• Journal of Climate Change Research
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.485-492
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• 2016

For reporting national greenhouse gas inventory in forest sector, the forest growing stock from the National Forest Inventory (NFI) system has used as activity data sources. The National Forest Inventory system was changed from rotation system by province to annual system by 5 years across the country. The forest growing stocks based on the new inventory system produced a different trend compared to the previous estimations. This study was implemented to recalculate previous forest growing stocks for time series consistency at a national level. The recalculation of forest growing stock was conducted in an overlap approach by the IPCC guideline. In order to support the more consistency data, we used calibration factors between applied stand volumes in 1985 and 2012, respectively. As a result, the time series of recalculated forest growing stock was to be consistency using the overlap approach and the calibration factor with the lower middle/middle site index. According to the applied overlap period, however, we will recalculate activity data using more complete data from national forest inventory system.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.27-31
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• 2010

Purpose of study: The purpose of this study was to provide adequate diagnostic guideline for the maxillary sinuses prior to dental implant treatment for edentulous posterior maxillary areas. For this purpose, our procedure involves the estimation of the remaining alveolar bone height, the examination of the anatomical variation in the maxillary sinuses (e.g. sinus septum), and the evaluation of the incidence of preoperative pathological conditions in the maxillary sinuses. Materials and Methods: We selected 189 patients to undergo computerized tomography (CT) in order to account for the posterior maxillary anatomy found in patients of Korean ethnicity. We evaluated the following using Dentascan software: Remaining alveolar bone height, incidence of sinus septum, and rate of preoperative pathologic conditions in the maxillary sinus. The average amount of remaining alveolar bone height was analyzed using the student's t-test for differences according to anatomical site, and the ANOVA was used for the differences according to age group with the level of significance set at 0.05. Results: Alveolar bone heights of upper first premolar, second premolar, first molar, and second molar was 12.24 mm, 10.37 mm, 7.16 mm, and 7.15 mm, respectively with statistical significance (P < 0.05). Incidence of sinus septum as an anatomic variation was 17 out of 189 cases (9.0%). Incidence of mucosal thickening as a pathologic variation was 82 out of 189 cases (43.4%). Conclusion: In treatment planning of posterior maxillary edentulous area of Koreans, the consideration of augmentation surgery for maxillary sinus is required in maxillary molar area before dental implant installation, and preoperative screening of the asymptomatic maxillary sinuses can be regarded as a reasonable preoperative procedure in the planning of dental implant treatment on the posterior maxillary edentulous area.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.97-109
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• 2012

For the design of underpass structures, -1.0m(G.L) ground water level guideline for the design of railway, subway, utility tunnel etc, is still being used in Korea. As a result, the underpass structure can be forced by buoyancy, and therefore the in-situ buoyancy anchor method is usually being applied to prevent the uplifting force. For the Yeongjongdo sky city project, the drainage method was applied to remove the buoyancy force. In this study we estimate the efficiency and safety of the applied design and propose the detailed guidelines for standard design and maintenance of the guided drainage technique. Especially, the auxiliary pumping well was operated to maintain the ground water level around the underpass. In the study site, the applied guided drainage method has advantages in both engineering and economic aspects.

• Journal of Cadastre & Land InformatiX
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.157-179
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• 2019

The Seoul's 2030 Youth-Housing has been regarded as the only option to procure rental housing sites in downtown Seoul. But its supply did not catch up with the initial expectation, and the criticism that it may disrupt the current zoning system of the city has persisted. Consequently, the 2030 Youth-Housing policy has undergone amendments for six times within the last three years, and the significant changes in its guideline also have been made within the last one year. The study, in this context, tries to figure out the tendencies of those changes made in the guidelines so far by analyzing the aspects of the parcels allowable for Youth-Housing as well as the areas allowable for up-zoning. In the process, the propositional logic is to be adopted to draw the scope of the buildable areas for Youth-Housing. For this, the study refines the raw GIS data, inputs the values for each proposition, and proceeds the logical operation to judge every parcel of the city to discern whether it is eligible for a buildable site and/or for up-zoning for Youth-Housing. It is seen that: 1) the buildable sites rather evenly distribute around the peripheral subway-station areas while more concentrating on the quasi-residential and commercial areas; and 2) the areas eligible for up-zoning have the tendency to concentrate more on quasi-residential areas than others.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.21-32
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• 2005

In Incheon metropolitan city, the urban open space areas are deficient and it is nearly impossible to obtain newly the land for parks by reason of the risk of the land value, the budgetary deficit and so forth. Therefore, it seems to be urgent to consider how to manage the established urban natural park efficiently to enhance the quality of recreational experiences of the public. The organization for the urban natural parks management is to be completely put in good order, for the objects to manage is changeable as well as diverse and what users need should be full satisfied. The purpose of this study is to investigate the differences of urban natural park's management suggest the improvement and development directions in urban natural park by group(professionals and Users). To do this, data were collected in the typical regions by urban natural park for this study, using the questionnaires. In these urban natural park, the on-site survey was carried out the users of these urban natural park during October in 2004. Also The analysis was done with the valid questionnaires of user's 644 and professional's 146. The questionnaires contained three of categories : openspace types' satisfaction and urban natural park's satisfaction, and management, and park user's socioeconomic characteristics and behaviors. Data collected from respondents were analysized by descriptive statistics, T-test, factor analysis and regression analysis. The results of this study can be summarized as follows; The evaluation of urban natural park management is predicted the operation management. So, one can draw a conclusion that user's needs is likely to be increased correspondingly as urban natural park planning and design, management which meets the overall satisfaction. Using the results of this study, we can make a guideline for a park management program, market positioning, standards and provisions of urban natural park by group.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.109-117
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect factors in suburban rural landscape and significant factors of apartment complex which are effective to the skyline of the sloped mountains. Also it is to propose the basic resources to preserve and improve the suburban rural landscape. The target site is Young-In, which shows the typical of rural development. Sides were take in young-In City along the roads and selected for 20 pieces. This study used questionnaire about the suburban rural landscape surveying of 45 students in Kyunghee Univ.. Also we found 2 dependent variables and 8 independent variables totally. Moreover, we have analyzed the data using descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and multiple linear regression method between the preference and physical factors, and between the vulnerability and perceptional factors. The results are as follows: 1) With the dependent variable of preference, the areas of "green space" and "agricultural productive lands" were highly influenced in the suburban rural landscape positively, but the areas of "apartment complex" and "other buildings" were negatively effected. 2) With the dependent variable vulnerability, the area "apartment complex" and cutting numbers of the "skyline of mountainous ridge" were proved as significantly positive factors, but the length of the "skyline of mountainous ridge" turned out to be a negative factor. Although this study has the difficulty to be generalized, it can be used for planning and designing of the apartment complex in suburban rural landscapes, and it will provide the basic guideline for preserving and managing of the suburban rural landscapes.uideline for preserving and managing of the suburban rural landscapes.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.98-108
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• 2017

Recently, the development of middle and high-rise building technology using modular construction method has emphasized the importance of site construction error management. The modular construction method is very limited to adjust the construction error in the field because of the factory production characteristics. Therefore, in order to prevent the construction error in advance, a management plan reflecting the characteristics of the modular construction method is required, and it is important to make the decision of the construction participant at each stage. This study analyzed the factor of construction error of modular construction and suggested a decision support model for construction error management based on construction process. The result of this study is expected to be a guideline for the modular construction participant to derive the construction error management plan.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.205-216
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• 2021

There is a growing interest and need for adaptive reuse and remodeling as a method for sustainable urban regeneration and residential improvement. The purpose of this study was to suggest implications for the remodeling of detached house for adaptive reuse in Korea. To this end, a theoretical review and case analysis was conducted on the remodeling in 'Gupo-Saetulmaul' and 'Haeridan-gil' in Busan City. The implications through the study are as follows. (1) Programs for residents participation and sustainable management of buildings are needed. (2) Coexist between residential and commercial use is needed. (3) A guideline for planning and designing street and building remodeling is needed at the level of the entire detached housing site.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.87-97
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• 2015

There's a trend towards vitalization of nightscape planning businesses nationally and locally as well for city image making and activation of regional economy, but there is still no systematic nightscape planning going on for lack of relevant researches and objective evaluations. This study aims to suggest the guideline for nightscape planning by conducting an eye tracking experiment and survey for recognizing the characteristics of a nightscape. Furthermore, the authors intended to verify the eye-tracking method as a tool for landscape evaluation. The research site was restricted in the campus of Virginia Tech, VA, and those were selected by experts' survey among various types of nightscape images. The variables for analyzing the characteristics of nightscape images selected were 'preference', 'safety(fear)' and 'clearness'. 'Fixation duration', 'saccade duration', 'scan path length', and 'pupil size' were selected as the eye movement measurements. The results of this study are as follows: The first outcome found was that there were significant differences among the characteristics(preference, safety and clearness) of a nightscape by MANOVA, and these variables were correlated positively by Pearson's correlation. Secondly, there were differences on fixation duration, saccade duration and scan path depending on the nightscape setting statistically. Also, the eye tracking measurement in an open setting was recorded lower than enclosed settings. In the result of a heat map, we found the meaning of the fixated areas on both viewing without intention and viewing intentionally. It turned out that the fixated areas were consistent with the areas the subjects felt preferred and clarity in all of the nightscape images, which means people usually focus on what they prefer and see clearly in a certain nightscape. Based on this result and previous studies, the authors could make a conclusion that eye tracking method can apply to evaluate nightscape settings in terms of analyzing the whole characteristics and finding specific points for the detailed analysis as well. Therefore, these results can contribute by suggesting nightscape planning, implication of the landscape evaluation, and implication of the eye tracking study.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.9-18
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• 1998

There are about 1470 stone-cultural properties in Korea which have been registered and protected by the government. Representative of them are pagoda, stupa, stone-buddha, stele support of banner pole and stone-lanterns. Most of them have been exposed to and weathered by natural environments. Stone-cultural properties are destroyed and/or destructed mostly by weathering and its related features of rocks. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct geological studies on the weathering phenomena and related features as well as characteristics of the rock itself must be done for the conservation. Thus geological investigation should include detail measurements, rock varieties and phases, structural lineaments of the rock, cause and degree of weathering, degree and patterns of crack development structural stability, identification of reusable parts for restoration, geomorphological characteristics of the site, and etc. The interaction among these factors must be investigated and analyzed, which must be used as basic data to establish the guideline of conservation and to plan for repair and/or restoration. The conservation plan should involve parts to be repaired, method of repair, type of cementing material, the characteristics of rock phases to be supplemented, method for maintaining structural stability, and method to delay or to prevent the rock weathering.