• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.83-91
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• 2008

This study was designed to figure out the changes in elderly women's foot size and shape by aging, to propose size specification for elderly women's shoes, and to produce regression equations using representative measurements items to estimate other measurements usually hard to get. Subjects were 118 women of 30-59 years and the 227 elderly women over 60 years. Martin's anthropometry was done on the right foot of each subject for 25 items. And 11 indirect measurement items were measured on both foot printing sole outline and picture in profile taken by digital camera. For statistical analysis on the anthropometric measurements by SPSS program, analysis of variance, post-hoc test(SNK-test), crosstabulation, multiple correlation analysis, regression analysis were performed. The results of the study are as follows. Firstly, it was found that the foot figures of elderly women over 60 years were smaller in girth and width than those of below 60 years. In addition, it was revealed that a big toe and a little toe of elderly women showed a tendency concentrating to the central axis of feet. The foot index of elderly was smaller in width and girth. Secondly, foot size distribution table of elderly group showed wider size ranges and covered smaller sizes than the below the age of 60, meaning wide variation in foot size of elderly women. Thirdly, the multiple correlation analysis showed high correlation of foot length/girth to other measurements, suggesting these two items could be used as representative items for elderly women's shoe size specification as other age groups. Regression equations were produced using foot length/girth to estimate other measurements, suggesting such items could be estimated effectively and utilized in on/off-line shoe manufacturing shop as heel to big toe length, heel to little toe length, exterior malleouls width, instep girth, ankle girth, etc. These results imply prudent features of elderly women's foot as diversity of foot shape and wide size specification range should be applied for ergonomic shoe design for them.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.59-70
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• 2002

For the purpose of providing basic data for the development of size specifications for middle-aged women in Busan, one dimensional measurements were made with the subjects. ranging 45 to 59 in age. The following are the conclusions : 1) According to ages, the middle and elder groups of the middle-aged women shared similar body types, having shorter height, more lowered bust. and increased upper-body depth and girth factors, compared with the earlier middle-aged women group. But the thigh girth of the elder middle-aged group (age: 55∼59) was the lowest, maybe owing to the aged lower-body muscles. 2) In the comparison with national averages. armhole girth, elbow girth, wrist girth. back waist length, side neck point-B.P.-waist line, and sleeve length showed great differences. This is problematic in that the national size standards fail to reflect each legion\`s peculiar body type characteristics. 3) Even though body types were classified according to drop value criteria suggested by KS specifications, 23.05% did not belong to the criteria. They were thus classified as A, N, and H body types, following the distribution of the present experiment. 4) In consideration of the economy factor of the production and sales of the clothes industry, the combinations of height and chest garth for the middle-aged Busan women were as follows: 155cm-85cm (Body Type A) 150cm-88cm (Body Type N), and 155cm-94cm (Body Type H).

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.357-363
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• 2019

To the basic information of patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage due to rupture of cerebral aneurysm treated with coil embolization, and to identify the general trend of treatment through classification according to hospitalization route, residence distribution, location and size of cerebral aneurysm, and procedure. A total of 164 patients with ruptured cerebral aneurysms treated with coil embolization were 54(32.9%) males and 110(67.1%) females. The sex and frequency of occurrence by age group were the most in 50s(31.3%), and among them, females were the most. The hospitalization route was the most common in 122(74.4%) people who were admitted to the emergency room through 119 evacuation, 79(48.2%) patients lived in where hospitals belong to the hospital. The season had 23(14%) in December, 18(11%) in January, 15(9.1%) in February, and the anterior circulation was 153(93%). The largest size was 5-7 mm found in 63(38.4%) patients. Patients underwent initial coil embolization for subarachnoid hemorrhage due to cerebral aneurysm rupture treated more patients than the incidence of the population. As a result of cerebral aneurysm rupture was seasonally affected, and winter occurs more frequently, female than male, age 50 is most common, and ruptured cerebral aneurysm is 5-7 mm in size.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.94 no.5 s.162
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• pp.313-320
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• 2005

This study was performed in a 38-year-old Mongolian pine (Pinus sylvestris L. var. mongolica Litvin) plantation in northeast China. Data were collected from 5 sample trees with different canopy position ranging in DBH from 14.6 cm to 23.8 cm. Sawn speciments that included the biggest knot were taken from the stem below the living crown. Number and distribution of knots per whorl below the living crown were studied by relative height below living crown (RHBC). A linear model expressed as function of whorl age (AGE), whorl height ($H_k$) and the stem diameter at which the whorl was located ($D_k$) was developed to predict the knot diameter and angle. The number of annual rings in four periods and the width of respective zone alone stem were used as dependant variables to analyze the knot develop phases. In average, the number of years from branch birth to ceased forming rings was 7.8, the branches remained alive for 4.2 years without forming annual rings, and branches were occluded 14.4 years after their death. These results can provide abundance branch and knot information so as to describe current and past tree growth dynamic of Mongolian pine plantation.

• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.539-550
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• 2011

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate distribution of the admitted patients with disease of oral cavity, salivary glands and jaws, current clinical treatment condition and clinical dental practice. Methods: The subject were 4,564 patients with disease of oral cavity, salivary glands and jaws of the Korean National Hospital Discharge Injury Survey 2004-2008 data. This study was carried out using the administrative database including patients' characteristics and comorbidity. The statistical analysis for ratio, gender, age, region, primary diagnosis, comorbidity, operation, hospital location and bed size of inpatients in Korean National Hospital Discharge Injury Survey was conducted by frequency analysis. Results: Among the total discharge injury patients in 2004-2008, the trend showed decrease of ratio of patients with disease of oral cavity, salivary glands and jaws. The portion of male was higher than female, and 20~29 age group was the highest portion compared with other age groups. Seoul-Gyunggi region was the highest among the other residences. patients with Dentofacial anomalies[including malocclusion] as primary diagnosis, digestive system as comorbidity and operations on facial bones and joins showed the highest portion respectively. Seoul-Gyunggi region was the highest portion compared with other residences. 500~999 bed size showed the highest portion. Conclusion: In this study showed that distribution of patients with disease of oral cavity, salivary glands and jaws, current dental clinical treatment condition using the Korean National Hospital data.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.16 no.9
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• pp.79-99
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• 2018

Purpose - Food consumption in Korea has changed in paradigm as it has grown qualitatively in the past in quantitative shortages. Consumer food consumption patterns are rapidly changing due to changes in economic, social and population conditions, scientific and technological development, climate change, and market opening. At the same time, there is a need to actively respond to these changes in terms of the food industry, market, and government policy. The purpose of this study is to examine the changes and characteristics of food consumption expenditure of Korean consumers in-depth and depth in order to provide implications for agriculture, food market and policymakers. Research design, data, and methodology - We analyzed various food consumption changes from the 1980s to 2015 through Household Income and Expenditure Survey raw data from MDIS(Microdata Integrated Service) of Statistics Korea. and conducted the age effect, generation effect, and year effect by cohort analysis. We also conducted comparisons with OECD countries on several indicators. Results - Food consumption spending was slow, and there was no significant change in home consumption, while eating out consumption increased about 20 times in 2015 compared to 1980. Income, age, residential area, number of household members showed significant changes in food consumption. According to the cohort analysis, the changes in the food consumption structure are largely due to age effect, and the year, age, and generation effects are different for each food item. Conclusions - Food consumption has a significant impact on not only the nutritional status of consumers but ultimately the public health. Therefore, they should be regarded as a strategic policy area of central government rather than a matter of size and change of food consumption expenditure.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.30 no.5 s.153
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• pp.779-787
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• 2006

Pantyhose is a close-fitting garment. Consumers are highly sensitive to any progress done in fitting their lower body and increasing comfort. However, pantyhose manufactured in Korea are only one-sized. The purpose of this study is to suggest the size designation of pantyhose, using new human body measurement data which were gained from the Year 2004 SIZE KOREA project. For the purpose of this study, the ISO standards and JIS standards were reviewed and questionnaire was carried out to manufacturers and distribution companies. The results are as follows: First, for a difference with size standards established in 2002, applicable age range was expanded from 15 to 70 year-old women to entirely include persons who wear panty hose. Secondly considering the actual condition that panty hose is producing in single size in most companies due to its elasticity of material, number of size was reduced from five to four. Thirdly basic parts of body which were applied to panty hose are height and hip girth. And size of panty hose is decided by a chart which is composed of height-axis and hip-axis.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.35 no.11
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• pp.1346-1361
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• 2011

This study examined the body characteristics, perceived body size and body-cathexis according to the stature of women aged 18 to 59. Special focus was on women of short stature; in addition, the study searched for the proper clothing fit and satisfaction level for short women. The 2010 SizeKorea data of 2,586 women aged 18 to 59 was analyzed statistically to find the distribution of stature according to 4 age groups along with the body characteristics and proportion of 3 stature groups in each age group. A questionnaire was conducted with responses from 412 women aged 18 to 59, and the perceived body size and satisfaction with body size of 3 stature groups were studied with 5 Likert scales. Although the stature of Korean women has increased, short stature women (those under 155cm) still represent a high percentage of individuals in Korea. Short women (small in height and length) had unique body characteristics in width, depth, and girth that were distinguished from the characteristics of medium or tall women. Especially, the lower body part of short women had distinct characteristics. Accordingly, it is undesirable to reflect the same ease or same body proportion in clothing construction for the 3 stature groups. Short women perceived their stature and length of upper or lower body as too short and the satisfaction with their body size was lower than medium or tall women. To upgrade the clothing fit and satisfaction of short women, it is necessary to reflect the unique body characteristics of short women in clothing design and construction.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.81.1-81.1
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• 2010

We present a study of five open clusters (Alessi 53, Berkeley 49, Berkeley 84, Czernik 5, Pfleiderer 3) based on ugriz images of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). Physical properties of these clusters are not yet well known. The center and size of these clusters are determined using the radial number density profile. Using the proper motion data, we select the members of the target clusters. We estimate physical parameters of the clusters based on the isochrone fitting in the Color-Magnitude Diagram (CMD) : reddening, distance, and age. The foreground reddening is determined to be E(B-V)=0.71-1.55 mag. The distances to target clusters are derived to be 2.0-4.4 kpc, corresponding to the galactocentric distances of 7.5-11.9 kpc. Their ages are in the range of 280 to 1000 Myr. Their spatial distribution in our Galaxy is similar to that of other intermediate-age open clusters. We find ten blue straggler star candidates in Berkeley 49. This number of blue stragglers is a typical value for the age of Berkeley 49.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
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• 2005.05a
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• pp.291-294
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• 2005

The microstructure evolution of Alloy 718 during the direct age(DA) process was predicted using the recrystallization model and finite element analysis. The DA process of Alloy 718 was performed in two-step forging using capsulated cylindrical billets of 122mm in diameter and 180mm in height. In order to evaluate the microstructural change during the forging, a dynamic recrystallization model of Alloy 718 was implemented onto the user-subroutine of the commercial FEM code. The prediction of microstructure evolution in DA processed Alloy 718 pancake was compared with experimental results.