• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.89-95
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• 2006

Purpose: Arthroscopic repair of rotator cuff tears are many techniques that have been developed to improve the initial postoperative strength of the repair. There was a doubt that current arthroscopic cuff repairs using a single row of suture anchors reproduce insufficient area of the anatomic cuff insertion, and concerns about failure of fixation often lead surgeons to limit early motion. Newer technique of double-row repair in arthroscopic treatment may provide initial stronger fixation and more contact with bone at the repair site than single-row repair did. We studied the comparison between clinical outcomes of arthroscopic single- and double-row repair in cuff tears at 1year postoperatively. Materials and methods: We retrospectively analyzed 40 shoulders with single-row repair and 38 shoulders with double-row repair of full-thickness rotator cuff tears between May 2002 and October 2004. Out of total 78 shoulders, 42 (54%) were male patients and 36 (46%) were female patients and the mean age at surgery was 56 years. All patients were diagnosed by physical examination and MRI. At 1year' follow-up after operation, we evaluated with the ASES and the Constant scoring system, and measured muscle power of abduction, internal and external rotation of the affected shoulder then compared with each other. Results: Mean ASES scores and Constant scores in double-row repair group improved more than single-row repair group significantly at 1year postoperatively. Muscle power of abduction and internal rotation, especially abduction power, improved more significantly in double-row repair group than in single-row repair. Conclusion: Arthroscopic double-row repair for the full thickness rotator cuff tear may be a superior technique, which showed better clinical outcomes and restoration of muscle power compared with single-row repair at relatively short period of postoperative follow-up. Restoration of footprint close to normal anatomy by double-row repair seems to play an important role in the recovery of muscle strength.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.187-199
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• 1997

Thyroid carcinoma ranks low in incidence and as a cause of death when compared to carcinomas arising in the other site. With adequate surgical treatment, the prognosis of operable thyroid carcinoma is good. However, the extent of surgical resection in treatment of thyroid cancer remains still controversy. The aim of this study was to assess the results of thyroid cancer patients treated surgically and to analyze the prognostic factors affecting survival and to improve the survival rate. We retrospectively analyzed the outcome of a total of 278 thyroid cancer patients treated surgically at Inje University Paik Hospital from 1980 to 1995 and followed for 1 to 16 years. There were man in 47 and woman in 231 patients with age range of 14 to 79 years(mean 42 years). Histopathologic findings were papillary carcinoma in 233, follicular carcinoma in 33, mixed carcinoma in 7, medullary carcinoma in 2, and undifferentiated carcinoma in 3 patients, respectively. Operative procedures were unilateral lobectomy in 111, subtotal thyroidectomy in 100, and total thyroidectomy in 67 patients. Central node dissection was performed in 92, modified neck disseciton in 62, radical neck dissection in 28, and no node dissection in 96 patients. Thyroid hormone was administered for the period of 3 to 5 years to suppress endogenous TSH production. Overall 5-year survival rate according to Kaplan-Meier method was 91.1%. Independently, significant factors affecting the prognosis were age at diagnosis, tumor size, pathologic type, tumor stage, lymph node metastasis, angioinvasion, extrathyroidal extension, and 'risk' group category. but, the prognosis were not influenced by sex and capsular invasion. Patients at low risk or with small size carcinomas had long survival over 5 years with only lobectomy. Lymph node dissection was carried out with a limited type in no jugular metastasis, radical neck dissection was performed only therapeutically in proved jugular node metastasis. Fifteen patients were dead of tumor recurrence after surviving for three months to two and half years, and the cause of death was local recurrence in nine, bone metastasis in four and lung metastasis in two patients. In conclusion, more extensive surgery including total thyroidecotmy and systematic compartment-oriented dissection of the lymph node metastases in patient at high-risk group will results in better survival and lower recurrence rate.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.6-12
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• 2018

Recently, The use of the curtain wall method is increasing in construction. The curtain wall construction is widely applied to the exterior wall of the building for shortening construction period and economical efficiency. However, the replacement of deterioration of the weather resistance and structural behavior of the sealing material connecting the curtain wall method and the glass frame is necessary for introduction of the stable curtain wall method and quality improvement in accordance with KS F 4910 standard. In this study, the elastic restoring force test was performed in the external environment. In this study, the deterioration of the sealant was evaluated for structural sealants. In Korea, studies on the variable displacement behavior of structural sealants are lacked. In this study, the reproduced results in laboratory conditions are compared with the deteriorating conditions exposed to the external environment, and they are reflected in the design of sealing materials in the future. According to the results of the study, it was confirmed that the existing structure sealant meets the quality standard of KS F 4910, but in the conditions performed in this study, adhesion failure of the specimen and cracking of the surface occurred. Especially, in the weather resistance test, it is necessary to evaluate the long-term durability performance of the structural sealant used in the curtain wall method by checking the insoluble state of all the test pieces. Therefore, in order to apply a conventional structural sealant to the site, it is necessary to introduce another durability performance evaluation.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.182-188
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• 1999

Purpose: To investigate the treatment results' and patterns of failure according to the pathologic type of the parotid malignancy who were treated with radical sugery and postoperative radiation therapy. Materials and Methods: Fifty-two patients with various type of the parotid malignancy, who were treated with combined radical surgery and post-operative irradiation at Yonsei Cancer Center, between 1981 and 1995, were retrospectively reviewed after completion treatment, all but one patients were follow up with the median follow up period of 49 months. Results: We found that pathologically confirmed neck node metastasis rate was 28.8% all case and level II was most common site. Overall failure rate was 26.9%, local recurrence rate was 13.5%, node failure rate was 7.7%, and distant failure rate was 5.8%. Five-year disease free survival rate was 70.9%, and overall survival rate was 73.8%. Recurrence rate was low in adenoid cystic carcinoma and acinic cell carcinoma. However distant metastasis was very high in undifferentiated carcinoma. Local recurrence was main pattern of failure in mucoepidermoid carcinoma and nodal failure was frequently observed in adenocarcinoma. Conclusion: Individualized treatment plan may be required to improve a treatment outcome by pathologic subtype of the parotid malignancy.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.25-30
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• 2014

Objectives: This study was performed to evaluate the single-dose intravenous toxicity of Guseonwangdo-go glucose 20% pharmacopuncture. Methods: Forty Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups of five males and five females per group: an intravenous (IV) injection of 1.0 mL of normal saline solution per animal was administered to group 1 (G1, control group); an IV injections of 0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 mL of Guseonwangdo-go glucose pharmacopuncture per animal were administered to experimental groups 2, 3, and 4 (G2, G3, and G4), respectively. General symptoms, body weights, hematological and biochemical test results, and necropsy histopathological observation were recorded in all groups. In the statistical analyses, significance was determined by using the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). The significance level was 0.05 in all comparisons. Results: For 14 days, no deaths or abnormalities were observed in any of the 4 groups. The body weights of all groups continuously increased during the observation period. In the hematological test, the WBC count was significantly increased in female rats of G4 compared to the control group, but this difference was considered not to be statistically meaningful. No significant biochemical changes were observed. On necropsy, crust formation was observed in one rat of the control group, and granulation tissues were observed around the injection site in one rat of G4; these changes were concluded to have been caused by injection of the needle into a vein. Conclusion: The findings suggest that the lethal dose of Guseonwangdo-go glucose pharmacopuncture is more than 1.0 mL per animal in both male and female rats. Thus, we can conclude that Guseonwangdo-go glucose pharmacopuncture injection is relatively safe to use in acute toxicity tests. Further studies are needed to establish more detailed evidences of its toxicity.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.31-38
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• 1982

The water quality at the Nakdong River stream was surveyed for 3 years from 1978 to 1980 at quarterly intervals of January, April, June and October at 12 sites along the main stream from Sangju to Imhaejin and at 2 sites of Geumho and Nam River tributaries. The overall results are summarized as follows: 1) The levels of dissolved oxygen in the Geumho River tributary on the basis of three-year average were 0.7 ppm in January, 1.3 ppm in April, 4.0 ppm in July and 0.8 ppm in October. BOD concentrations in the same period were 91 ppm in January, 37 ppm in April, 6 ppm in July and 24 ppm in October. The water of Geumho River was so highly contaminated that the water seems to be unsuitable for any type of water use. 2) The relatively clean water in the upstream of the main Nakdong River was rapidly polluted by the highly contaminated water of Geumho tributary. That is, dissolved oxygen and BOD at Hwawon site right after junction of the tributary were 10.4, 8.8 ppm in January, 5.8, 6.5 ppm in April, 6.3, 3.2 ppm in July and 7.0, 5.3 ppm in October, respectively. The values of turbidity, ammoniacal nitrogen and electrical conductivity were also observed to be quite high.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.255-262
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• 2010

This study was conducted at 5 sites of Bocheong Stream basin in May and September 2009 for the evaluate of fish assemblage and chemical water quality. For the study, the models of Index of Biological Integrity (IBI) and Qualitative Habitat Evaluation Index (QHEI) were modified as 8 and 11 metric attributes, respectively. We also analyzed patterns of chemical water quality at the sampling site over the period of 2005~2009, using the water chemistry dataset, obtained from the Ministry of Environment, Korea. The survey showed that total sampled fishes were 34 species and the most dominant species was Zacco platypus (24.3%). In Bocheong Stream basin, values of IBI averaged 28 (n=5), which is judged as a "Good". IBI score at B1, B4 and B5 indicating a "Good" condition whereas, B2 and B3 were as 21 and 22, indicating "Fair" condition, respectively. QHEI was 152 (n=5), judged as "Fair" habitat condition. Values of BOD and COD averaged 1.0 $mgL^{-1}$ (scope: 0.3~4.0 $mgL^{-1}$) and 2.3 $mgL^{-1}$ (scope: 0.3~18.7 $mgL^{-1}$), respectively. Total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP) and suspended solid (SS) were distinct spatial variation. Based on the IBI, QHEI and chemical water quality dataset, ecological health of Bocheong Stream basin was evaluated that generally good.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.533-538
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• 2015

Four sites and one site were used to analyze fish diversity at the water systems of the Sineun reservoir and the Jeonchon reservoir, respectively. The field experiments were conducted to test the density dependence that could lead to population regulation by artificial inferences and environmental changes. We examined the effects of environmental factors on fish densities using SMATR freeware. It was estimated to be reduced to the density effect at four sites in 2012. Shannon-Weaver indices of the diversity (H’) of the Sineun reservoir were similar to those of the Jeonchon reservoir. Species diversity was in a range of 0.645 to 2.105. The H’ value of the upper region was higher than those of middle and low regions were, and values of richness were lower in downstream than upstream. Using the maximum likelihood solution for the removal estimators of two low regions of the river stations, the estimated migration probabilities from the resident fish to the migrated fish for five species (Cyprinus cuvieri, Carassius auratus, Pseudorasbora parva, Misgurnus mizolepis, and Oryzias latipes) had a mean of 0.623. Especially, migration probabilities from the Jeonchon reservoir to the Sineun reservoir for five species were high (a mean of 0.681). The period of migration was suggested to be about one month because of short geographical distances (50 m). We found no significant difference between the three categories in the distribution of the other four species, indicating the species probability was similar among stations.

• Smart Media Journal
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.75-83
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• 2020

Compensation services that are indispensable during large-scale public utilities projects have been gradually increasing with the recent increase in construction, but there are no systematic compensation services due to the complicated procedures and manual work. For this reason, various problems such as construction period delays due to various complaints, corruption in compensation work, and impossible to trace the history of compensation data in the past are emerging. In this paper, in order to solve this problem, in-depth interviews and questionnaires were conducted to find out the problems of each compensation status. Based on this, 3 core technologies and 10 technical needs based on ICT were selected to improve the compensation work by deriving STEEP analysis and Issue Tree. The three core technologies are big data-based decision-making and prediction technology, advanced measurement technology, and open cloud-based compensation platform technology. In order to introduce the derived technologies to the institutions in charge of compensation, the possibility of technology diffusion by project operators was suggested based on the results of the current status of informatization by institution. Based on the core technology derived from this paper, it is necessary to make a prototype that can be advanced in compensation work and apply it to each institution and analyze the effect.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.194-203
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• 2008

Construction Research and Development (R & D) projects have been begun with the investment of 1.2 billions in 1994 and have been reached to 30 billions in 2004. During this ten-year period, a total of investment for construction R&D amounts to 125.7 billions (Total 418 construction R&D projects). However, the results of each R&D project could not apply to real construction site because each project has been performed by a small size (0.5 billions). In addition to those, the social interest on the construction R&D projects has not been received and those importance has not been recognized. Especially, there aren't still standardized methodologies or weighted measurement data for evaluating research performance of the construction R&D projects up to now. The construction R&D projects has been Invested on the basis of an annual technology demand survey rather than the research performance outcome. Therefore, it is important to establish a qualitative performance measurement model for evaluating construction R&D projects. This paper proposes a new research methodology for analyzing the performance measurement of the construction R&D projects. First of all, the Balanced Score Card (BSC) is used to evaluate the construction STAR technologies selected in this research. The performance items of BSC has been modified as four criteria such as "productivity, "knowledge accumulation," "training of students," and "welfare." The new research methodology developed in this paper is expected to use in establishing resonable construction R&D budget in the future.