• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.32 no.3
• /
• pp.993-999
• /
• 2011

The photoreactive prepolymers with multifunctional cinnamate and bisphenol Atype cinnamate groups that could perform photodimerization without photoinitiators were synthesized by the reaction of t-cinnamic acids (CAs) and epoxy resins. Their photocure reaction rates and the extent of reaction conversion were measured with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and these increased with the intensity of UVirradiation. The experimental data of these reaction rates showed the characteristics of nth-order kinetics reaction, and all kinetic constants of each photoreactive polymer with this equation were summarized. Although the GTR-1800-HCA and KWG1-EP-HCA with hydroxyl group substituted cinnamate showed lower reaction conversion rates and rate constant than GTR-1800-CA and KWG1-EP-CAwith an unsubstituted cinnamate group, GTR-1800-MCAand KWG1-EP-MCAwith methoxy group substituted cinnamate showed similar and higher reaction conversion rates than the former, respectively. These results were explained in terms of segmental mobility for photopolymerization by molecular interactions.

• BMB Reports
• /
• v.28 no.6
• /
• pp.490-493
• /
• 1995

We investigated the effect of hydrogen peroxide-treated metallothionein on the hepatic xanthine oxidase activity in vitro. When the metallothionein was preincubated with 1 mM of hydrogen peroxide, the activity of xanthine oxidase and type conversion were elevated dose-dependently by the addition of metallothionein into the reaction mixture. While increasing the treatment of hydrogen peroxide to the $50{\mu}g$of metallothionein, the xanthine oxidase activity and type conversion ratio were remarkably elevated dose dependently compared to the control. When cadmium ion was added to the reaction mixture, the increasing pattern of the enzyme activity was similar to the effect of hydrogen peroxide-treated metallothionein. DTT or penicillamine restored the increasing activity and type conversion of xanthine oxidase by the cadmium ion to the control level.

• Health Policy and Management
• /
• v.20 no.2
• /
• pp.40-52
• /
• 2010

Health insurance fees are set by relative value scales and conversion factors. Since 2008 the conversion factor has been classified into 7 according to the provider type, and a separate contract has been made respectively. As such classification of the conversion factor reflects only the different characteristics of providers, however, further classification to reflect the different cost structures of providers is proposed. Cost varies according to the type of not only providers but also services each provider supply. In fact different cost structures of providers are the result of their different services. This study analyzed the cost structure of medical services to propose a new approach to the classification of the conversion factor. This study analyzed the cost structure of medical services using cost data constructed in the revision study of relative value scales. The cost data consist of doctor's fee, support staff's fee, cost of medical equipments, cost of medical supplies and indirect cost. The proportion of each cost component to the total cost was analyzed in terms of service department and service type. 72 service groups are defined in terms of the combination of service department and service type. Through cluster analysis, 72 service groups were reduced into 7 clusters each of which has a similar cost structure. Conversion factor is contracted annually to reflect the change in the cost of providing medical services. So the classification of conversion factor has to be based on the cost structures of medical services, not the characteristics of providers. Service clusters derived in this study can be used as a new classification for health insurance fee contract.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
• /
• v.19 no.6
• /
• pp.40-46
• /
• 2015

Stoichiometric combustion engine with Three-way catalyst had an advantage that can reduce the harmful emissions effectively. Fuel equivalence ratio controlled from engine is very important because Fuel equivalence ratio with high conversion efficiency was narrow. This study analyzed the conversion efficiency under whole range of operating area for to evaluate the performance of three-way catalyst. In order to identify the Optimum conversion efficiency, the conversion efficiency due to change the control value of fuel equivalence ratio was investigated. The result show that conversion efficiency of emissions(more than 95%) has discovered by means of fuel equivalence ratio control at each test condition. As engine power increases, optimal fuel equivalence ratio tended to increase linearly under operating conditions of similar exhaust gas temperature.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
• /
• v.47 no.4
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 2010

This paper proposes a new frame rate up-conversion method. First, the proposed triple frame-based bidirectional motion estimation method reduce block artifacts in the interpolated frame by solving the wrong motion estimation in the area with similar characteristics. Second, the proposed motion vector smoothing reduces outliers, which result in block artifacts, considering the spatio-temporal neighboring motion vectors. In the experiments, the proposed frame rate up-conversion method improves the average PSNR and SSIM by up to 4.337 dB and 0.089, respectively, compared to the existing methods.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
• /
• v.9 no.2
• /
• pp.160-167
• /
• 1993

As the major methanol fueled vehicle exhaust components, formaldehyde & methanol conversion over the existing commercial 3-way catalyst was examined in a labolatory tains different Ag loadings on commercial 3-way catalyst, and german commercial catalysts for methanol engine exhaust manufactured by a commercial manufacturer. Silver catalysts were prepared by the wet impregnation of silver nitrate solution on commercial 3-way catalyst. These catalysts were characterized with BET Surface area and pore size distribution. In general, the formaldehyde(HCHO) conversion of the tested catalysts was similar to that of methanol$(CH_3OH)$. At 100$^\circ$C, which is equivalent to the cold start condition, 5wt% Ag cat. showed the most excellent HCHO and $CH_3OH$ conversion. The order of activity for conversion of HCHO & $CH_3OH$ to carbon dioxide and water vapor was as follows ; 5wt% Ag/3-way cat.>2wt% Ag/3-way cat.>german cat. front(1) > german cat. rear(2) > 10wt% Ag/3-way cat.> commercial 3-wat catalyst. However there was no significant activity difference between those tested catalysts in the hot run condition of 400$^\circ$C. Therefore, it could be concluded that the Ag-modified 3-way catalyst was the most effective and practical catalyst system which could be capable of removal the HCHO and methanol at the special condition of low temperature such as cold start condition.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.117-125
• /
• 1999

The alkylation benzene with 1-dodecene of Mordenite, Zeolite ${\beta}$ and Zeolite Y was studied in the stirring batch reactor. The kinds of zeolites were found to have influenced the reaction conversion and distribution of phenyldodecane isomer in the product. Compared to the alkylation conducted over Zeolite Y and Zeolite ${\beta}$, the alkylation over Mordenite exhibited higher distribution of 2-phenyldodecane and the alkylation conducted over Zeolite Y and Mordenite, the alkylation over Zeolite ${\beta}$ exhibited higher distribution of heavy alkylate which formed through oligomerization reaction readily deactivated the Lewis acid sites. A special feature of the effect of the benzene to 1-dodecene ratio the reaction conversion and selectivity of phenyldodecane isomer was found. At alkylation of benzene with 1-dodecene over Zeolite ${\beta}$, when the catalyst content in the system was high, the reaction will reach the optimal conversion at the higher B/D. When the benzene to 1-dodecene ratio was high, the selectivity of phenyldodecane isomer is high. It was also found that at the similar reaction conversion there was the same product distribution regardless of D/C ratio.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
• /
• v.31 no.4B
• /
• pp.315-322
• /
• 2011

This study reviewed the Weiss model, probably the only theoretical study available on the fixed- to true-interval rainfall conversion factor (CF), and implemented to propose a modified Weiss model. Also, the characteristics of the temporal distribution of rainfall were considered in the estimation of CF to overcome the problem of these two models, whose results were compared with those estimated empirically. As results, the CF was found to be differently estimated depending on the temporal distribution of rainfall. Especially, the theoretical CF estimate for the center-concentrated rainfall distribution was found to be very similar to that of empirical results of domestic and foreign studies.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.289-300
• /
• 2014

Cloud computing helps users to save a significant amount of cost that is related to infrastructure investment, management, and maintenance. In this paper, we study the conversion planning from campus legacy web servers into an integrated cloud computing web server system. We also analyze the conversion profit when campus web servers are integrated into a cloud computer. We first investigate the cost of legacy system model of campus web servers operated by individual laboratories, departments, institutes and so on. Next, we set up a cloud computer model for the integrated web services meeting the same performance requirements. Then, we derive the conversion profit. From the result of the derivation, we see that the conversion can be effectively applied to and adopted by mid or large sized campuses and similar institutions that provide web services.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
• /
• 2003.10a
• /
• pp.500-503
• /
• 2003

XML been using extensively by standard of data exchanging in the Internet is observed by a technology to replace existent document creation language of HTML etc. Biggest characteristic of this XML is that logic information and physical information that express style of document that do that express structural substance of document were detached. Hereupon, W3C advised XSL that oner style function of form similar to HTML for XML's style and data conversion. Also, XSL's conversion function offers function that change XML document to other data format, and can describe style information through conversion of various document format. But, a XML document conversion technology that use XSLT know-how in domestic is unprepared real condition, and necessity about solution that can edit XSLT document efficiently is putting. This paper does XML document so that conversion and output are available in various document format. And offered research of XSLT document editing system that can edit and create XSLT document efficiently under WYSIWYG environment.