• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2022.05a
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• pp.546-549
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• 2022

In recent years, to prevent the increase in accidents at industrial sites, various innovative technologies from the 4th industrial era have been incorporated into the construction administration to promote the advancement of safety management. As a result, smart safety management systems using intelligent monitoring that prevent and manage risks in industrial sites in real time are attracting attention. Smart safety management systems provide users with real-time, remote monitoring of factors such as noise, gas concentration fine dust concentration, building material quality, building tilt, and RFID-based worker access through sensors located everywhere. This paper presents a method for collecting and monitoring various data for smart safety management systems via Zigbee communication using Raspberry Pi.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2004

Water quality is monitored at 1,837 points which are streams and sources for water supply in Karea. The monitoring carry out the measurement of 16 parameters of pH, BOD, SS, DO and so on with once a month, and of other parameters such like heavy metal with once a quarter. But most of the monitoring is carried out uncontinuously, so it is very difficult to understand exactly the changes of water quality compared with continuous monitoring. Therefore, real time monitoring system was equipped with basic parameters such as pH, temperature, DO, turbidity and electric conductivity at 25 major sources of water supply after installation of Noryangjin and Dukdo in 1974. But the systems have some problems which cannot be considered the sampling sites to represent for water quality of stream of lake, and can be caused a change of water quality by long distance from analyzer to intake pipe. Therefore, it has carefully to evaluate selection of sample sites for real time monitoring system. Also, problems on the area has been to identify which parameters are best suited to monitoring stream of lake water and the differences, of analyzing results compared with manual analyzing. This paper presents some approaches to handle such problems, namely selection of sampling site and measurable parameters, to connect with bio-monitoring system solving a Limitation of measurable parameters, The bio-monitoring system of an early alarm that is desirable to perceive a toxic material inflow into stream can be applied to continuos water quality monitoring system effectively. Also, this paper presents to build a on line system transmitting immediately from a mobile analyzer house or container to main monitoring center the results of analyzer by a telemeter.

• Proceedings of the Korean Environmental Sciences Society Conference
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• 1997.10a
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• pp.1.1-32
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• 1997

Atmospheric monitoring capabilities were established in 1988 by the University of Florida at Duke forest, near Durham. NC: Cary forest, near Gainesville, FL: and Austin forest, near Nacogdoches, TX. Continuous (hourly averaged) measurements of air quality (ozone, nitrogen oxides and sulfur dioxide) and meteorological variables were made at these three low elevation (< 200 meters), rural locations in the southeastern U.S. for more than three years. During the same period at these sites wet and dry acid deposition samples were collected and analyzed on an event and weekly basis, respectively The monitoring locations were selected to determine actual atmospheric exposure indices for southern pine species in support of on-site surrogate exposure chamber studies conducted by Southern Commercial Forest Research Cooperative (SCFRC) investigators. Daily and quarterly averaged ozone maxima were higher (55 ppb) at the northernmost site in the network (Duke forest) in the second and third quarters (spring and summer seasons) and lower (35 ppb) in the first and fourth quarters (winter and fall seasons), when compared to ozone levels at the two southernmost sites (Cary and Austin forests). Seasonal ozone levels at the latter two sites were similar Nitrogen oxieds and sulfur dioxide levels were insignificant (< 5 ppb) most of the time at all sites, although soil emissions of NO at two sites were found to influence nighttime ozone concentrations. Typical maximum quarterly and annual aggregate ozone exposure indices were significantly higher at Duke forest (92.5/259 ppm-hr) than those values observed at the two southern sites (65.6/210 ppm-hr). Acid deposition (wet and dry) components concentrations and deposition fluxes observed at the Duke forest, NC piedmont site, were generally greater, dependent on site and season, than corresponding variables measured at either of the two southern coastal plain sites (Cary and Austin forests). Acid deposition variables observed at the latter two sites were remarkably similar, both qualitatively and quantitatively, although the sites were located 1300 km apart. A comparison of deposition fluxes of elemental nitrogen (NO3, NH4') and sulfur (5042-, SO3) components in wet and dry forms indicated that wet deposition accounts for approximately 70% of the total nitrogen and 73% of the total sulfur input on an annual equivalent basis at all sites.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.17-28
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• 2010

As a preliminary survey to improve efficiency of well-based permeable reactive barrier system for groundwater remediation, this site-scale study was carried to identify the flowpaths and controlling factors of plume at a remediation site in Suwon City, Korea. A total of 22 monitoring wells were installed as a grid system in the $4m{\times}4m$ square area by 1-m interval. For the groundwater characterization, various tests were performed including water-level monitoring, water sampling & analysis, pumping and slug tests, and tracer tests. The aquifer appeared to be unconfined with hydraulic conductivities (K) ranging from $2.6{\times}10^{-4}cm/s$ to $9.5{\times}10^{-3}cm/s$. The average linear velocity of groundwater was estimated to be $2.94{\times}10^{-6}m/s$, and the longitudinal dispersivity of a conservative tracer to be $5.94{\times}10^{-7}m^2/s$. Groundwater plume moves preferentially through the high-K zones, and the relatively high ion concentrations along the low-K zones implying deterred groundwater flow. Consequently, the spatial variation of hydraulic conductivity caused by aquifer heterogeneity and anisotropy appears to be the most important factor to maximize the effect of plume treatment system for application of in-situ groundwater remediation techniques.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.200-215
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• 2006

This study carried out to assess the quality of the information presented on the internet about nutrition specifically in the field of health functional food by monitoring with 10 panels from May, 2004 to October. Four hundred seven relevant websites were initially selected from a process using 5 search engines and the keywords ‘food’ and ‘nutrition’, and 404 sites actually met all inclusion criteria. Most of the sites evaluated 219 (54.20%) were commercial sites and then distributed noncommercial organization site 93 (23.0%), individual site 92(22.8%). Assessment quality indicator was carried out using the 17 necessary requisites, which has been developed to enable users and information providers to judge the quality of food and nutrition information. The mean score for quality grade was 11.07, five site out of a maximum score of 17 and two sites with the lowest total scores for the quality of food and nutrition information. Noncommercial organization site assessed achieved the highest score in accurate and useful informations to the public. Low ranked sites had the most inaccurate or misleading information, emphasizing only the positive aspects of the information, with little or no evidence. Many commercial sites used personal testimony as the most popular ‘proof’ for the effectiveness of product. This was anecdotal rather than scientific evidence based on which the objective validation was difficult to be made. Therefore, it can be challenging for both public and health professionals, to sort out useful information from a plethora of advertisements and promotions on the web sites. Our results suggest that nutrition professionals should talk about useful information of health, food and nutrition with public and help them find the best available information when using the internet.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.83-96
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• 2005

The purposes of this study were to characterize the local levels of VOCs (volatile organic compounds), to develop source profiles of VOCs, and to quantify the source contribution of VOCs using the CMB (chemical mass balance) model. The concentration of VOCs had been measured every 6-day duration in the SRO monitoring site in the Yeosu Petrochemical Industrial Complex from September 2000 to August 2002. The total of 35 target VOCs, which were included in the TO-14 designated from the U.S. EPA, was selected to be monitored in the study area. During a 24-h period, the ambient VOCs were sampled by using canisters placing about 10 ～ 15 m above the ground level. The collected canisters were then analyzed by a GC-MS in the laboratory. Aside from ambient sampling at the SRO site, the VOCs had been intensively and massively measured from 8 direct sources and 4 general sources in the study area. The results obtained in the study were as follows; first, the annual mean concentrations of the target VOCs were widely distributed regardless of monitoring sites in the Yeosu Petrochemical Industrial Complex. In particular, the concentrations of BTX (Benzene, Toluene, Xylene), vinyl chloride were higher than other target compounds. Second, based on these source sample data, source profiles for VOCs were developed to apply a receptor model, the CMB model. Third, the results of source apportionment study for the VOCs in the SRO Site were as follows; The source of petrochemical plant was apportioned by 31.3% in terms of VOCs mass. The site was also affected by 16.7% from wastewater treatment plant, 14.0% from iron mills, 8.4% from refineries, 4.4% from oil storage, 3.8% from automobiles, 2.3% from fertilizer, 2.3% from painting, 2.2% from waste incinerator, 0.6% from graphic art, and 0.4% from gasoline vapor sources.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.46-56
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• 2008

This study examined the natural restoration of vegetation through monitoring of the development of a vegetation community from 2006 through 2007 after a forest fire. Approximately 5,000 $m^2$ in a forest near Topyeon-ri, Kangnae-myeon, Chungcheongbuk-do with Japanese red pine (Pinus densiflora) forest and its floor vegetation had been completely burned by a fire in April 2005. This area and another nearby Japanese red pine forest were selected as the experiment site and the control site, respectively. Vegetation survey was conducted at the experiment site and the control site. A seed bank experiment was carried out in the greenhouse to examine underground vegetation. Effective microorganism(EM) was applied to the seed bank experiment to estimate its effects on the direction of ecological succession. According to the results, a total of 36 plant species including shrub and herbaceous species were discovered in the experiment site. Quercus serrata, Lespedeza cyrtobotrya, and Castanea crenata, Rubus crataegifolius, Oplismenus undulatifolius, and Carex lanceolata were among the most abundant species. Biomass in the experiment site reached 2.4 times biomass than those in the control site, indicating the productivities of shrub and herbaceous layers are better in the experiment site. According to the result of the soil seed bank experiment of the experiment site, a total of 182 plants of 14 species were recorded. In addition, a total of 13 plants of 2 species were found from soil seed bank of the experiment site applied by EM. If EM is applied to the burned site, it will control the budding of herbaceous plants, creating the gap between herbaceous plants. This loss of competition is expected to help the restoration of trees in the burned area.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.544-553
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• 2017

There is an overall guideline of the installation of air quality monitoring stations in Korea, but specified steps for the selection of monitoring sites for hazardous air pollutants(HAPs) are not provided. In this study, we proposed a systematic method for the selection of monitoring sites for HAPs using geographic information system (GIS). As a case study, the Seoul metropolitan area (Seoul, Incheon, and Gyeonggi Province) was chosen, and 15 factors including population, vehicle registration, and emission data were compiled for each grid cell ($7km{\times}7km$). The number of factors above the top 30% of individual data for each grid cell was used to select priority monitoring sites for HAPs. In addition, several background sites were added for data comparison and source identification. Three scenarios were suggested: Scenario 1 with 7 sites, Scenario 2 with 17 sites, and Scenario 3 with 30 sites. This proposal is not the final result for an intensive monitoring program, but it is an example of method development for selecting appropriate sampling sites. These results can be applied not only to HAPs monitoring in megacities but also to the national HAPs monitoring network.

• Advances in environmental research
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.87-107
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• 2018

Water quality monitoring network needs periodic evaluations based on environmental demands and financial constraints. We used a genetic algorithm to optimize the existing water quality monitoring stations on the Sefid-Rud River, which is located in the North of Iran. Our objective was to optimize the existing stations for drinking and irrigation purposes, separately. The technique includes two stages called data preparation and the optimization. On the data preparation stage, first the basin was divided into four sections and each section was consisted of some stations. Then, the score of each station was computed using the data provided by the water Research Institute of the Ministry of energy. After that, we applied a weighting method by providing questionnaires to ask the experts to define the significance of each parameter. In the next step, according to the scores, stations were prioritized cumulatively. Finally, the genetic algorithm was applied to identify the best combination. The results indicated that out of 21 existing monitoring stations, 14 stations should remain in the network for both irrigation and drinking purposes. The results also had a good compliance with the previous studies which used dynamic programming as the optimization technique.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1997.11a
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• pp.445-447
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• 1997

In this paper a remote monitoring and control system using Modem for UPS (Uninterruptible Power Supply) is proposed. The conventional remote monitoring system for UPS is used to local remote monitoring system by RS232 or RS485 communication code. But recently. the system is changed to wide remote monitoring and control system using Modem for quick analysis of errors, correction of errors, report of errors and other user-friendly functions. In this study, we designed and develope system which is able to control UPS an monitor errors, statuses, actual values transmitted from UPSs of each site.