• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.81-87
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• 2004

In order to investigate the effects of supplementary nutrients on silkworms, Bombyx mori, an experiment was conducted with ascorbic acid treatments. Dietary supplements of ascorbic acid 1, 2 and 3% were fed to silkworm larvae through 1st to 5th instar, The larvae were fed by mulberry loaves of Kokoso variety and the supplementary loaves were used once a day. These treatments resulted in a significant increase of biological parameters such as larval weight, the rate of food consumption and the approximate digestibility of the food. But the economical parameters such as cocoon weight and cocoon shell weight didnt show considerable difference compared to control. Dietary supplement of 2% ascorbic acid increased the larval weight by 7.8% and reached to 1.065g, which had the highest weight increase in the fourth day of 4th instar larvae. The percentage of daily weight increase in this group of larvae (79.01%) had significant difference compared with other treatments. The nutritional efficiency index in this group of larvae was better than others. Also the abundance of biochemical macromolecules such as glucose, cholesterol, triacylglycerol and urea in haemolymph of larvae fed by 2% ascorbic acid increased to become 29.75 (mg/㎗), 24 (mg/㎗), 75.4(mg/㎗) and 32.1(mg/㎗) respectively. But protein contents of haemolymph of larvae in each treatment were not significantly different. Since all the results achieved were not considerable either statistically or economically, this method could not be recommended to improve the sericultural parameters.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.262-265
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• 2017

Bombyx mori (silkworm pupae) is a unique and biologically significant insect, which is a recognized source of high quality protein that provides all the essential amino acids required for human health. Recently, many studies have focused on various biomedical applications of B. mori proteins. The purpose of this study was to manufacture protein-fortified kefir containing different concentrations of B. mori powder according to pH and sensory evaluations. The value of the protein-fortified kefir increased but the pH decreased with increasing incubation time, indicating that the amount of B. mori powder did not affect and pH. Addition of B. mori powder also did not affect the sensory properties of overall acceptability, texture, and color compared to control group without addition of B. mori powder. However, flavor and taste were affected by increasing the amounts of B. mori powder, with a significant difference in both flavor and taste between the control and treated groups (both p<0.05). There was no significant difference in overall acceptability, texture, and color. Further studies are needed for producing kefir as a dietary supplement utilizing the functional properties of B. mori.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.1-15
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• 2004

Due to recent scientific innovations in mulberry cultivation, leaf yield has been increased manifold. However, with successive leaf harvest, a quantum drop in leaf yield and quality has been noted. This inturn has affected the silkworm rearing and farmers suffered by the frequent crop failures. This is mainly due to nutrient deficiencies in mulberry leaf. Moreover, no complete information is available about hunger signs of nutritional disorders, analytical diagnosis and critical levels of nutrients required. The present paper, thus, may serve as an important nutrient guide for identification of hunger signs, leaf nutrients status under deficiency and critical levels of the elements namely N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn requirements for higher leaf yield and quality. The leaf nutrient status provided may help chemist for correcting the soil status. Besides, an integration of mulberry intercropping with legumes and applications of neem and castor oil cakes, VA-mycorrhizal inoculation, biofertilizer and vermicompost are suggested as integrated nutrient management for sustainable sericulture industry. Based on the information described in this paper, a model needs to be framed for maintaining continuous supply of nutrients to obtain desired quantity and quality of mulberry leaf for successful silkworm cocoon crop and increasing overall silk productivity.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.65-74
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• 1979

In order to observe the contents of some essential amino acids in Korean foods, total and free tryptophan, and available lysine in fifty kinds of Korean foods were analyzed by the sfectrophotometry. The results obtained are summarized as follows : 1) The tryptophan contents per 100g of soybean, wet green laver and skim milk were over 250 mg, and the contents Per g nitrogen in ginger, dried persimmon and chestnut were over 150 mg. 2) The free tryptophan contents per 100 g of soybean, small red bean, dried persimmon, ginseng stem were over 100 mg, ana the contents per g nitrogen in dried persimmon was over 150 mg. 3) The available lysine contents Per 100g of soybean, wet green laver and skim milk, fish(auchovy), dried yeast, casein and silkworm pupa were over 1000 mg, and the contents per g nitrogen in potato, perilla(wild sesame), red pepper, sausage and skim milk were over 300mg. 4) The contents of tryptophan and available lysine in soybean, green laver and skim milk were higher than in other samples. 5) In general, the contents of tryptophan and available lysine were abundant in seaweeds.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.289-297
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• 2017

The objective of this study was to identify and compare the anti-diabetic effects of mulberry leave (ML), silkworm (SK), mulberry fruit (MF), and Cudrania tricuspidata BUREAU (CT) extracts in high fat diet (HFD)-induced obese and diabetic mice. C57BL/6N mice were assigned to six groups: normal diet (ND, n=7), HFD (n=10), HFD with 5% ML powder (ML, n=10), HFD with 2% SK powder (SK, n=10), HFD with 5% MF powder (MF, n=10), and HFD with 5% CT powder (CT, n=10). Mice were fed their assigned diet for 14 weeks. ML group showed significant reduction in levels of plasma glucose and insulin compared with the HFD group. Plasma total cholesterol (T-C) was significantly reduced by ML and SK compared with the HFD group. Plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and HTR (HDL-C to T-C ratio) levels of the ML, SK, MF, and CT groups were significantly elevated compared to the HFD group. Moreover, concentrations of hepatic T-C and triglycerides in the ML, SK, MF, and CT groups were significantly reduced in comparison to the HFD group. Levels of pAKT, pS6K, and pAMPK significantly increased in the ML group compared with the HFD group. Taken together, ML appears to be the most potent anti-diabetic and anti-dyslipidemic substance among sericultural products. ML could be developed as a potential agent for diabetes and its complication management.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.141-149
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• 1975

Silkworm is known to be damaged under the unfavorable environmental conditions. Recently, it has been often argued that nicotine is a main factor to affect the silkworm nutritional balance and to result in decrease of quantitative characters, and unbalance of larval nutrition. Especially in spring season, there is tendency to produce nicotine damage to silkworm fed with the mulberry leaf near to tobacco field early cultivated in mulching system. In these connections, the trial was made in the different pots placing by the different distance 10rn, 20m, 40m, and 60m in the direction of east-north from the tobacco field. Location of pot near to the tobacco fold is 40m below the tobacco Held and gradually higher than the tobacco field by 10 degree of slope. In addition, when the mulberry field is divided into two areas from the east-south to west-north, southern east zone is lowering down below 10 degree of slope and has 36％ of east-south wind, 21％ of south-east wind and 16％ of south wind, etc. Pots are left on the mulberry field from the completion of lower part leaf harvest to just before upper part leaf harvest is completed for 32 days. Then silkworm at 4th-5th stage was fed with the leaf grown during the period and larval characters are statistically analyzed. The results are summarized as follows： 1. 10-40m distant pot statistically at the same level has the longest larval duration and 60m distant pot is. not significant at 5％ level. Whole larval duration has same tendency as in the 5th larval duration. 2. Percentage of delayed molting larvae at the 5th stage is increased in 10m distant pot and there is no significance statistically in other pots, as compared with that of control. 3. It is not showed that there is no damage to mortality of the old larvae in 60m distant pot. 4. 10-20m distant pot produces a low pupation and others are at the same level statistically at 5％ significance, 5. It is showed that nicotine damage is occurred in single cocoon freight and cocoon shell weight up to 60m distant pot, rather higher damage in cocoon shell weight than in single cocoon weight. 6. It is showed that cocoon yield from 10, 000 molted larvae including double cocoon is decreased up to 40m distant pot far from the tobacco field in which 40％ of cocoon yield in 10m distant pot by 7kg, 26％ of cocoon yield in 20m distant pot by 3.9kg, 24％ of cocoon yield in 40m distant pot by 3.6kg, and 12％ of cocoon yield in 60m distant pot by 1.8kg, as compared with control. However, there is no significance statistically at 5％ level in 60m distant pot. With these above results, it is concluded that nicotine da mage could be occurred in cocoon yield and cocoon quality up to 60m distant far from the tobacco field.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.19-24
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• 2005

Nutrition is very essential for growth, development and reproduction. The quantitative impetus of nutritional factor on adult characters and reproductive fitness was studied in Antheraea mylitta by providing fresh leaves of Terminalia tomentosa for 1 to 4 times a day to $5^{th}$ instar larvae. All the characters have improved on giving fresh diet more times over the single diet. The adult weight has strong effect on the reproductive potential i.e., female pupa and moth weight, survivability, pupation rate, emergence percentage, fecundity, fertility, egg weight and hatched out larval weight. The improvement recorded to the tune of $70\%,\;77.1\%,\;115.4\%,\;36.7\%,\;45.9\%\;and\;218.3\%$ in larval weight gain, survivability, pupation rate, female pupa weight, moth weight and fecundity respectively when fresh diets were provided 4 times a day against single diet. The adult emergence percentage has increased from $66.4\%\;to\;96.2\%$ and fertility rose from $52.2\%\;to\;93.6\%$. The weight of eggs and the larvae hatched out of it also found to be significantly higher in 4 diets a day condition. The study revealed that optimization of fresh diet frequency should be maintained to obtain higher egg production and fertility in order to get vigorous larvae to continue the generation.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.496-499
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• 1996

In order to develop the functional diet food, characteristics of chitosan and silk fibroin composite was designed. Chitosan extracted from a prawn and silk fibroin was prepared from silkworm. The silk fibroin was dissolved rapidly in the 8M LiBr at a temperature of more than 4$0^{\circ}C$. Amino acid composition of fibroin composite revealed the same pattern that of native silk fibroin and regenerated silk fibroin. Predominant amino acid of chitosan-fibroin composite contained glycine, alanine, serine, tyrosine, threonine, and glutamic acid in order. According to the basis on the infrared spectrum, chitosan-silk fibroin composite is not distinguished differents composite ratio of chitosan and silk fibroin.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.88-93
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• 2022

In this study, silkworms fed Cudrania tricuspidata leaves were powdered, and hydrolytic enzymes, including viscozyme, papain, and flavourzyme, were added to verify the functionality of the different mixtures. In the general component analysis, the C. tricuspidata silkworm (CS) group exhibited higher crude protein and ash content than did the other groups, and the enzyme-treated groups exhibited higher carbohydrate content than the CS group. The DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities were significantly higher in the CS treated with viscozyme (CSV) and the CS treated with viscozyme/flavourzyme (CSVF) than in the other groups, with the CSV group showing the highest reducing power. ACE inhibitory activity was significantly higher in the CS treated with visocozyme/papain (CSVP) than in the CS group. In conclusion, rather than using powdered silkworms fed C. tricuspidata leaves, it would be more effective to use hydrolysates from C. tricuspidata silkworms as raw materials for functional foods.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.15-28
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• 2004

The supplementation of mulberry leaves, with the aim of yield, enhancement using vitamins, minerals and other compounds have generally been attended from 1990s and many researches have been conducted. More than 30 different compounds from complementary nutrients have been analyzed and in different regions where different climates various results have been achieved. This review has attempted to discuss the results of different works on enrichment of mulberry leaves with supplementary compound. Generally the most effects of these compounds are in the regions where productive parameters are low. In the areas that follow a normal pattern in economical parameters the enrichment of the leaves havent have significant economical effects.