• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.55 no.6
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• pp.47-55
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• 2013

The objective of this study is to evaluate the applicability of Communication, Ocean, and Meteorological Satellite (COMS) Geostationary Ocean Color Imager (GOCI) vegetation indices on a quantitative analysis. For evaluation, the vegetation indices such as RVI, NDVI and SAVI were extracted by using COMS GOCI and Terra Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) imageries. The 4,000 points using simple random sampling (SRS) method were randomly extracted from land areas except ocean to compare the vegetation indices from two images. The results of linear regression showed that the regression coefficients of RVI, NDVI, and SAVI between COMS GOCI and Terra MODIS were 0.66~0.82, 0.71~0.83, and 0.71~0.83, respectively. Especially, the regression coefficients of RVI (r=0.85), NDVI (r=0.91) and SAVI (r=0.91) were strongly related from September 2011 to January 2012. Thus, COMS GOCI can be substituted for particular periods and it needs to verify additionally.

• Asian Journal of Business Environment
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.23-29
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• 2013

Purpose - The study investigates the obstacles faced by small business owners (SBOs) in accessing finance in the Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality. The study aims to identify the causes of inaccessibility to finance for SBOs, investigate the role of government agencies in supporting SBOs, assess the extent to which banks support SMMEs, and suggest solutions to ease the challenge of inaccessibility of finance. Research design, data, methodology -We used a triangulation research design, wherein SMME owners and managers in the Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality were the target population. We used simple random sampling techniques to select respondents, and conducted in-depth interviews to collect qualitative data. Results - We analyzed quantitative data using descriptive statistics, Chi-square tests, and factor analysis. The qualitative data was analyzed using content analysis. The study identifies and discusses the obstacles in accessing finance; the main among which are the lack of collateral security, poor business plans, lack of knowledge, and lack of financial deposit. Conclusions -We urge the banks, government, and government agencies to support the SMME sector, for it remains the economic engine of many African countries and helps in reducing the impact of socio-economic challenges, like unemployment and poverty.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.11
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• pp.205-218
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• 2020

This study aims to analyze the influence of financial inclusion on micro-, small-, and medium-sized enterprises' (MSMEs) performance and examine the mediation role of financial intermediation and access to capital. The object of this study is MSMEs in Malang, Indonesia. The sample consists of 100 MSME actors in Malang City, which is determined using Roscoes theory. The data is collected using Simple Random Sampling method, by distributing questionnaire measured with Likert scales. The hypotheses proposed in this study are examined using Partial Least Square (PLS) model. The results of this study show that financial inclusion influences MSMEs' performance both directly and indirectly through mediation from financial intermediation and access to capital. The direct influence means that the efforts to increase access to financial services, especially access to credit financing for MSMEs, will be able to increase market share, number of workers, sales, as well as profit of the MSMEs. Increased financial inclusion has a major impact on improving MSMEs' performance through financial intermediation compared to access to capital. This means that the increase of financial access for MSMEs followed by an increase in financial intermediation in the form of a financial service approach to MSMEs will improve MSMEs' performance.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.11
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• pp.499-506
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• 2020

The study examines the influence of individual characteristics, training content, and manager support on the effectiveness of on-the-job (OJT) training in the banking and finance industry. A simple random sampling technique was used to select the samples. Questionnaires were distributed to respondents in order to obtain the data. Using cross-sectional data obtained from 396 respondents in Bank A in Malaysia, the multiple regression results show that self-efficacy, motivation to learn, training content, and manager support have positive influence on OJT training effectiveness. Among all these factors, manager support is very highly correlated with OJT training effectiveness. The findings have given fruitful insight of the crucial roles of OJT training in the respective bank, particularly to bring forward the roles of systematic design and implementation of OJT training. This study is not only expanding knowledge in OJT and training, but offers managers practical insights in developing good OJT training program by considering employees need, capabilities, skills and job requirement. Furthermore, this study also provides a valuable framework in identifying the effectiveness of OJT training program for certain jobs. Further discussion of the research findings and its implications to theoretical knowledge of training and managers are promised at the end of the article.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.49-67
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• 1988

The purpose of this study was to present a conceptual model for predicting housing quality. Housing quality was measured in three ways: perceived quality about physical features of houses, perceived level of the quality in comparison with perceived average level I urban area and housing satisfaction. The specific objectives to achieve the purpose were ; 1) to measure the perceived quality about physical features of houses and perceived level of the quality in comparison with the perceived average level I urban 2) to measure the level of housing satisfaction 3) to clarify the causality between the composite variables of housing quality. A final instrument was developed through two stage pilot surveys. The respondents were 1292 homemakers of middle and high economic class in seoul and Daejeon, selected through stratified random sampling technique. Data were collected during March and April, 1986, and analyzed using SPSS and SAS computer packages. The statistics used were frequency, percentage, F-test, Duncan's Multiple Range, x2, Cramer's V, Multiple linear Regression, Path analysis. The major finding were as follows; the variables significantly related to predict the housing quality were found. The simple, composite variables and 3 measures of housing quality were linked using path analysis, thereby a conceptual model predicting housing quality was suggested.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1998.07g
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• pp.2360-2362
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• 1998

This paper presents a new collison-free trajectory problem for SCARA robot manipulator. we use artificial potential field for collison detection and avoidance. The potential function is typically defined as the sum of attractive potential pulling the robot toward the goal configuration and a repulsive potential pushing the robot away from the obstacles. In here, end-effector of manipulator is represented as a particle in configuration space and moving obstacles is simply represented, too. we consider not fixed obstacle but moving obstacle in random. So, we propose new distance function of artificial potential field with moving obstacle for SCARA robot. At every sampling time, the artificial potential field is update and the force driving manipulator is derived from the gradient vector of artificial potential field. To real-time path planning, we apply very simple modeling to obstacle. Some simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed approach.

• Advances in Energy Research
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.207-217
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• 2017

Energy consumption in agriculture is responsible for greenhouse gas emission but it can be reduced after efficient utilization of energy inputs. Therefore, the present study aims for the estimation of energy efficiency and extent of greenhouse gas reduction after benchmarking of inefficient farms in off-season tomato in Punjab province of Pakistan. Primary data were collected from 70 farmers with simple random sampling. By using data envelopment analysis, the average value of technical, pure technical and scale efficiency was 0.80, 0.92 and 0.87, respectively while increasing, constant and decreasing return to scale was observed in 33, 26 and 11 farmers, respectively. Total input energy was reduced by $12,688.91MJ\;ha^{-1}$ (13.89%) if inefficient farms used the energy inputs according to recommendations or benchmarking. A major portion of energy saving comes from fertilizers (68.79%) followed by diesel (15.70%), chemicals (5.91%), machinery (4.37%) and water (4.00%). Total greenhouse gases reduction was $499.17kg\;CO_2\;eq.ha^{-1}$ (14.57%) as a result of improvement in energy efficiency or benchmarking of inefficient farms. Agricultural extension staff should visit the vegetable farms on regular basis and give necessary information about efficient utilization of energy inputs. The government should create awareness about the optimum use of input through seminars and pamphlets.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.12
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• pp.421-429
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• 2021

The aim of the study is to explore the impact of intellectual capital and knowledge management on public sector innovation and also role knowledge management as the mediator variable. The study applied a descriptive quantitative method and by using a simple random sampling approach to 200 civil workers in Indonesian government entities. The data was gathered using an online questionnaire technique and analyzed using the AMOS program for structural equation modeling (SEM). According to the findings of the research, intellectual capital has a substantial influence on knowledge management. As a result, intellectual capital and knowledge management have a significant impact on public sector innovation, with knowledge management serving as a mediator between intellectual capital and public sector innovation. Besides that, the findings of this study suggest that organizations can increase innovation by choosing the right intellectual capital and utilizing good knowledge management. This work addresses a vacuum in the literature on applying knowledge management in the public sector, and so adds substantially to the theoretical progress of the area. Moreover, this is the first study to test the mediating role of knowledge management in the relationship between intellectual capital and innovation in the public sector of a developed country.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.277-285
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• 2021

This study aims to examine the effect of variables of financial management information systems, organizational culture, and human resource competence on the accountability of village government financial reporting. The sample was 65 villages in the two districts using a simple random sampling technique. To analyze the data of this research, multiple regression analysis was conducted. The results showed that organizational culture as a differentiator in the two districts, namely financial management information systems, organizational culture, and human resource competence has a significant positive effect on accountability in preparing village government financial reports in Tabanan Regency. Meanwhile, organizational culture does not have a significant influence in Badung Regency, this is because each village government has a different work culture. In the Tabanan regency, we use local culture as the basis for organizational culture, while in the Badung regency it can be examined between organizational culture and it is carried out differently, which indicates that no one organizational culture type is superior to other types. This means that all types can move in line with and hand-in-hand based on how and when organizational goals are to be realized.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.9
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• pp.91-100
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• 2021

Educational institutions play a critical role in national development through the advancement of skilled human resources and intellectual society. The number of higher educational institutions (HEIs) is increasing significantly in Bangladesh. Students have a number of options from which to select their preferred educational institutions. Hence, HEIs should think about the quality of services they provide to students. The objective of this study is to measure students' satisfaction and university reputation through service quality (SQ) in a private higher educational institution (PriHEI) in Bangladesh. Primary data was collected from 270 students of International Islamic University Chittagong (IIUC), Bangladesh, through a simple random sampling technique. In this study, data was analyzed through descriptive statistics, correlation, measurement model using confirmatory factor analyses, and structural equation modeling (SEM). The results showed that transport services have indirect but medical and physical facilities have both direct and indirect significant effects on overall students' satisfaction. Further, the administrative services and research facilities have significant indirect effects on overall students' satisfaction. Finally, the results of structural equation modeling (SEM) confirm that the reputation of the university is directly associated with overall students' satisfaction.