• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.1-15
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• 2017

In major field crops, synthetic herbicides have been used to control weeds worldwide. Globally, herbicide resistance in weeds should be minimized because it is a major limiting factor for food security. Cross resistance can occur with herbicides within the same or in different herbicide families and with the same or different sites of action. Multiple resistance refers to evolved mechanisms of resistance to more than one herbicide (e.g., resistance to both ALS-inhibitors and ACCase-inhibitors) and this resistance was brought about by separate selection processes. Target site resistance could occur from changes at the biochemical site of action of one herbicide. Non target site resistance occurs through mechanisms which reduce the number of herbicide molecules that reach the herbicide target site. There are currently 480 unique cases (species ${\times}$ site of action) of herbicide resistance globally in 252 plant species (145 dicots and 105 monocots). To date, resistance in weeds has been reported to 161 different herbicides, involving 23 of the 26 known herbicide sites of action. Finally, it can be concluded that we can protect crops associated to herbicide resistant weeds by applications of biochemical, genetic and crop control strategies.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.78-89
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• 2003

This paper presents a community participatory small-park design. It proposes that environmental planning and design can be understood as a communicative action that aims to achieve consensus among stakeholders through communication with the local residents. By studying the communicative action theory and communicative planning theory, three strategies were set for practicing small-park design as a communicative action: (1) stakeholders should how what data and actions are needed; (2) citizens should have access to the data and participate in the process; (3) the community's concerns should be consulted and their opinions heard. In applying the three strategies to the small-Park design, a council composed of experts, community members, and NGO's was established. All processes were then executed after careful deliberation. From interviews, the town-touring program and surveys, the design of the site was determined among the stakeholders. The site was subsequently designed based on the needs of the community and revised according to their suggestions. Finally, the small park was constructed. Even though the researchers experienced many limitations because the site is very small, the significance of this study can be outlined as follows: (1) the need to construct the park was suggested by the community rather than by the administration; (2) experts, members of the community, and NGO's constituted the council; (3) the design process involved deliberation among the members of council rather than a method previously established by experts; (4) the administration supported rather than led the entire process: (5) citizens discussed and reached a consensus by themselves.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.373-385
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• 1994

Resistance to paraquat (1,1'-dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridilium ion) has developed in 12 species of 8 genera to which paraquat has been applied 6 to 10 times per year for 5 or more years. In recent years, tolerance to paraquat has been found in Rehmannia glutinosa (Gaertn.) Liboch. ex Fisch. & Mey. which has never been applied with any herbicides involving paraquat. In this review, we differentiate the terms, resistance and tolerance, on the basis of the paraquat-exposure history. Five hypotheses have been evaluated in several species as potential mechanisms of paraquat resistance and/or tolerance. In a species, the mode of action may be due to 1) reduced quantities of paraquat absorbed through the leaf surface, 2) detoxification of paraquat caused by the enhanced paraquat-metabolic activity, 3) rapid sequestration reducing level of paraquat at the site of action in chloroplast, 4) alteration of site of action in photosystem I resulting in interruption of electron transport to paraquat, and 5) rapid enzymatic detoxification of superoxide and other toxic forms of oxygen.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.163-174
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• 1978

Plantaginis seed has been applied in Chinese medicine a as well as in folk remedy. It was advocated that Plantaginis S Semeη exerts good therapeutic effects as anti-inflammatory, antitussive, obstipant and diuretic agent in some cases of alimentary, respiratory a and renal disorders. This study was carried out in order to r re-evaluate the pharmacological action, especially the hypotensive a action of Plantaginis Semen and to elucidate the mechanism of its a action, making use of Plantaginis Semen methanol extract (PME), because its basic pharmacological action, i. e., hypotensive action is n not clear. 1) PME, when administered into intravenous route, elicited the h hypotensive response dependent on the dose of PME given to the rabbit anesthetized with urethane. 2) This hypotensive response of P PME was inhibited by atropine and potentiated by physostigmine, but not influ$\varepsilon$need by vagotomization. 3) Depressor effect of PME was blocked by chlorisondamine, phentolamine, and bethanicline, while not altered by cyproheptadine, diphenhydramine and propran¬olol. 4) The secondary pressor response after blocking the depressor e effect of PME by chlorisondamine was produced, but this pressor response was deminished by atropine. 5) PME augmented the pressor e effect of norepinephrine and angiotensin, on the other hand, reduced b blood pressure elevated by carotid occlusion reflex. 6) These observa¬t tions suggest that PME may induce the hypotensive response via dual mechanisms of parasympathomimetic and sympatholytic action, that the positions of this action are cholinergic peripheral site and sympathetic ganglia respectively, and that PME may possess the pressor activity caused by stimulation of "atropine-sensitive site" which seems to existsin the sympathetic ganglia.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.3
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• pp.145-174
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• 2000

Protection activity is divided by the security measures of preventive action and immediately protective reaction in case of emergency situation. The purpose of this study is to emphasis the importance of prevention when providing security for protectees. What I suggested in this thesis is summarized below. Chapter I which sets out purpose, concept, general remarks are followed 3 steps for conducting security action by Chapter II. Chapter III concerns the classification, security technic of preventive action. Classified involving security information, security action, security measures. It is followed site survey, security plan, detailed procedures, coordinative meeting, previous security action, protective action, review meeting by protective technic. Chapter IV consider effective counter plan method of preventive action. Chater V, conclusion.

• 한국디지털정책학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.06a
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• pp.377-384
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• 2007

This paper is about how to establish the strategic teaming organization in digital age. Through the case study of action teaming, this research can give some implications to small-sized organizations who want to establish teaming culture and positive activities in their own companies. The case site was S-steel, which belongs to the steel industry. To improve and drive teaming activities, I made use of skills: action learning, fishbone analysis, creative thinking, brainstorming, creative discussion skill, and organization diagnostic method.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.196-205
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• 2016

Background: The emergency planning zone (EPZ) of the city of Busan is divided into the precautionary actions zone (PAZ) and the urgent protective action planning zone; which have a 5-km radius and a 20-km to 21-km radius from the nuclear power plant site, respectively. In this study, we assumed that a severe accident occurred at Shin-Kori nuclear unit 3 and evaluated the dispersion speed of radiological material at each distance at various wind speeds, and estimated the effective dose equivalent and the evacuation time of PAZ residents with the goal of supporting off-site emergency action planning for the nuclear site. Materials and Methods: The total effective dose equivalent, which shows the effect of released radioactive materials on the residents, was evaluated using the RASCAL 4.2 program. In addition, a survey of 1,036 residents was performed using a standardized questionnaire, and the resident evacuation time according to road and distance was analyzed using the VISSIM 6.0 program. Results and Discussion: According to the results obtained using the VISSIM and RASCAL programs, it would take approximately 80 to 252.2 minutes for permanent residents to move out of the PAZ boundary, 40 to 197.2 minutes for students, 60 to 232.2 minutes for the infirm, such as elderly people and those in a nursing home or hospital, and 30 to 182.2 minutes for those temporarily within the area. Consequently, in the event of any delay in the evacuation, it is estimated that the residents would be exposed to up to $10mSv{\cdot}h^{-1}$ of radiation at the Exclusion Area Boundaries (EAB) boundary and $4-6mSv{\cdot}h^{-1}$ at the PAZ boundary. Conclusion: It was shown that the evacuation time for the residents is adequate in light of the time lapse from the initial moment of a severe accident to the radiation release. However, in order to minimize the evacuation time, it is necessary to maintain a system of close collaboration to avoid traffic congestion and spontaneous evacuation attempts.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.23-29
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• 2018

To reduce the accident rate caused by the delay of corrective action, which is common in the construction site, in order to shorten the time from correcting the existing system to the corrective action, I used a time similarity check to inform the inspectors of the problem in real time, modeling the system so that corrective action can be performed immediately on site, and studied a system that can actively cope with safety accidents. The research result shows that there is more than 90% opening effect and more than 60% safety accident reduction rate. I will continue to study more effective system combining voice recognition and deep learning based on this system.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.67-74
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• 1993

Both polar and gravity-induced lateral transport of auxin was markedly reduced in corn coleoptile segments by octanol treatment. Octanol enhance net auxin uptake without affecting that of benzoic acid, suggesting that the effect did not result from a nonspecific action on general membrane permeability. Since naphthylphthalamic acid (NPA) action on both transport and net uptake of auxin was substantially decreased in the presence of octanol, a specific interaction of octanol with the NPA site (efflux carrier) can be postulated. Studies on in vitro binding of NPA to membrane vesicles indicated that octanol did not interfere with NPA binding. When basipetal transport of auxin was impared by plasmolysis, octanol still inhibited auxin transport in the plasmolyzed tissues. The results ruled out the possibility of octanol acting at the plasmodesmata. Kinetic analysis of growth indicated that IAA-sustained growth was rapidly blocked by octanol implicating a common system by which auxin transport is linked to auxin action. Possible mechanisms for octanol action will be discussed.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2013.01a
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• pp.525-530
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• 2013

The importance of engineering design increases due to the expansion of engineering education certification. But there are not much teaching methods and examples of engineering design to be referred to the college classes. This paper introduces a new teaching and learning method of Action Learning adopted to a engineering design class in the Department of Architectural Engineering, J University in Korea. The class included a team project to find problems of facilities or safety management factors in a building construction site, and to provide the alternatives to solve the problems. The Action Learning helped to improve the learning effect of students and to increase the quality of the project deliverables.