• 지질공학
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.435-445
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• 2013

내진설계기준이 국내 고유의 지반 특성을 제대로 반영하지 못하고 있어 특히 고진동수 구간에서 실제 관측된 가속도 스펙트럼 값이 내진설계기준보다 상대적으로 크게 나타나는 등 문제점이 많다고 지적되어 왔다. 지반증폭 특성을 분석할 때 여러 가지 방법이 제시되어 있으나 본 연구는 지반진동의 수평/수직 비율을 이용하는 방법을 적용하였다. 이 방법은 최근 배경잡음, S파 및 Coda파 등에 적용되어 지반의 동적인 증폭 특성연구에 많이 이용되고 있다. 본 연구는 후쿠오카 지진으로부터 관측된 지반진동의 Coda파 및 배경잡음을 분석하였고 결과를 일련의 후쿠오카 지진의 S파 에너지를 분석한 결과와 비교하였다. 2005년 3월 20일 발생한 후쿠오카 본진을 포함하여 규모 3.9 이상의 모두 15개 중규모의 후속 지진으로부터 국내 관측소에 관측된 각각 267개 지반진동 자료의 Coda파 및 배경잡음을 분석하여 국내 8개 주요 지진관측소 지반의 동적인 증폭특성을 분석하였다. 각각의 지진관측소마다 저 진동수 및 고진동수 특성, 관측소 고유의 우월진동수가 서로 상이하여 관측소 고유의 증폭특성을 보여주었다. 대다수 관측소는 S파 및 배경잡음 에너지를 분석한 결과와 많은 부분이 유사함을 보여 주었다. 물론 본 연구로부터 도출된 결과를 다른 방법을 적용하여 얻어진 결과와 비교할 경우 주요 국내 지진관측소지반의 동적특성 및 지반분류 연구에 많은 정보를 제시할 수 있다.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.1-18
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• 2012

The spatial variation of ground motion in Kolkata Metropolitan District (KMD) has been estimated by generating synthetic ground motion considering the point source model coupled with site response analysis. The most vulnerable source was identified from regional seismotectonic map for an area of about 350 km radius around Kolkata. The rock level acceleration time histories at 121 borehole locations in Kolkata for the vulnerable source, Eocene Hinge Zone, due to maximum credible earthquake (MCE) moment magnitude 6.2 were generated by synthetic ground motion model. Soil investigation data of 121 boreholes were collected from the report of Soil Data Bank Project, Jadavpur University, Kolkata. Surface level ground motion parameters were determined using SHAKE2000 software. The results are presented in the form of peak ground acceleration (PGA) at rock level and ground surface, amplification factor, and the response spectra at the ground surface for frequency 1.5 Hz, 3 Hz, 5 Hz and 10 Hz and 5% damping ratio. Site response study shows higher PGA in comparison with rock level acceleration. Maximum amplification in some portion in KMD area is found to be as high as 3.0 times compared to rock level.

• 한국지진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지진공학회 2003년도 춘계 학술발표회논문집
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• pp.61-68
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• 2003

The H/V ratio (Horizontal to Vertical spectral ratio) has been used to infer site amplification without previous knowledge of near-surface geology and in fact may provide useful general site condition information. This method is used to classify the site characteristics of seismic stations in Korea by comparison with known H/V ratios representative of various sites all over the world. In addition, differences between horizontal and vertical kappa values were evaluated for each seismic stations by comparing WV ratio and Weak Motion amplification derived from inversion of stochastic ground motion parameters and were used as index to quantitatively classify the site characteristics.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.435-448
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• 2018

In order to make reliable earthquake-resistant design of civil engineering structures, one of the most important considerations in a region with high seismicity is to pay attention to the local soil condition of regions. It is aimed in the current study at specifying dynamic soil characteristics of Kirikkale city center conducting the 1-D equivalent linear and non-linear site response analyses. Due to high vulnerability and seismicity of the city center of Kirikkale surrounded by active many faults, such as the North Anatolian Fault (NAF), the city of Kirikkale is classified as highly earthquake-prone city. The first effort to determine critical site response parameter is to perform the seismic hazard analyses of the region through the earthquake record catalogues. The moment magnitude of the city center is obtained as $M_w=7.0$ according to the recorded probability of exceedance of 10% in the last 50 years. Using the data from site tests, the 1-D equivalent linear (EL) and nonlinear site response analyses (NL) are performed with respect to the shear modulus reduction and damping ratio models proposed in literature. The important engineering parameters of the amplification ratio, predominant site period, peak ground acceleration (PGA) and spectral acceleration values are predicted. Except for the periods between the period of T=0.2-1.0 s, the results from the NL are obtained to be similar to the EL results. Lower spectral acceleration values are estimated in the locations of the city where the higher amplification ratio is attained or vice-versa. Construction of high-rise buildings with modal periods higher than T=1.0 s are obtained to be suitable for the city of Kirikkale. The buildings at the city center are recommended to be assessed with street survey rapid structural evaluation methods so as to mitigate seismic damages. The obtained contour maps in this study are estimated to be effective for visually characterizing the city in terms of the considered parameters.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.607-613
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• 2012

Improvement of endoglucanase activity was accomplished by utilizing error-prone rolling circle amplification, supplemented with 1.7 mM $MnCl_2$. This procedure generated random mutations in the Bacillus amyloliquefaciens endoglucanase gene with a frequency of 10 mutations per kilobase. Six mutated endoglucanase genes, recovered from six colonies, possessed endoglucanase activity between 2.50- and 3.12-folds higher than wild type. We sequenced these mutants, and the different mutated sites of nucleotides were identified. The mutated endoglucanase sequences had five mutated amino acids: A15T, P24A, P26Q, G27A, and E289V. Among these five substitutions, E289V was determined to be responsible for the improved enzyme activity. This observation was confirmed with site-directed mutagenesis; the introduction of only one mutation (E289V) in the wild-type endoglucanase gene resulted in a 7.93-fold (5.55 U/mg protein) increase in its enzymatic activity compared with that (0.7 U/mg protein) of wild type.

• 한국지구물리탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지구물리탐사학회 2006년도 공동학술대회 논문집
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• pp.175-180
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• 2006

관측된 지진 자료의 지역적인 부지효과는 부지부근지하매질의 기하학적 형태와 물성치, 지형 등에 영향을 받고 강진운동의 중요한 특성치들을 평가할 때 큰 영향을 줄 수 있어 지진공학적인 연구에 반드시 고려되어야 할 요소이다. 본 연구에서는 Nakamura(1989)가 제시한 H/V Ratio 방법을 이용해 부지효과에 관한 연구를 수행하였다. 분석결과 부지효과는 시추공관측소에서는 아주 양호한 결과를 보여주었고 또한 상대적으로 고주파수대역에서 높은 값을 보여주었다.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.245-256
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• 2016

In the companion paper (I - Database and Site Response Analyses), site-specific response analyses were performed at more than 300 domestic sites. In this study, a new site classification system and design response spectra are proposed using results of the site-specific response analyses. Depth to bedrock (H) and average shear wave velocity of soil above the bedrock ($V_{S,Soil}$) were adopted as parameters to classify the sites into sub-categories because these two factors mostly affect site amplification, especially for shallow bedrock region. The 20 m of depth to bedrock was selected as the initial parameter for site classification based on the trend of site coefficients obtained from the site-specific response analyses. The sites having less than 20 m of depth to bedrock (H1 sites) are sub-divided into two site classes using 260 m/s of $V_{S,Soil}$ while the sites having greater than 20 m of depth to bedrock (H2 sites) are sub-divided into two site classes at $V_{S,Soil}$ equal to 180 m/s. The integration interval of 0.4 ~ 1.5 sec period range was adopted to calculate the long-period site coefficients ($F_v$) for reflecting the amplification characteristics of Korean geological condition. In addition, the frequency distribution of depth to bedrock reported for Korean sites was also considered in calculating the site coefficients for H2 sites to incorporate sites having greater than 30 m of depth to bedrock. The relationships between the site coefficients and rock shaking intensity were proposed and then subsequently compared with the site coefficients of similar site classes suggested in other codes.

• 경영정보학연구
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.163-184
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• 2020

SNS에서 포스팅과 댓글 형태로 만들어지는 정보는 가공 및 확대되어 뉴스미디어로 재전송되거나 현실 세계에서의 활동으로 연결되기도 하는 등, 그 영향력이 점점 커지고 있다. 최근 들어 SNS 댓글의 이러한 정보 증폭 현상에 대한 논의가 진행되고 있으나, 구체적으로 어떠한 차원의 정보가 확대되는지나 증폭의 방향과 정도 및 이에 영향을 미치는 요인 등은 아직 잘 밝혀져 있지 않다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 댓글 내용의 센티멘트를 이용하여 SNS 댓글이 구체적으로 어떠한 차원에서 원 게시글을 확대하는지 살펴보고, SNS 포스팅 구조와 사회적 연결망의 특징이 어떻게 이 확대 방향과 크기에 영향을 미치는지 뉴스 댓글과 비교하여 살펴보았다. 2,378개의 페이스북 포스팅과 그에 포함된 뉴스 게시글, 이들에 달린 페이스북 댓글 26,312개, 뉴스 사이트 댓글 74,730개를 분석한 결과, SNS 댓글은 원 게시글의 센티멘트를 확대하는 것으로 나타났다. 특히 인지적, 사회적 차원에서는 뉴스 사이트의 댓글보다도 그 확대 정도가 더 큰 것을 알 수 있었다. 정서적 차원에서는 뉴스 사이트 댓글보다 부정적 감정의 확대 정도는 약하고 긍정적 감정의 확대 정도가 큰 것으로 드러나 SNS 댓글이 부정적 감정보다 긍정적 감정을 증폭하는 경향이 있음을 알 수 있었다. 댓글의 원 게시글 증폭 방향과 정도에 있어서는 댓글이 긍정 유지, 혹은 긍정 전환될 때는 SNS 포스팅 작성자와 포스팅에 포함된 게시글 작성자가 동일할 경우 증폭정도도 커지지만 부정 유지되는 경우에는 그렇지 않은 경우에 오히려 증폭되는 경향이 있다는 것을 밝혀 사회적 연결망 하의 관계가 댓글 증폭에 큰 영향을 미치는 것을 보였다.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.257-268
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• 2016

In the companion papers (I, II), site-specific response analyses were performed at more than 300 domestic sites and a new site classification system and design response spectra (DRS) were proposed using the results of the site-specific response analyses. In this paper, the proposed site classification system and the design response spectra are compared with those in other seismic codes and verified by different methods. Firstly, the design response spectra are compared with the design response spectra in Eurocode 8, KBC 2016 and MOCT 1997 to estimate quantitative differences and general trends. Secondly, site-specific response analyses are carried out using $V_S$-profiles obtained using field seismic tests and the results are compared with the proposed DRS in order to reduce the uncertainty in using the SPT-N value in site-specific response analyses in the companion paper (I). In addition, site coefficients from real earthquake records measured in Korean peninsula are used to compare with the proposed site coefficients. Finally, dynamic centrifuge tests are also performed to simulate the representative Korean site conditions, such as shallow depth to bedrock and short-period amplification characteristics. The overall results showed that the proposed site classification system and design response spectra reasonably represented the site amplification characteristic of shallow bedrock condition in Korea.

• 대한자원환경지질학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한자원환경지질학회 1999년도 춘계 공동학술발표회
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• pp.116-119
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• 1999

Amplification factor spectrum, using the observed strong ground motions database in the Korean Peninsula, has been obtained and compared with Standard Response Spectrum, which was suggested by United States Nuclear Regulatory Committee. The observed und motions from the Yongwol and the Kyoungju, and the other recent Earthquakes, respectively, which ate supposed to represent domestic seismotectonic characteristics such as seismic source, attenuation of the propagation medium, and site specific effect, are used for the analysis of amplification factor spectrum. The database are slightly different from the those of the second study. Amplification factors hue been calculated by comparing the observed peak ground motions with results from responses to the observed horizontal na vertical ground motions. The comparison have shown that the amplification factors resultant from this study exceeds these of Standard Response Spectrum, The results suggest that the characteristics of seismic strong ground motion, which are supposed to represent the domestic seismotectonic characteristics, differs from those of Standard Response Spectrum, especially at higher frequencies. The results from the 2nd study are similar to those of 1st analysis.