• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.182-189
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• 2007

Process Capability indices(PCIs) have been widely used in manufacturing industries to provide a quantitative measure of process performance. PCIs have been developed to represent process capability more exactly. The traditional process capability indices Cp, Cpk, Cpm, $Cpm^+$ have been used to characterize process performance on the basis of univariate quality characteristics. Cp, Cpk consider the process variation, Cpm considers both the process variation and the process deviation from target and $Cpm^+$ considers economic loss for the process deviation from target In the previous studies, only one designated location on each part is measured. System process capability index even though in single process, multiple measurement locations on each part are required to calculate the reliable process capability. In manufacturing industry, there is growing interest in quantitative measures of process variation under multivariate quality characteristics. The multivariate process capability index incorporates both the process variation and the process deviation from target or considers expected loss caused by the process deviation from target. In this paper, we compare various process capability indices and propose the application method of PCIs.

• Current Optics and Photonics
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• v.2 no.6
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• pp.532-539
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• 2018

Multiple LED arrays can be utilized in visible-light communication (VLC) to improve communication efficiency, while maintaining smart illumination functionality through dimming control. This paper proposes a modulation scheme called "Spatial Intensity Modulation" (SIM), where the effective number of turned-on LEDs is employed for data modulation and dimming control in VLC systems. Unlike the conventional pulse-amplitude modulation (PAM), symbol intensity levels are not determined by the amplitude levels of a VLC signal from each LED, but by counting the number of turned-on LEDs, illuminating with a single amplitude level. Because the intensity of a SIM symbol and the target dimming level are determined solely in the spatial domain, the problems of conventional PAM-based VLC and related MIMO VLC schemes, such as unstable dimming control, non uniform illumination functionality, and burdens of channel prediction, can be solved. By varying the number and formation of turned-on LEDs around the target dimming level in time, the proposed SIM scheme guarantees homogeneous illumination over a target area. An analysis of the dimming capacity, which is the achievable communication rate under the target dimming level in VLC, is provided by deriving the turn-on probability to maximize the entropy of the SIM-based VLC system. In addition, a practical design of dimmable SIM scheme applying the multilevel inverse source coding (MISC) method is proposed. The simulation results under a range of parameters provide baseline data to verify the performance of the proposed dimmable SIM scheme and applications in real systems.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.659-666
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• 2021

With the continuous development of deep learning, human behavior recognition algorithms have achieved good results. However, in a multi-person recognition environment, the complex behavior environment poses a great challenge to the efficiency of recognition. To this end, this paper proposes a multi-person pose estimation model. First of all, the human detectors in the top-down framework mostly use the two-stage target detection model, which runs slow down. The single-stage YOLOv3 target detection model is used to effectively improve the running speed and the generalization of the model. Depth separable convolution, which further improves the speed of target detection and improves the model's ability to extract target proposed regions; Secondly, based on the feature pyramid network combined with context semantic information in the pose estimation model, the OHEM algorithm is used to solve difficult key point detection problems, and the accuracy of multi-person pose estimation is improved; Finally, the Euclidean distance is used to calculate the spatial distance between key points, to determine the similarity of postures in the frame, and to eliminate redundant postures.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.30 no.12
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• pp.1919-1926
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• 2020

CRISPR interference (CRISPRi) has been developed as a transcriptional control tool by inactivating the DNA cleavage ability of Cas9 nucleases to produce dCas9 (deactivated Cas9), and leaving dCas9 the ability to specifically bind to the target DNA sequence. CRISPR/Cas9 technology has limitations in designing target-specific single-guide RNA (sgRNA) due to the dependence of protospacer adjacent motif (PAM) (5'-NGG) for binding target DNAs. Reportedly, Cas9-NG recognizing 5'-NG as the PAM sequence has been constructed by removing the dependence on the last base G of PAM through protein engineering of Cas9. In this study, a dCas9-NG protein was engineered by introducing two active site mutations in Cas9-NG, and its ability to regulate transcription was evaluated in the gal promoter in E. coli. Analysis of cell growth rate, D-galactose consumption rate, and gal transcripts confirmed that dCas9-NG can completely repress the promoter by recognizing DNA targets with PAM of 5'-NGG, NGA, NGC, NGT, and NAG. Our study showed possible PAM sequences for dCas9-NG and provided information on target-specific sgRNA design for regulation of both gene expression and cellular metabolism.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.408-416
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• 2010

A study on the calibration of an X-band HPS(Hongik Polarimetric Scatterometer) system for ground-based operation is presented in this paper. In order to calibrate the scatterometer system, the degree of its distortions are analyzed by comparison between theoretical- and measured-values using the theoretically well-known calibration targets such as a metal sphere, a trihedral corner reflector(CR) and a metal cylinder. The calibration works in the field conditions depend on the precise and stable measurements of those calibration target. we present a measurement technique, so-called, an automatic 2-D target-scanning technique, using the incidence-angle(${\xi}-$ and ${\phi}-$ directions) control of HPS system. Then, we used STCT(Single-Target Calibration Technique) and GCT(General Calibration Technique) to calibrate a distortion of the scatterometer system, and measured the polarimetric RCS(Radar Cross Section) and phase-difference of a trihedral-CR as a test-target to verify the accuracy of the calibration technique. Then, three different types(i.e., 10, 20, 30 cm) of trihedral-CR were used. we obtained the error ranges about ${\pm}1.0$dB, ${\pm}0.5$ dB in a polarimetric RCS and about $-20^{\circ}{\sim}0^{\circ}$ and ${\pm}5^{\circ}$ in the co-polarized phase-difference by using the GCT and STCT, respectively.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.534-542
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• 2021

Single-molecular guide RNA (sgRNA) plays a role in recognizing the DNA target sequence in CRISPR technology for genome editing and gene expression control. In this study, we systematically compared the length of the target recognition sequence in sgRNAs required for genome editing using Cas9-NG (an engineered Cas9 recognizing 5'-NG as PAM sequence) and gene expression control using deactivated Cas9-NG (dCas9-NG) by targeting the gal promoter in E. coli. In the case of genome editing, the truncation of three nucleotides in the target recognition sequence (TRS) of sgRNA was allowed. In gene expression regulation, we observed that target recognition and binding were possible even if eleven nucleotides were deleted from twenty nucleotides of the TRS. When 4 or more nucleotides are truncated in the TRS of the sgRNA, it is thought that the sgRNA/Cas9-NG complex can specifically bind to the target DNA sequence, but lacks endonuclease activity to perform genome editing. Our study will be helpful in the development of artificial transcription factors and various CRISPR technologies in the field of synthetic biology.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.93-97
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• 2007

This study was designed to evaluate radiosurgery technique using multiple noncoplanar arc therapy with intensity modulated fine MLC shaped photon beam. The stereotactic radiosurgery was performed with 6-MV X-ray beams from a Clinac 21EX LINAC (Varian, Palo Alto, CA, USA) with a MLC-120, which features a full $40{\times}40cm$ field and is the first MLC for general use that offers 0.5 cm resolution for high precision treatment of small and irregular fields. We used a single isocenter and five gantry-couch combinations with a set of intensity modulated arc therapy. We investigated dosimetric characteristics of 2 cm sized spherical target volume with film (X-OMAT V2 film, Kodak Inc, Rochester NY, USA) dosimetry within $25{\times}25cm$ acrylic phantom. A simulated single isocentric treatment using inversely Planned 3D radiotherapy planning system demonstrated the ability to conform the dose distribution to an spherical target volume. The 80% dose level was adequate to encompass the target volume in frontal, sagittal, and transverse planes, and the region between the 40% and 80% isodose lines was $4.0{\sim}4.5mm$ and comparable to the dose distribution of the Boston Arcs. We expect that our radiosurgery technique could be a treatment option for irregular-shaped large intracranial target.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.209-219
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• 2007

Since 100PPM Quality Certification System has been established by the Industrial Advancement Administration in 1995, 100PPM duality Innovation movement has contributed much to the enhancement of qualify competitiveness of Korea's parts industry. And in 2000, raised to a higher level, Single PPM qualify Certification System has been established by the Small and Medium Business Adminstration. The quality target is below the 10ppm(parts per million) in outgoing qualify and delivered goods plus field claim. Recently 1.818 companies is received Single PPM Quality Certification from Government. Single PPM Quality Innovation movement is perfection movement which is suitable for 21C's social-economical criteria to pursuit of zero defect. The purpose of this study is to suggest the Kano Model based Global Sustainable duality Innovation(GSQI) Index to improve current problems of Single PPM Quality Innovation Movement.

• Progress in Superconductivity
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.153-156
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• 2003

We have studied fabrication of $MgB_2$ thin film on $SrTiO_3$ (001) and r-cut $A1_2$$O_3$ substrates by rf magnetron sputtering method using and $ MgB_2$ single target and two targets of Mg and B, respectively. Based on P -T phase diagram of $MgB_2$ and vapor pressure curves of Mg and B, a three-step process was employed. B layer was deposited at the bottom to enhance the film adhesion to the substrate. Secondly, co-sputtering of Mg and B was done. Finally, Mg was sputtered on top to compensate fur the loss of Mg during annealing. Subsequently, $MgB_2$ films were in-situ annealed in various conditions. The sample fabricated using the three-step process showed $T_{c}$ of 24 K and formation of superconducting $MgB_2$ phase was confirmed by XRD spectra. In case of co-sputtering deposition, $T_{c}$ depended on annealing time and argon pressure. However, those made by single-target sputtering showed non-superconducting behavior or low transition temperature, at best.est.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.27 no.9
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• pp.808-816
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• 2016

In this paper, a new technique and cost function which can be to classify jamming signal and target signal from the spectral distribution of received signal in order to minimize the main beam distortion of target signal and to form nulls in the direction of jamming signal in array antennas of single port system is proposed. The proposed cost function is applied to the adaptive algorithm which has the fast convergence and stable nulling performance through the combination of the PSO(Particle Swam Optimization) algorithm and the gradient-based perturbation algorithm, which shows stable nulling performance adaptively even under the moving jamming signal where the incident direction of the jamming signal is changing with time.