outside direction. 3. The basic floor composition of the "The Holy Trinity" fresco is planned by square shape around structural columns that is placed at corners as symmetry through transverse, longitudinal and diagonal axis. The whole floor composition planned through the altar and step that is in exterior space at front, the apse of round form at rear part and the structure of the middle story concept at interior. 4. The visual aspect of the "The Holy Trinity" fresco is composed of the stable balance in relation with distance and height because the interior and exterior space as well as the upper structure and lower structure is formed by regular proportion system. The elevation angle of visual range was planned to view in detail generally or partially the architectural composition system and element, characters through proper visual distance, center and position.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.719-741
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• 2014

Monitoring surface cracks is important to ensure the health of concrete structures. However, traditional visual inspection to monitor the concrete cracks has disadvantages such as subjective inspection nature, associated time and cost, and possible danger to inspectors. To alter the visual inspection, a complete procedure for automated crack assessment based on adaptive digital image processing has been proposed in this study. Crack objects are extracted from the images using the subtraction with median filter and the local binarization using the Niblack's method. To adaptively. determine the optimal window sizes for the median filter and the Niblack's method without distortion of crack object an optimal filter size index (OFSI) is proposed. From the extracted crack objects using the optimal size of window, the crack objects are decomposed to the crack skeletons and edges, and the crack width is calculated using 4-connected normal line according to the orientation of the local skeleton line. For an image, a crack width nephogram is obtained to have an intuitive view of the crack distribution. The proposed procedure is verified from a test on a concrete reaction wall with various types of cracks. From the crack images with different crack widths and patterns, the widths of cracks in the order of submillimeters are calculated with high accuracy.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.1561-1580
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• 2015

No significant improvement has been observed on the seismic performance of the ordinary steel reinforced concrete (SRC) columns compared with the reinforced concrete (RC) columns mainly because I, H or core cross-shaped steel cannot provide sufficient confinement for core concrete. Two improved SRC columns by constructing with new-type section steel were put forward on this background: a cross-shaped steel whose flanges are in contact with concrete cover by extending the geometry of webs, and a rotated cross-shaped steel whose webs coincide with diagonal line of the column's section. The advantages of new-type SRC columns have been proved theoretically and experimentally, while construction measures and seismic behavior remain unclear when the new-type columns are joined onto SRC beams. Seismic behavior of SRC joints with new-type section steel were experimentally investigated by testing 5 specimens subjected to low reversed cyclic loading, mainly including the failure patterns, hysteretic loops, skeleton curves, energy dissipation capacity, strength and stiffness degradation and ductility. Effects of steel shape, load angel and construction measures on seismic behavior of joints were also analyzed. The test results indicate that the new-type joints display shear failure pattern under seismic loading, and steel and concrete of core region could bear larger load and tend to be stable although the specimens are close to failure. The hysteretic curves of new-type joints are plumper whose equivalent viscous damping coefficients and ductility factors are over 0.38 and 3.2 respectively, and this illustrates the energy dissipation capacity and deformation ability of new-type SRC joints are better than that of ordinary ones with shear failure. Bearing capacity and ductility of new-type joints are superior when the diagonal cross-shaped steel is contained and beams are orthogonal to columns, and the two construction measures proposed have little effect on the seismic behavior of joints.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.349-358
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• 1996

부정교합을 치료하기 위해 영구치 발거여부를 결정하는 것은 교정학의 역사상 커다란 논쟁거리였고, 따라서 진단과정에서 사용되는 많은 분석법들과 발치의 기준들이 제시되었다. 이제까지 제시되어 온 발치기준들(Extraction formulas)을 검토해 보면, 치열궁 장경 부조화, 치열의 전방돌출, 그리고 환자의 골격형태에 기초하여 발치를 결정함을 알 수 있다. 이들 중에서 가장 중요하게 고려되어야 할 진단요소는 환자의 골격형태로, 결국 개개 환자의 부정교합은 그 환자의 골격형태 범위 내에서 치료되어야 하기 때문이다. EI(Extraction Index)는 환자의 골격형태를 감별진단 할수 있는 CF를 기본으로 구성되어 있고, CF는 부정교합의 수직적, 수평적 요소를 감별해내는 ODI이와 APDI로 이루어져 있다. 또한 피에는 환자의 안모에 영향을 미치는 절치간 각과 입술의 전후방 위치가 포함되어 있어서 안모형태도 고려되어 있다. 본 연구에서는 정상 교합자로서 골격이 조화를 이루며 좋은 안모를 가지고 있고 교정치료를 받은 적이 없는 11.2 - 14.4 세의 아동을 대상으로 하여 두부계측 방사선 사진을 분석하여 EI에 관련된 항목들을 측정한 결과, 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. ODI이는 $73.5^{\circ}$, APDI는 $82.8^{\circ}$, CF는 $156.3^{\circ}$ 였다. 2. 절치간 각은 $123.6^{\circ}$ 였다. 3. E-line에 대한 상순의 거리는 0.0mm, 하순은 1.4mm 였다. 4. Extraction Index는 153.8 였다.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.219-227
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• 2017

Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of bobsleigh shoes on the lower extremity range of motion and start speed lap time and to develop bobsleigh shoes suitable for winter environments and Korean players based on sports science and optimized biomechanical performance. Background: The bobsleigh shoes used in the start section of the sport are one of the most important equipment for improving athletes' performances. Despite the importance of the start section, there are no shoes that are specifically designed for Korean bobsleigh athletes. Thus, Korean athletes have to wear sprint spike shoes instead of bobsleigh shoes to practice the start. Method: The subjects included four bobsleigh athletes from the Gangwon Province Bobsleigh Skeleton Federation. The study selected the bobsleigh shoe type A (company A) and type B (company B). We analyzed the lower extremity range of motion and sprint time (start line to 10 m) using a Motion Analysis System (USA). Results: In the measurement of the time required for the bobsleigh start section (10 m), the type A shoes demonstrated the fastest section record by $2.765{\pm}0.086sec$ and yielded more efficient movements, hip and knee flexion, hip extension, ankle dorsiflexion, plantar flexion, and inversion than the type B shoes. Conclusion: Type A shoes can yield a better performance via effective lower extremity movements in the bobsleigh start section. Application: In the future, functional analysis should be conducted by comparing the upper material properties, comfort, and muscle fatigue of bobsleigh shoes based on the Type A shoes to develop such shoes suitable for Koreans.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제45권6호
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• pp.396-400
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• 2012

Background: Surgery has been the classical treatment of pectus carinatum (PC), though compressive orthotic braces have shown successful results in recent years. We propose a non-operative approach using a lightweight, patient-controlled dynamic chest-bracing device. Materials and Methods: Eighteen patients with PC were treated between July 2008 and June 2009. The treatment involved fitting of the brace, which was worn for at least 20 hours per day for 6 months. Their degree of satisfaction (1, no correction; 4, remarkable correction) was measured at 12 months after the initiation of the treatment. Results: Thirteen (72.2%) patients completed the treatment (mean time, $4.9{\pm}1.4$ months). In patients who completed the treatment, the mean overall satisfaction score was $3.73{\pm}0.39$. The mean satisfaction score was 4, and there was no recurrence of pectus carinatum in patients who underwent the treatment for at least 6 months. Minimal recurrence of pectus carinatum after removal of the compressive brace occurred in 5 (38.5%) patients who stopped wearing the compressive brace at 4 months. Conclusion: Compressive bracing results in a significant improvement in PC appearance in patients with an immature skeleton. However, patient compliance and diligent follow-up appear to be paramount for the success of this method of treatment. We currently offer this approach as a first-line treatment for PC.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.131-170
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• 1991

This study was designed to analyze morphological characteristics of Korean young adults, norms and standard deviation of variables, sexual differences, correlationship between each area of face and correlationship between hard tissue and soft tissue. The primary sample consisted of 45 males and 57 females who were early and middle twenties and had acceptable profile, no history of previous orthodontic treatment, absence of remarkably large overjet and overbite, full complement of permanent teeth, Class I skeletal and dental relationships and good vertical facial proportions. Their cephalograms were analyzed morphologically with a computer morphometrics. Then the final sample - 25 males and 38 females - were selected within 1 S.D. of E-line, ANB, P/A facial height ratio, Interincisal angle, L1 to A-Pog, ODI and APDI. The results of the study were as follows: 1 In the form and proportion of facial skeleton there were no significant differences between males and females, but in the size males were larger than females. 2. The dental protrusion patterns had no significant sexual difference and no significant correlationship between protrusion of upper lip and inclination of upper incisor. But mentolabial angle had positively correlated with interincisal angle and negatively with inclination of upper and lower incisor. 3. In the relationship between nose and soft-tissue profile, males were larger than females in nasal length, height and angular measurements. 4. In analysis of soft-tissue profile, males were larger than females in the length and thickness. In the angular measurements and proportion of soft-tissue profile, there were no significant differences between males and females.

• 한국어류학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.137-143
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• 2018

이 연구의 목적은 우리나라 연안에 서식하는 두줄망둑의 자치어 골격발달을 관찰하여 분류학적 연구자료로 이용하는 것이다. 부화 후 7일째 평균전장 $4.44{\pm}0.28mm$ (n=5) 일 때 섭이기능을 하는 윗턱에는 전상악골, 주상악골이 골화하였고, 아래턱에는 악골이 골화하기 시작하였다. 부화 후 13일째 평균전장 $5.62{\pm}0.24mm$ (n=5) 일 때 두개골의 액골, 노정골, 상이골이 골화하였다. 부화 후 32일째 평균전장 $11.8{\pm}0.28mm$ (n=5) 일 때는 견대부에 사출골, 후쇄골이 골화하였고, 부화 후 40일째 평균전장 $13.3{\pm}0.21mm$ (n=5) 일 때 두개골의 측사골이 골화하면서 모든 골격의 골화가 완료되었다.