Historical Review on the Security Service for the Royal Household in the "Goryeo" Era

고려시대 왕실호위제도의 사적 고찰

The Guard over the royal household in the "Goryeo" era was the same as if was over the President or Ruler of a nation today. In those days, a king represented a nation and any threat to the safety of a king could bring the destruction of a nation and the dispersion of the people. by reviewing the change of the 2-Gun 6-Wi system of the era, it can be, summed up as follow, Ther will be suggestions. The Guard might focus on a king's personal safety in the wake of the system of the Silla and Taebong dynasties until the establishment of the Goryeo Dynasty's unique political system. "Goryeo" rebuilt the royal palace in Gyeonyeong-gun to take the shape of unified country after its accomplishment of unification of the late three countries, Then it was afraid of the rebellion and uprising of local powerful clans, The country put them under control and organized the local army with them in the era of Kings, Seongjong, through the kings, Seongjong and Gwangjong. The army system of "Goryeo" consisted of 2-Gun and 6-Wi, and 2-Gun placed above the 6-Wi played the role of the Royal guards, and among the organizations a certain army under the specific name of "Gyeonyong-gun" guarded the kings in the nearest position. An aristocratic culture enjoyed its golden age in the period of stability of the aristocracy of "Goryeo", but afterward in the confusion of the aristocratic disruption and incompatible confrontation the country lost its control, and faced military rebellions by treating civil officials well and ill-treating military officials The safety of kings become unstable with the grasping political power by the military officials, and "Dobang" was established in the era of Choi's family to grasp political power. In the era of Choi Woo, he gathered his men and organized his familys army with them and managed the personnel administration with the civil officials of "Jeongbang and Seobang under his command. Such a fact shows the similarity to today's task of guarding. Considering the facts that "Sambyeolcho, the military ground of the military-men-rule, was at the center of the struggling against Mongolia and that even after the fall of the military regime, they rebelled and fought against Mongolia to the end, we came to know that the nationalism in the era of the military era was great. In the transition of external situations from "Myeong" to "Won"(Chinese dynasties), the conflict between the old "Won"-friendly power and the new "Myeong"-friendly power caused the weakness of the power to guard the royal household, and "Goryeo" at last gave way to the newly rising "Joseon" led by Lee, Seong Gye who won the people's confidence.

고려시대의 왕실 호위라 함은 오늘날로 보면 국가원수에 대한 경호에 해당한다. 고려시대의 독특한 정치제도가 완성되기까지는 신라시대나 태봉국의 제도를 답습하여 왕의 신변을 중심으로 경호가 실행되었다. 고려의 중앙군은 2군과 6위라는 8개의 부대로 편성되었다. 2군은 6위보다 위였으며 이는 응양군(鷹揚軍)과 용호군(龍虎軍)으로서 이를 근장(近仗)이라고 불렀다. 이를 오늘날의 공경호와 관련을 지어보면 근접경호에 해당된다. 고려 귀족 사회의 안정기에 귀족문화의 전성기를 누렸으나 그 뒤로 귀족분열과 상극대립으로 중앙통제력이 약화되는 가운데 무신란이 일어나고 무신들이 집권함으로서 왕의 신변은 안정되지 못하였다. 최씨 무인집권시대에 이르러 무인집권의 안전을 위하여 도방을 설치했고 최우 시대에는 그의 문객들을 모아 사병들뿐만 아니라 정방, 서방, 등의 문신을 거느려 인사행정을 담당케 했다. 몽고에 항쟁하던 시대에는 무신통치의 군사적 기반이었던 삼별초를 중심으로 항쟁했다. 최씨 정권시대의 그들 나름의 국가관과 국가 호위의 정신을 알 수 있다.