• 한국잠사곤충학회지
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• 제53권2호
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• pp.92-96
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• 2015

본 연구는 장려 품종 누에고치로부터 실크 세리신과 실크 피브로인으로 분리하여 이들 단백질을 세포 첨가제로 개발하기 위하여 수행되었다. 장려품종 누에고치를 고온 고압기를 통하여 실크 세리신을 먼저 추출하였으며, 남겨진 실크 피브로인을 이용하여 시간별로 용해하여 품종별 실크 피브로인을 얻었다. 이들 실크 세리신과 실크 피브로인을 이용하여 세포 독성, 세포 증식 및 분열 관련 유전자 발현 분석을 확인하였다. 먼저, 누에고치의 특성을 분석하기 위하여 공극률을 측정하였다. 공극률은 금옥잠 누에고치의 경우 84.71%, 대성잠 81.58%, 백옥잠 73.23%의 공극률 값이 나타났다. 분자량 차이에 있어서 실크 세리신은 품종의 영향이 크지 않았으나 실크 피브로인의 경우, 금옥잠은 5시간의 장시간의 용해에도 불구하고 100 kDa 이상의 큰 분자량을 나타내었다. 장려품종 누에를 사용하여 제조된 실크 세리신과 실크 피브로인을 이용하여 세포 증식 실험을 하였으며 백옥잠으로부터 얻은 실크 세리신의 경우 농도에 따라 유의적으로 세포 증식 효과가 나타났으며, 금옥잠으로부터 얻은 실크 피브로인의 경우 5시간 용해 시 세포 증식에 있어서 가장 우수한 결과를 보였다. 또한, 백옥잠 실크 세리신 처리 결과 세포 증식 관련 유전자의 발현수준이 증가됨을 확인할 수 있었다.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.249-253
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• 2009

Raily ecorace of Indian tasar silkworm is wild in nature and distributed abundantly in dense deciduous forest on Shorea robusta (Sal) in Bastar ($17^{\circ}4'$ and $20^{\circ}34'$ N, $80^{\circ}15'$ and $82^{\circ}15'$ E and altitude ranging from 150 to 1200 mMSL) forest ranges of Chhattisgarh, India. It is represented by about 20 populations. Out of those, eleven populations showed intra- as well as inter- population variability based on phenotypic expression and also in major economic traits viz. cocoon weight, shell weight, filament length and denier. Genetic diversity in these eleven populations was studied using Inter-Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) markers. The band profiles generated with eight ISSR primers have depicted variation in band size. All the primers exhibited polymorphism which is an indicative of the genetic variation in individual Raily silkworm. Among the populations, total polymorphism recorded was 76%. The population genetic aspects assessed through POPGENE software package are discussed in the paper. Nei's gene diversity (h) ranged from 0.194 to 0.337 exhibiting high heterozygosity. Relevance of the present study is of high significance in formulating conservation strategies and sustainable utilization of the economically important Raily ecorace of Antheraea mylitta.

• 한국잠사곤충학회지
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• 제9권
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• pp.27-34
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• 1969

본시험은 G8과 Urea를 상엽에 복합처리하였을 때 상수의 발육 및 처리상엽을 결여한 잠아의 실용형질에 미치는 영향과 GB를 단일처리한 상엽을 결여하였을때 잠아의 실용형질을 구명하기 위하여 실시한 결과 다음과 같은 성과을 얻었다. 1. 상수 가. 춘잠기에는 GB+Urea를 복합처리한 것이 주당 엽중이 가장 무거웠으며 무처리구에 비하여 수엽량이 7％ 증수되 었다. 나. 추잠기에는 GB와 Urea를 각각 단일처리한 것과 GB＋Urea를 복합처리한 것이 무처리구보다 지조장, 엽장 및 엽폭이 컸으며 수량도 많았다. 그러나 GB을 단일처리한 것이 지조장 1.000m 당의 엽량이 가장 적었다. 다. 각처리별 상엽의 성분에 있어서는 GB과 Urea를 복합처리한 것이 GB+Urea를 복합처리한 것에 무처리구보다 수분과 조단백질이 약간 많았으나 건물과 탄수화물은 약간 적었다. 2. 춘잠기 잠아성장 가. 감잠비율에 있어서는 4,5령구 공히 GB+Urea 복합처리구가 높았고 화용비율은 4령구에서 다른 처리구 보다 적었다. 나. 기잠대 1 만두수잠량은 4,5령구 공히 복합처리구에 큰 차는 없었으나 GB단일처리구가 다른 처리구 보다 약산 많은 경향이었다. 다. 견증비율은 각처리구간에 유의차는 없었으나 4령구가 5령구에 비하여 약간 높았다. 3. 추잠기 잠아성장 가. 감잠비율은 무처리구와 Urea를 단일처리한것이 GB+Urea 복합처리한것과 GB를 단일처리한 것보다 낮았다. 나. 화용비율에 있어서는 Urea를 단일처리가 GB+Urea 복합처리한 것보다 높았으며 다른 처리간에는 유의차 가 없었다. 다. 대 4령구잠 1만두수견량은 Urea 처리구가 무처리구. GB+Urea 복합처리구, GB 단일처리구 보다 많았다. 라. 견증비율을 각처리간에 유의차가 없었다.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2009

Quality of seed in the mulberry silkworm, Bombyx mori (L.) is determined by many important factors, wherein unfertilized eggs play an important role. Unfertilization of eggs are caused by several reasons such as, abnormality in the sexual organs of the male and female, abnormal development of the micropylar end of the egg, unfavorable environmental conditions during spinning, cocoon preservation, imperfect handling of moths, mating, ovipostion, cold storing of pupae / moths and indiscriminate use of male moths etc. Though the presence of unfertilized eggs would in no way affect the fertilized ones and their quality directly, the frequency of their occurrence underrates the quality and brings down the hatching percentage. Lower the occurrence of unfertilized eggs, higher is the rating of seed quality. Of the various intrinsic and extrinsic factors and events involved in egg deposition of an adult silk moth, mating is an instinct and a biological obligation for the ultimate perpetuation of the species and a must to provide stimulus for oogenesis and bring about biochemical changes in the spermatophore of the silkworm in order to ensure the presence of sufficient number of normal sperms and testicular fluid in the female reproductive organ, activating ovulation and accelerating oviposition behavior and egg deposition. An attempt has been made in this article to briefly elucidate the characteristics of unfertilized eggs, causes of their occurrence and its impact as well as the significance in silkworm seed production.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.31-37
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• 2019

Silkworm larval mortality specifically during spinning stage leading to non-spinning with specific morphological symptoms was frequently complained by sericulturists in Karnataka, India during 2015. Survey was conducted and information collected through questionnaire from the identified farmers who faced the problem of non-spinning in both traditional and non-traditional areas of Karnataka. Survey results indicate that the problem is specific to the silkworm crop of those farmers' who shifted from other crops of agriculture/ horticulture/olericulture/ floriculture to Sericulture. Silkworm rearing performance of the batches fed with these leaves confirmed that the pesticide sprayed to the crops previous to mulberry, remain in the soil and when mulberry plantation is taken up in these gardens, the pesticide is absorbed by the roots of mulberry plants and transported to the leaves. Silkworms that feed on these mulberry leaves, grow and ripen normally but during spinning stage, larvae die with external symptoms like regurgitation, body shrinkage, rectal protrusion later become hook shaped leading to non-spinning or partial metamorphosis into pupa and death or spin flimsy cocoons. Larval mortality ranged from a minimum of twenty five percent to a maximum of hundred percent. The problem was noticed from the first harvest of leaves and lasted for a maximum period of 36 months. Cocoon crop loss depends on the concentration, duration and type of pesticides used previously for other crops.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.126-130
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• 2022

The silkworm is a food material that can simultaneously ingest phytochemicals from mulberry leaves, proteins with essential amino acids, and fatty acids. They are known to have hypoglycemic properties; however, further functional investigation is needed. In this study, four varieties of 3^rd day of fifth instar silkworm with different cocoon colors, namely Baegokjam (BG), Goldensilk (GS), Yeonnokjam (YN), and Juhwangjam (JH), were compared in terms of antioxidant properties and cholesterol-lowering effect. JH, which had the highest polyphenol content (+38% vs. GS, p<0.05) showed high antioxidant efficacy. Treatment with JH also resulted in the lowest cholesterol biosynthesis enzyme activity (28% vs. control, p<0.05). In the animal study, high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice that were orally administered JH extract for 12 weeks showed lower body weight gain (-10.4% vs. HFD, p<0.05) and serum total cholesterol levels (-12.7% vs. HFD, p<0.05). Comparing the varieties, JH had the highest effect. In future studies, analysis of the active ingredients according to their variety should be done.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.93-100
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• 2002

Cocoon production, which is a representative of traditional sericulture shifted into silkworm powder production in the spring of 1995. This, infect, signifies the change from the dress-centered textile business to the bio-industry and the functional resource industry. One of the most outstanding shifting is utilization of silkworm larvae for anti-diabetic agent. In Asian countries including Korea, silkworm powder derived from the domestic silkworm (Bombyx mori L.) has long been favored for anti-diabetic agent, but its efficacy was not tested until last decade by modern scientific methods. In this article, we reviewed the major researches on the silkworm powder as a blood glucose-lowering substance. After the beginning test of the efficacy of silkworm powder by a cooperative research between Department of Sericulture and Entomlogy, NIAST, RDA and Kyung Hee University, substantial data have been accumulated so far, In a serial experiment to select best condition, the fifth instar larvae prepared by freeze dry method turned out to have the best blood glucose-lowering effect. In the pharmacological experiment to understand the mechanism of silkworm powder in small intestine, the silkworm powder turned out to inhibit the activity of ${\alpha}$-glucosidase, by competitively binding to $\alpha$-type disaccharides. The animal experiment showed that the extract of silkworm powder prevents a rapid increase of blood glucose level after meal and prevents hunger and law blood glucose level during empty stomach. In the experiment to isolate the major component of silkworm powder, which exerts blood glucose-lowering effect, 1-deoxynojirimy-cin (DNJ) was eventually mass-purified, and it turned out that DNJ isolated from silkworm powder was excellent in its blood glucose-lowering effect. In the experiment to understand the personal difference of the efficacy of the silkworm powder, clinical candidates were divided on the basis of the criterion of traditional Chinese medicine: Tae-Yang, Tae-Um, So-yang, and So-Um. The result showed that silkworm powder has a tendency to reduce blood glucose level at fasting and at 2 hours after meal, and this trend was somewhat obvious in the Tae-Um body type. In summary, we reviewed scientific papers on the efficacy of silkworm powder and its purified DNJ as a blood glucose-lowering agent. These suggest that silkworm powder truly possesses blood glucose-lowering effect as documented in the traditional Chinese medicine, although further researches will be required to develop them as "medical" resource instead of functional food.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.69-74
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• 2012

Tropical tasar silkworm Antheraea mylitta Drury experiences extreme temperature stress conditions during its life cycle particularly during diapauses and first crop. The present study witnessed the impact of high temperature on some biochemical profiles and egg production (fecundity) of semi-domesticated Daba and Shorea robusta (Sal) based wild ecorace Laria during seed cocoon (pupa) preservation. Cocoons of Daba and Laria were treated with high temperature at $40^{\circ}C$ for 10 days in a BOD incubator. The protein profile and carbohydrate content in the hemolymph and fat body and total haemocyte count (THC) in the hemolymph of pupa were investigated. Further, the fecundity and fertility of egg was assessed. Significant increase in the protein concentration was observed in the hemolymph with reduction in the fat body (p<0.05). The difference in protein concentration was highly significant between the semidomesticated Daba and wild ecorace Laria (p<0.05). High pupal mortality (20%) and reduced fecundity (10-15%) in Daba was noticed compared to wild Laria. Also an increased THC (>28000) was recorded in Laria. The study infers the potentials of wild ecoraces in sustaining the extreme temperature conditions and need of adopting suitable package of practices for the preservation of diapause seed cocoons during extreme summer conditions. There is possibility to introgression thermal stress resistant traits in the semi-domesticated races of tasar silkworm by resorting to conventional breeding plans with wild races and keeping the thermal stress induced response as markers.

• 한국잠사곤충학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.101-105
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• 1976

우리나라 장려잠품종의 원종과 교잡종견의 fibroin분해율 및 각종 특수품종견에 대한 fibroin 분해율과 견사형태와의 관계를 구명코저 시험하여 다음 결과를 얻었다. 1. 원종과 교잡종독의 fbroin 효소분해에 있어서 원종은 F$_1$교잡종에 비하여 분해율이 높았다. 2. 양 원종의 평균 fbroin 분해율은 그 교잡종의 분해율과 정상관(r=＋0,86)이 있었고 그 회귀방정식은 y=0.81x＋0.04이다. 3. 교잡종견사 fibroin의 분해율에 있어서 잠103$\times$잠104가 다른 장훈품종에 비하여 분해율이 낮았다. 4. 각종 특수품종 견사의 fibroin 분해에 있어서 품종간에 분해율차리가 인정되었고 견사섬도와 fibroin 분해율과는 낮은 정상관(r=0.6)이 있었다. 5. 이상의 결과에서 견 fibroin 분해율은 유전적 성질을 가지므로 잠품종육종에 있어서 이와 관련된 실용형질 선발에 marker로서 이용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국잠사곤충학회지
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• 제8권
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• pp.41-50
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• 1968

산견능률을 향상시키기 위해서는 불결견잠을 방제하는 일이 급선무라 할 수 있다. 그러므로 누에를 생리해부학적인 면에서 그 출현기구를 분석구명하여 이의 방제책을 한 자료로 삼으려 한 것이며 조사 연구내용을 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 견사선에 이상이 없음에도 영견치 않는 누에의 토계부부근의 조직을 검사한 결과 토계관의 기부에 와 있는 신경, 기관 및 근육 등에서 다각체를 발견하였다. 2. 불토사잠중에서 농병에 의하는 것이 차지하는 비율이 상당히 높았다. 3. 5령의 누에에 향식 당일부터 8시간에 걸쳐 농즙을 접종한 결과 결견잠수에 있어서 접종이 늦을수록 많고 불결견잠수는 접종초기와 중기에 있어서는 큰 차가 없었지만 후기에 이르러 감소하는 경향이 있고 사육 및 족중폐잠수는 접종시기가 빠를수록 많았다. 4. 농병의 증세는 농즙 접종후 약 3일전후하여 농잠으로서의 특징을 나타내기 시작하였다. 그리고 농병잠이라하여도 영견능력이 있는 것은 상족직전에 접종된 것 중에서 영견개시후 발병되기 때문에 도중에서 토계불능케 되어 박피 또는 중피견 밖에 영견할 수 없는 것이고 또한 경도의 농병잠은 토계기능의 마비상태가 토계불능까지는 되지 않는 것으로 인정되였다. 5. 원종 교잡종을 합하여 44품종에 걸친 불결견잠 출현경향을 조사한 결과 교잡종에 비하여 원종이 불결견잠의 수가 많았고 원종에서도 일본종계통이 많았다. 6. 불결견잠의 견사선에 있어서는 중부계선에 파동이 많았다. 7. 정상숙잠과 농병불결견잠의 잠체 및 소화기의 크기를 비교한 결과 길이에 있어서는 큰 차 없지만 체건-동체 둘레 및 소화기의 나비에 있어서는 농병불결견잠의 것이 훨씬 컸다. 8. 5령 성식기에 낙하충격을 가한 결과 두부하위낙하보다는 경면하위낙하의 것이 또는 온돌과 마루바닥보다는 시멘트바닥에 낙하된 것이 충격이 컸다.