• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.112-139
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• 2000

I examined and referred to literatures of every generations on the nicknames, causes, herb medications and acupucture treatments of ptosis(上胞下垂). And then the results were obtained as follows. We've compared and analyzed Occidental and Oriental medical causes, symptoms and treatments of Primary trigeminal neuralgia and wanted to get better effects by a cooperative analysis. So the examination and analysis of the recent treatment tendency and reference bibliography show the following results. 1. Trigeminal neuralgia is nerve systematic disease appearing in the distribution scope of trigeminal nerve. It's characterized by extreme pain accompanying with a repeated and simultaneous fit from several seconds to 1-2 minutes. 2. Though there are many hypothesis on the trigeminal neuralgia, but now many doctors agree that when trigeminal nerve is under the local out of sheath conditions resulting from receiving a chronic stimulus, and the nucleus of trigeminal nerve fire, owing to decrease of pain control function and abnormal occurrence of action potential, it would be appeared. 3. The Oriental medical name of trigeminal neuralgia is generally Dootong, Doopoong, Myuntong, Pyundootong, Pyundoopoong, and Myuntong is the nearest in Occidental medicine. 4. The Oriental medical cause of trigeminal neuralgia is usually divided into Wekam and Naesang. The first one is caused by Poonghan, Poongyul, Damhwa and wicked energy enter into the body, the mechanical energy is obstructed and can't move any more, so the pain appears by them. The other cause is the hurt by emotion. And it would be loss of the transportain of liver and obstructed, so result into Kanwulhwahwa, Kanpoongnaedong and the pain appears. 5. There are two methods of curing trigeminal neuralgia. As a medication, primary method is prescribing Carbamazepine and the second is using Phenytoin or Baclofen. And as a operation, Drug injection of trigeminal nerve, Amputation of branches of trigeminal nerve, Retrogasserian glycerol rhizotomy, Radiofrequency gangliolysis, Neurovascular decompression can be used. 6. There are several herb medicines for Trigeminal neuralgia. First, Chungung is good for Hwaejeetong, Keopoongjedam, Hwalhyuljeetong. Second, Jeongal, Jiryong, Okong is used for Sikpoonghekyung, Tongkyungjeetong. Third, Baekjee, Sesin, Cheonma, Manhyungja is efficacious in Sinonhepyo. Sanpoongjeetong. Fourth, for falling of liver's Wulhwa, Yongdamcho, Hyungge, Kukwha can be used. And also Saengjihwang, Hwangkm is good for going down the fever of Yangmyungwiyul and finally, Baekkangjam. Moryu can be effective for Jaumjamyang, Haekyungjitong. The other medicines can be used as assistant analgesics, and it also efficacious. 7. Generally the points of pain on the face and the points of Soyangkyung and Yangmyungkyung is used for Acupuntual therapy, because the two meridians passed on the face. Hakwan. Sabaek, Kwanryo, Keoryo, Hyubkeo, Taeyang, Jeechang, Younghyang, Eoyo, Chanjuk. Yangbaek. Sajukkong. Dooyoo, Kwangsangjum, Sengjang, Poongjee is used for taking near point and Joksamlee, Naejung, Habkok is used for taking distant point. 8. Dansam or Danggui injection which have a effect for Hwalhyulhwaeo, Sokyunghwalak and Vit B1, Vit B2, Vit B12, $2\%$ Hydrochloroprocaine, $1\%$ Lidocaine injection to pain point for local analgesics had so good effect. And external application and moxibustion are used for another treatment. 9. It proved that through mouse model, both Herb medication group and Drug medication group are efficacious for trigeminal neuralgia similarly and also the cooperative medication group shows more effective result than the only drug medication group.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.185-193
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• 2016

Purpose of this study is to classify damaged lands according to the cause of the damage and their influences based on characteristic of the damaged lands in DeMilitarized Zone(DMZ) area, and utilize this study as a fundamental study for establishment of ecosystem restoration system. Literature review and field survey have been conducted to review the damage status of DMZ area. For field survey, first year and second year have been conducted, in which type of the damage has been reviewed in this study. In the result, types of damage have been classified into 6 categories: 'alteration of initial landform', 'loss of surface layer', 'land pollution', 'alteration of soil chemical property', 'decline of vegetation', and 'invasion of foreign species'. Restoration for each damage type is as following. First, for alteration of initial landform, the land is restored to the original landform prior to the damage and connection to surrounding ecosystem is considered. Second, for loss of surface layer, lost surface layer is restored or further loss is prevented with stabilization. Third, for land pollution, source of the pollution is eradicated or self-circulation with purification of polluted land is encouraged. Fourth, for alteration of soil chemical property, soil is restored of its original property with eradication of the pollution source and improvement of soil. Fifth, for decline of vegetation, current vegetation and anticipated alteration in future are considered and number of wild species is to be increased based on structure and characteristic of nearby vegetation. Sixth, for invasion of foreign species, prevention of dominance by risky species and facilitation ecological stability with ecological management are to be considered. Influence according to the cause of damage has occurred in secondary(indirect) influence or simultaneous occurrence of several damage types. Considering all these aspects, when type of the damage is complex, restoration process for each of former mentioned 6 damage types with solitary influence should be considered in unison.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.247-263
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• 2016

Safe animal feed is important for the health of animals, the environment and for the safety of foods of animal origin. Therefore, the aims of this study were: 1) to validate simultaneous analytical method and 2) to investigate the amount of pesticide residues in animal feed from Republic of Korea as a part of official control. A total of 126 samples were collected in 2015 and analyzed for 105 pesticides. According to pesticides monitoring result, no residue was found in 84.1% of the samples, whereas 15.9% of samples contained pesticide residues below the maximum residue limits (MRLs). Pirimiphos-methyl and cyproconazole were the two most frequently found pesticides. The results show that all commercial feed monitored in 2015 were safe under the Korean MRL and occurrence of pesticide residues in animal feed could not be considered serious threats to human and animal health. However, continuous monitoring with tighter regulation for pesticide residues in animal feed is recommended.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.133-138
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• 2000

We have investigated some crystallographic, magnetic, and transport properties of the first colossal magnetoresistive compounds $La_{1-x}Ba_{x}MnO_3(0\leq\chi\leq$1)$(5\;K\leqT\leq360K,-5T\leqH\leq5T$ and resistivity $(100K\leqT\leq350K$measurements. $La_{1-x}Ba_{x}MnO_3$ were found to be ferromagnetic for all x.The $La_{1-x}Ba_{x}MnO_3$were found to be insulating for x< 0.2, metallic for 0.20.5. The magnitude of saturation magnetization (Ms) increased until x=1/8 and had theoretical maximum Ms for 0.13$\sfrac{3}{8}$ and had a constant value of 335~340 K for x>$\sfrac{3}{8}$. For $x\geq0.5$ the $La_{1-x}Ba_{x}MnO_3$ samples showed a percolation-type conduction behavior and enhanced low field magnetoresistance caused by simultaneous occurrence of the chemical/magnetic phase separation.

• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.61-68
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• 2015

Warpage analysis has been performed for top and bottom packages of thin package-on-packages processed with different epoxy molding compounds (EMCs). Warpage deviation was measured for packages molded with the same EMCs and also the warpage deviations of top and bottom substrates themselves were characterized in order to identify the major factor causing the package warpage. For the top and bottom packages processed with thin substrates, the warpage deviation of the substrates was large, which made it difficult to figure out the effect of EMC properties on the package warpage. Top packages, where the molding area of $13mm{\times}13mm$ covered the most of the substrate area ($14mm{\times}14mm$), exhibited similar warpage behavior with changing the temperature. On the other hand, bottom packages, where the molding area was only $8mm{\times}8mm$, exhibited the complex warpage behavior due to simultaneous occurrence of (+) and (-) warpages on the same package. Accordingly, the bottom packages showed dissimilar temperature-warpage behavior even being processed with the same EMCs.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.129-136
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• 2009

The incidence of ectopic pregnancy is increased since in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET) has started. And because of the possibility of combined pregnancy after IVF-ET, bilateral adnexal area and other portion of pelvis should be examined carefully by transvaginal ultrasonography during follow-up period. The rate of combined pregnancy after IVF is estimated to be as high as 0.2~1%. Since the incidence of combined pregnancies is markedly higher with IVF, special attention to this possibility after ET is warranted. According to a recent report, the occurrence of interstitial pregnancy is estimated to be 1:3600 for all pregnancies achieved with IVF. The prevalence of interstitial pregnancies is 2~4% of ectopic pregnancies. Interstitial pregnancies tend to be diagnosed later than most other ectopic pregnancies, and if uterine rupture occurs, the resulting hemorrhage can be severe. Currently, about 2% to 3% of interstitial pregnancies are thought to carry a maternal death, which is twice that of other tubal gestations. We report a case of simultaneous left tubal and right interstitial pregnancies after IVF-ET with a brief review of literature.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.41-52
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• 2016

Objectives: Scrub typhus is one of the most prevalent vector-borne diseases. It is caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi, which is transmitted when people are bitten by infected chigger mites. This study aims at quantifying the association between the incidence of scrub typhus and meteorological factors in Jeollabuk-do Province over the period 2001-2015. Methods: Reported cases of scrub typhus were collected from the website of the Disease Web Statistical System supported by the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (KCDC). Simultaneous meteorological data, including temperature, rainfall, relative humidity, and sunshine duration were collected from the website of the National Climate Data Service System by the Korea Meteorological Administration. Correlation and regression analyses were applied to identify the association between the incidence of scrub typhus and meteorological factors. Results: The general epidemiological characteristics of scrub typhus in Jeollabuk-do Province were similar to those nationwide for sex, age, and geographical distribution. However, the annual incidence rate (i.e., cases per 100,000) of scrub typhus in Jeollabuk-do Province was approximately four times higher than all Korea's 0.9. The number of total cases was the highest proportion at 13.3% in Jeonbuk compared to other regions in Korea. The results of correlation analysis showed that there were significant correlations between annual cases of scrub typhus and monthly data for meteorological factors such as temperature and relative humidity in late spring and summer, especially in the case of temperature in May and June. The results of regression analysis showed that determining factors in the regression equation explaining the incidence of scrub typhus reached 46.2% and 43.5% in May and June. Using the regression equation, each 1oC rise in the monthly mean temperature in May or June may lead to an increase of 38 patients with scrub typhus compared to the annual mean of incidence cases in Jeollabuk-do Province. Conclusion: The result of our novel attempts provided rational evidence that meteorological factors are associated with the occurrence of scrub typhus in Jeollabuk-do. It should therefore be necessary to observe the trends and predict patterns of scrub typhus transmission in relation to global-scale climate change. Also, action is urgently needed in all areas, especially critical regions, toward taking steps to come up with preventive measures against scrub typhus transmission.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.67-71
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• 2000

Since its first description in 1951 by Mantz and Craig, pulmonary hypertension associated with portal hypertension has been observed more frequently. In a recent prospective study Hadengue et al. reported 2 % incidence of pulmonary hypertension in patients with portal hypertension. Thus this simultaneous occurrence can no longer be considered to be coincidental. The etiology remains unclear. It is most likely that vasoactive substances, normally metabolized by the liver, may have gained access to pulmonary circulation through portosystemic collaterals in portal hypertension. In genetically susceptible individuals, these substances could lead to pulmonary hypertension by inducing vasoconstriction or direct toxic damage to the wall of the small pulmonary arteries. A recent case of pulmonary hypertension in a 49-year-old woman with portal hypertension due to liver cirrhosis is reported as well as a review of the literature.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.621-640
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• 2019

Quantitative stability assessment of underground cavities can be presented as a factor of safety based on the Shear Strength Reduction Method (SSRM). Also, SSRM is one of the stability evaluation methods commonly used in slope stability analysis. However, there is a lack of research that considers the relationship between the probability of occurrence of cavities in the ground and the potential failure surface of the slope at the same time. In this study, the effect of small underground cavities on the failure behavior of the slope was analyzed by using SSRM. Considering some of the glaciology studies, there is a case that suggests that there is a cavity effect inside the glacier in the condition that the glacier slides. In this study, the stability evaluation of underground cavities and slope stability analysis, where SSRM is used in geotechnical engineering field, was carried out considering simultaneous conditions. The slope stability analysis according to the shape and position change of underground cavities which are likely to occur in the lower part of a mountain road was analyzed by using SSRM in FLAC3D software and the influence of underground cavities on the slope factor of safety was confirmed. If there are underground cavities near slope potential failure surface, it will affect the calculation of a factor of safety. The results of this study are expected to be basic data on slope stability analysis with small underground cavities.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.370-376
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• 2022

Smart ships related studies are being conducted in various fields owing to the development of technology, and an engine room patrol robot that can patrol the unmanned engine room is one such study. A patrol robot moves around the engine room based on the information learned through artificial intelligence and checks the machine normality and occurrence of abnormalities such as water leakage, oil leakage, and fire. Study on engine room patrol robots is mainly conducted on machine detection using artificial intelligence, however study on movement and control is insufficient. This causes a problem in that even if a patrol robot detects an object, there is no way to move to the detected object. To secure maneuverability to quickly identify the presence of abnormality in the engine room, this study experimented with whether a patrol robot can determine the shortest path by applying the A* algorithm. Data were obtained by driving a small car equipped with LiDAR in the ship engine room and creating a map by mapping the obtained data with SLAM(Simultaneous Localization And Mapping). The starting point and arrival point of the patrol robot were set on the map, and the A* algorithm was applied to determine whether the shortest path from the starting point to the arrival point was found. Simulation confirmed that the shortest route was well searched while avoiding obstacles from the starting point to the arrival point on the map. Applying this to the engine room patrol robot is believed to help improve ship safety.