• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
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• fall
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• pp.91-94
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• 2021

As deep learning technologies becoming developed, realistic fake videos synthesized by deep learning models called "Deepfake" videos became even more difficult to distinguish from original videos. As fake news or Deepfake blackmailing are causing confusion and serious problems, this paper suggests a novel model detecting Deepfake videos. We chose Residual Convolutional Neural Network (Resnet50) as an extraction model and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) which is a form of Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) as a classification model. We adopted cosine similarity with hinge loss to train our extraction model in embedding the features of Deepfake and original video. The result in this paper demonstrates that temporal features in the videos are essential for detecting Deepfake videos.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.89-98
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• 2016

In this paper, we proposed an automated areal feature matching method based on geometric similarity without user intervention and is applied into areal features of many-to-many relation, for confusion of spatial data-sets of different scale and updating cycle. Firstly, areal feature(node) that a value of inclusion function is more than 0.4 was connected as an edge in adjacency matrix and candidate corresponding areal features included many-to-many relation was identified by multiplication of adjacency matrix. For geometrical matching, these multiple candidates corresponding areal features were transformed into an aggregated polygon as a convex hull generated by a curve-fitting algorithm. Secondly, we defined matching criteria to measure geometrical quality, and these criteria were changed into normalized values, similarity, by similarity function. Next, shape similarity is defined as a weighted linear combination of these similarities and weights which are calculated by Criteria Importance Through Intercriteria Correlation(CRITIC) method. Finally, in training data, we identified Equal Error Rate(EER) which is trade-off value in a plot of precision versus recall for all threshold values(PR curve) as a threshold and decided if these candidate pairs are corresponding pairs or not. To the result of applying the proposed method in a digital topographic map and a base map of address system(KAIS), we confirmed that some many-to-many areal features were mis-detected in visual evaluation and precision, recall and F-Measure was highly 0.951, 0.906, 0.928, respectively in statistical evaluation. These means that accuracy of the automated matching between different spatial data-sets by the proposed method is highly. However, we should do a research on an inclusion function and a detail matching criterion to exactly quantify many-to-many areal features in future.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2022.09a
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• pp.55-55
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• 2022

Corylopsis Siebold & Zucc. (Hamamelidaceae) is widely used for horticultural plant and comprise ca. 25 species in East Asia (1 species in Korea; 4 species in Japan; 20 species in China). Previous revisions have gone from 7 to more than 30 species, causing confusion in the nursery industry and public gardens. Due to morphological similarity within Corylopsis, molecular research is needed to distinguish it. In this study, the chloroplast genome of C. gotoana and C. pauciflora distributed in Japan was completed by using NGS (Next-Generation Sequencing) technique. The genome size of C. gotoana and C. pauciflora were 159,434 bp (large single-copy (LSC): 88,164 bp; small single-copy (SSC): 18,702 bp; inverted repeat regions (IRs): 26,284 bp) and 159,363 bp (LSC: 88,097 bp; SSC: 18,700 bp; IRs: 26,283 bp), respectively. In addition, we investigated the repeats, SNPs, and indels, and that could be used as DNA markers. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that C. pauciflora was sister to C. gotoana and C. spicata. The genus Corylopsis is a monophyletic group and Loropetalum is closely related to Corylopsis. The results of our study will provide the basic data necessary for the analysis of the species identification markers and genetic diversity within the genus Corylopsis in the future.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.25
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• pp.453-482
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• 2011

Until now and in the studying of fantastic literature, there has been likely to regard the character as secondary element, compared to their actions. However, it has to be recognized that the characters is a barometer to divide the boundary among the marvellous literature, or fantasy, magic realism, etc., in particular it is an important narrative element to understand an epistemological vision of fantastic literature. This thesis analyzes the characters, focusing on two dimensions divided such as between protagonist/antagonist and protagonist narrator/editor narrator. The characters in fantastic literature are usually set-up as people like ourselves, because it is necessary for the readers to consider the supernatural phenomenon as real world situation. The reason why many characters in fantastic literature usually meet a tragic end is that the structure of fantastic literature embedded unresolved supernatural confusion into ordinary order in the end, while antagonists are viewed as holders of extraordinariness and they are far from vero-similarity. Together with usual characters who represent the world of logic and reason, antagonists who seek to understand more about the universe totally and thus regarded as symbols of intuition and imagination and ultimately are the elements of fantastic literature. On the other hand, the "first person narrator" is divided between "protagonist narrator" who narrates the supernatural things through his/her own experience to readers and "editor narrator" who narrates the other's experiences. Particularly in the case of "editor narrator", he/she may narrates the stories with different explication and angle, which lead to hesitation and confusion for readers to identify between reality and unreality or natural logic and supernatural one. Even though there are various categories in fantastic literature, this thesis exclude 'neo fantastic', 'metaphysical fantastic' ones, characterized as a possibility of convergence with the secondary interpretation and symbolic implication. Beyond these materials, the literatures which involved with this thesis and analysis are normally related with traditional fantastic literary works which supernatural events intervene in real world and bring out collision between real and unreal, or natural and supernatural logics. Based on this criteria, this thesis chooses literary works such as "De los Reyes Futuros", "El Perjurio de la Nieve" written by Adolfo Bioy Casares who is a representative author in Latin American fantastic literature.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.165-182
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• 2015

The snailfishes (Scorpaenoidei: Liparidae) is a large group requiring taxonomic reviews because of a potential taxonomic confusion due to its great similarity in external morphology between species and a variation of its body color with size. Molecular phylogeny and taxonomic review were conducted for 10 species in 3 genera reported around the Korean waters, which facilitate understanding interrelationship within its family, and further management of fisheries resources. Molecular phylogeny using mitochondrial COI (mtCOI) and nuclear RAG2 (nRAG2) sequences indicates that the reciprocal monophyly of the three genera (Careproctus, Crystallichthys, and Liparis) were supported except Crystallichthys matsushimae, being closely related to Careproctus notosaikaiensis in only mtDNA COI topology. Liparis ingens Gilbert and Burke (1912) was reported as a distinct species differing from L. ochotensis. However, in the present study, comparing L. ingens from Korea with L. ochotensis from Japan and Russia, the two species were well corresponded in their morphology and molecule, therefore, we suggest L. ingens to be treated as a junior synonym of L. ochotensis.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.26
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• pp.321-351
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• 2012

This paper attempts to clarify the similarity found in Seo Jungjoo's two books of poems, Seo Jungjoo Shiseon and Shillacho, and thereby to establish the continuity between Seo's early poetry and his mid-period poetry. This attempt arises from the realization that unfamiliar poetic material, background, and narration are merely surface features, and that in fact his early concerns nevertheless persist in terms of his poetic imagination and his Weltanschauung. Furthermore, this continuity seems to originate from shamanistic spiritual chaos that is consubstantially interrelated with the spirit of his deceased lover. After chaos and confusion subsided, the poet's endeavor to discover the lineal origin of his personal shamanism shows itself in Seo Jungjoo Shiseon, and we witness the embodiment of such endeavor in Shillacho. His interest in the skies as it is expressed in my poem, and Shilla as it is intimated by Gwanghwamun are sublimated in saso yeonjag and the words of Queen Seondeog into shamanic wisdom that served as the norm for both spiritual life and physical life in ancient times, and the wisdom is carried on further into the present in Seo's own times. Moreover, the star and the bell sound that were presented as signs of desirable Weltanschauung in Sangrigwawon are transformed into the symbols of shamanic wisdom, and into the inner magic formula that contributes to achieving the wisdom. This analysis offers as its result the evidence embedded in his poems that shows, first, that the two books correspond to merely two separate stages of his poetic concern, and second, that his early poetic concern persists, though transformed through a peculiar manner, into his mid-period poems.

• Clinical and Experimental Vaccine Research
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.125-128
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• 2022

Post-vaccination side effects of AstraZeneca (AZ) coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine are common. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) infection immediately after the first dose of AZ COVID-19 vaccine has not been reported. In this case, a 30-year-old female without a past medical history of SARS-CoV2 infection presented to an outpatient clinic with lightheadedness and weakness 2 hours after getting the first dose of the AZ COVID-19 vaccine. Blood pressure (BP) was 80/60 mm Hg, and oxygen saturation (SpO₂) was 98%. After administering normal saline intravenous fluid, the BP was 110/80 mm Hg. On the first day, fever (oral temperature of 39℃), sweating, dry cough, sore throat, and injection-site pain were presented. On the second day, diarrhea, productive cough, and hypotension occurred in addition to fever (oral temperature of 39.9℃). The fever did not stop and productive cough, change in smell, and fatigue were reported. SpO₂ was 96%. On the third day, no abnormality of the spiral lung computed tomography and the positive reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test were reported. Simultaneously, two out of three members of the family became symptomatic on the second day and their RT-PCR tests were positive. Dexamethasone ampule, Cefixime tablet, Acetaminophen tablet, and Diphenhydramine syrup were prescribed. After a week, fever subsided and SpO₂ was 98%. After 3 weeks of self-quarantine at home, her general condition improved. Despite the similarity between SARS-CoV2 infection signs and symptoms and AZ COVID-19 vaccine side effects, none of the approved vaccines contain the live virus that causes disease. Therefore, any unusual post-vaccination signs and symptoms should not be attributed to the vaccine itself and need to be considered for further evaluations and early actions in order to prevent the spread of the disease in society.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.14
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• pp.413-429
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• 2007

The Guard over the royal household in the "Goryeo" era was the same as if was over the President or Ruler of a nation today. In those days, a king represented a nation and any threat to the safety of a king could bring the destruction of a nation and the dispersion of the people. by reviewing the change of the 2-Gun 6-Wi system of the era, it can be, summed up as follow, Ther will be suggestions. The Guard might focus on a king's personal safety in the wake of the system of the Silla and Taebong dynasties until the establishment of the Goryeo Dynasty's unique political system. "Goryeo" rebuilt the royal palace in Gyeonyeong-gun to take the shape of unified country after its accomplishment of unification of the late three countries, Then it was afraid of the rebellion and uprising of local powerful clans, The country put them under control and organized the local army with them in the era of Kings, Seongjong, through the kings, Seongjong and Gwangjong. The army system of "Goryeo" consisted of 2-Gun and 6-Wi, and 2-Gun placed above the 6-Wi played the role of the Royal guards, and among the organizations a certain army under the specific name of "Gyeonyong-gun" guarded the kings in the nearest position. An aristocratic culture enjoyed its golden age in the period of stability of the aristocracy of "Goryeo", but afterward in the confusion of the aristocratic disruption and incompatible confrontation the country lost its control, and faced military rebellions by treating civil officials well and ill-treating military officials The safety of kings become unstable with the grasping political power by the military officials, and "Dobang" was established in the era of Choi's family to grasp political power. In the era of Choi Woo, he gathered his men and organized his familys army with them and managed the personnel administration with the civil officials of "Jeongbang and Seobang under his command. Such a fact shows the similarity to today's task of guarding. Considering the facts that "Sambyeolcho, the military ground of the military-men-rule, was at the center of the struggling against Mongolia and that even after the fall of the military regime, they rebelled and fought against Mongolia to the end, we came to know that the nationalism in the era of the military era was great. In the transition of external situations from "Myeong" to "Won"(Chinese dynasties), the conflict between the old "Won"-friendly power and the new "Myeong"-friendly power caused the weakness of the power to guard the royal household, and "Goryeo" at last gave way to the newly rising "Joseon" led by Lee, Seong Gye who won the people's confidence.