• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.343-348
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• 2006

The object of this experiment is to recover precious metals from plating rinsed wastewater generated from Lead Frame manufacturing process using electrolysis coupled hybrid process. This was achieved from Amberlite IRA 400 at 1.15 V electrolysis potential using the oxide electrode and at 1.30 V using the Al electrode and from Amberlite IRA 402 at 1.10 V using the oxide electrode and at 1.20 V using the Al electrode. During the first 10~30 min of the process, 90~95% of the silver can be recovered.

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.12-16
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• 2012

Although silver is used for T-OLED (Top emitting organic Light-Emitting Diode) as reflective anode, it is not an ideal material due to its low work function. Thus, we study the effect of annealing and atmospheric pressure plasma treatment on Ag film that increases its work function by forming the thin silver oxide layer on its surface. In this study, we deposited silver on glass substrate using RF sputtering. Then we treated the Ag samples annealing at $300^{\circ}C$ for 30 minutes in atmosphere or treating the atmospheric plasma treatment for 30, 60, 90, 120s, respectively. We measured the change of the mechanical properties and the potential value of surface with each one at a different treatment type and time. We used nano-indenter system and KPFM (Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy). KPFM method can be measured the change of surface potential. The nanoindenter results showed that the plasma treatment samples for 30s, 120s had very low elastic modulus, hardness and Weibull modulus. However, annealed sample and plasma treated samples for 60s and 90s had better mechanical properties. Therefore, plasma treatment increases the uniformity thin film and the surface potential that is very effective for the performace of T-OLED.

• Current Photovoltaic Research
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.75-83
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• 2021

The tunnel oxide passivated contact (TOPCon) structure got more consideration for development of high performance solar cells by the introduction of a tunnel oxide layer between the substrate and poly-Si is best for attaining interface passivation. The quality of passivation of the tunnel oxide layer clearly depends on the bond of SiO in the tunnel oxide layer, which is affected by the subsequent annealing and the tunnel oxide layer was formed in the suboxide region (SiO, Si₂O, Si₂O₃) at the interface with the substrate. In the suboxide region, an oxygen-rich bond is formed as a result of subsequent annealing that also improves the quality of passivation. To control the surface morphology, annealing profile, and acceleration rate, an oxide tunnel junction structure with a passivation characteristic of 700 mV or more (V_oc) on a p-type wafer could achieved. The quality of passivation of samples subjected to RTP annealing at temperatures above 900℃ declined rapidly. To improve the quality of passivation of the tunnel oxide layer, the physical properties and thermal stability of the thin layer must be considered. TOPCon silicon solar cell has a boron diffused front emitter, a tunnel-SiO_x/n⁺-poly-Si/SiN_x:H structure at the rear side, and screen-printed electrodes on both sides. The saturation currents J_o of this structure on polished surface is 1.3 fA/cm² and for textured silicon surfaces is 3.7 fA/cm² before printing the silver contacts. After printing the Ag contacts, the J_o of this structure increases to 50.7 fA/cm² on textured silicon surfaces, which is still manageably less for metal contacts. This structure was applied to TOPCon solar cells, resulting in a median efficiency of 23.91%, and a highest efficiency of 24.58%, independently. The conversion efficiency of interdigitated back-contact solar cells has reached up to 26% by enhancing the optoelectrical properties for both-sides-contacted of the cells.

• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.139-142
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• 2016

β-AgVO₃ nanorods have been successfully synthesized using a soft chemistry route followed by heat treatment. They were characterized by X-ray diffraction and field emission scanning electron microscopy, and their electrochemical properties were investigated using cyclic voltammetry, impedance spectra, and charge-discharge tests. The results showed that the smooth-surfaced nanorods are very uniform and well dispersed, with diameters of ~100-200 nm and lengths of the order of several macrometers. The nanorods deliver a maximum specific discharge capacity of 275 mAh g^-1 at 30 mA g^-1. They also demonstrated good rate capability with a discharge capacity at the 100^th cycle of 51 mAh g^-1.

• Proceedings of the Materials Research Society of Korea Conference
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• 2003.03a
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• pp.49-49
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• 2003

Nanometer sized zinc oxide (ZnO) powder was synthesized by a novel "solution-combustion method" and its photocatalytic activity was evaluated with the recovery of Ag from a used photofilm developing solution. Different parameters affecting the reaction rates like wavelength of the W light used, reaction temperature, mass of the used photocatalyst, and effect of scavenger were tested. The optimum parameters were found as follows. UV wavelength of less than 385nm, reaction temperature between 40- 60 $^{\circ}C$, photocatalyst concentration of 3-6 g/1, and scavenger concentration of 0.3-0.4 g/1.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.366-369
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• 2003

High T$_{c}$ superconducting lines will be applied as key materials in the areas of power transmission line; magnetic levitation of vehicle; magnetic separation; magnetic energy storage and marine propulsion. A combination method of electrophoresis deposition and zone-melting for preparation of YBaCuO tape is proposed. The submicron particle powder of YBaCuO made by sol-gel method is used in the electrophoresis process. A 40~50${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ thickness of YBaCuO film on Ag plate could be deposited in about three minutes. After deposition the film is rolled and heat treated in order to increase the density and the adhesion of the film to the Ag plate. Silver(Ag) and lead oxide(PbO) were added in the YBaCuO powder in order to reduce its melting point. The YBaCuO coating with controlled Ag and PbO contents was preliminarily zone-melted at about 945$^{\circ}C$.>.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.415-421
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• 2009

Esterification reaction between succinic acid[SA] and 1,4-butanediol [BD} was kinetically investigated in the presence of organic metal catalysts (alkyl-silver oxide(ASO),CAT 100E) at $150{\sim}190^{\circ}C$. The reaction rates measured by the amount of distilled water from the reaction vessel. The esterification reaction was carried out under the first order kinetics with respect to the concentration of reactants and catalyst, respectively. The overall reaction order was 2nd. From the examination of relationship between apparent reaction rate constants and reciprocal absolute temperature, the activation energy has been calculate as 146.70 kJ/mol with ASO catalyst and 43.04 kJ/mol with CAT 100E catalyst.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2014.02a
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• pp.467.2-467.2
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• 2014

유기태양전지는 친환경 에너지 소스로써 저가 대량 생산이 가능하고 특히 유연한 기판에 적용이 가능하여 많은 관심을 받고 있다. 그럼에도 불구하고 기존에 사용되는 indium tin oxide (ITO)의 사용으로 인한 유연성 부족으로 대체되는 투명전극의 개발이 요구되어지고 있다. 이로 인해 carbon nanotubes, graphene, thin metals, metal grids, and conducting polymers 등이 연구되고 있으며, 이중 Silver nanowires (Ag NWs)를 이용한 방식도 많은 관심과 함께 전기광학적 특성에 대한 연구가 진행되고 있다. 하지만 유기전자소자에 사용되기에는 몇 가지 문제점이 발생하는데 이를 해결하기 위한 노력이 다양하게 이루어지고 있다. 특히 다양한 물질의 혼합을 통해 개선하고자 하는 노력이 증가하고 있는데 적층구조의 전도성필름 형성을 통해 ITO-free OPVs에서 Ag nanowire를 transparent conductive electrodes로 활용하였다. Ag NWs층과 PEDOT:PSS layer의 복합화를 통해 저가의 ITO-free OPVs용 transparent anodes가 가능해졌다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society for Energy Engineering kosee Conference
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• 1994.05a
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• pp.114-117
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• 1994

아연-산화은 전지는 높은 에너지 및 전력밀도를 가지고 있으나 비싼 제작비용 때문에 우주항공, 군사무기 등 특수한 분야에서 주로 이용되며, 특히 전해액이 별도의 용기에 보관되어 있다가 외부 신호에 의해 충전된 dry상태의 전지에 주입되어 활성화되는 1차 또는 비축형 아연산화은 전지는 우수한 고율방전 특성, 장시간의 저장기간 및 활성화와 동시에 부하를 인가 할 수 있는 특성 때문에 많은 무기체계에서 이용하고 있다. 이러한 아연-산화은 전지의 아연전극은 높은 다공도와 반응 면적을 가져야 하며, 특히 방전중 아연전극의 전위는 가역 수소전위 보다 더 음전위이기 때문에 수소가스가 다량 발생하게 되므로 수은과 같은 높은 과전압을 갖는 물질을 첨가하여 가스 발생량을 줄이고 부동태화(passivation)를 억제하게 된다. 그러나 국내 여건상 수은을 사용하여 전지를 제작하는 것은 환경문제 등으로 인하여 어렵기 때문에 본 연구에서는 수은을 사용하지 않고 비축형 아연-산화은 전지의 음극판을 제작하기 위하여 전착법(electro deposit)과 mesh 제작방법을 혼합하여 아연전극을 제작하였으며, 기판에 석출된 아연과 아연 mesh의 질량비율에 따른 전지의 성능을 평가하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 1996.11a
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• pp.295-299
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• 1996

In order to investigate the relation between the microstructure and the V-I characteristics of HTSC wire, single and 19 filamentary silver-sheathed Bi2223 tapes were fabricated using the powder-in-tube method. Higher J$\_$c/ at 77.3 K(0 T) and 4.2 K(in magnetic field) can be achieved for the 19 filamentary Bi tape, comparing the single filamentary tape. However, the I$\_$c/ distribution of 19 filamentary Bi2223 tape was found to be wider by analyzing the curve obtained from 2nd differential of V-I data. This was considered to be resulted from worse uniformity of oxide filament due to severe cold working.