• 한국잠사곤충학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.151-154
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• 1971

In the silkworm egg production, cutting of the cocoon's edge formed by silkworms forced to aid the emergence, and emergence is related to the amount of alkaloid liquid in the sucking stomach in certain varieties. In this study, there was no difference between cutting of portion and sex, and no significant between cutting of both sides and one side cocoons when comparing their emergence ratio. Expenditures and emergence ratio between both sides and one side cutting off must be studied in coming future.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.175-182
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• 2002

A new high yielding mulberry genotype, Victory-1 (V-1) was recommended to the field for irrigated areas by Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute (CSRTI), Mysore during 1996-1997. As K-2 and S-36 mulberry genotypes are already in the field, a study on the comparative performance of V-1, 5-36 and K-2 varieties, in terms of leaf yield, yield attributes, leaf moisture and moisture retaining capacity and their impact on silkworm rearing was carried out under Telangana conditions of Andhra Pradesh during 1999-2001. Among the three genotypes the leaf yield was found to be significantly (P < 0.01) higher in V-1 (64,130 kg/ha/yr) followed by S-36 (44,064 kg/ha/yr) and K-2 (23,990 kg/ha/yr). The maximum leaf moisture was also observed in V-1 (71.84%) compared to S-36 (66.86%) and K-2 (64%). The moisture retaining ability was more in V-1 (70.17%) followed by S-36 (66.20%) and K-2 (60.08%). The yield attributes were found to be significantly (P < 0.01) enhanced in V-1 over S-36 and K-2. Silkworm rearing results (bioassay) indicated a significant (P < 0.01) reduction in larval duration and improvement in larval weight, effective rate of rearing by number and weight, single cocoon and shell weights and shell ratio in the silkworm lots fed on V-1 variety followed by S-36 and K-2. Hence, in this study, V-1 was found to be superior among the three varieties studied.

• 한국잠사곤충학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.18-23
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• 1985

인공사료육 누에에 있어서 사료조성 차이와 사육환경이 누에의 성장발육에 미치는 영향은 다음과 같다. 1. 사료의 대두분말 함량이 많을수록 경과가 짧았으나 대두분말 함량이 50%를 넘으면 오히려 경과가 길어졌다. 2. 감잠비율은 대두분말 함량비가 50%까지는 영향을 미치지 못하지만 그 이상에서는 높았다. 3. 사료조성 차이가 견질에 미치는 영향은 단견중에 있어서는 단백질 함량이 많을수록 무겁고 견층중은 차이가 없었으며 견층비율은 대조구에 비해 각 처리구 모두 낮았다. 4. 사육환경 중 온도는 고온이 광선은 암조건이 경과를 단축시켰다. 5. 감잠비율은 치잠기 고온에서 낮았고 광선은 암조건에서 낮았다. 6. 사육환경이 견질에 미치는 영향은 단견중, 견층중, 견층비율 모두 온도는 고온이, 광선은 암조건이 양호하였다.

• 한국잠사곤충학회지
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• 제50권1호
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• pp.5-9
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• 2012

수옥잠은 부화비율, 화용비율이 높은 강건 다수성 애누에 인공사료 적합품종을 육성하였다. 이 품종의 일본종계 원종 잠157은 2003년 K305와 9671을 교잡 육성한 무늬품종이고 중국종계 잠158은 1997년에 CBJ와 9032을 교잡 육성한 선발 육성한 무늬 없는 품종이다. 실용 부화비율은 97%, 화용비율은 95.9%로 우수하였고, 전견중이 2.40 g, 1만두 수견량은 22.6 kg, 상견비율 95.5%로 대조 품종과 비슷한 성적을 나타냈다. 실켜기 성적에서 견사장은 대조 1,433 m보다 78 m 짧고, 견사량이 대조 보다 적은 49.6 cg 이었다. 견사섬도는 3.31 d이었다. 이품종의 잠종생산능력은 일본종계 원종 잠157의 산란수는 513개로 대조 대풍잠의 잠151의 525개와 비슷하였고, 중국종계 원종 잠1568 산란수 522개로 대조 잠152의 447보다 105개가 많아 산란성이 우수하였다.

• 한국잠사곤충학회지
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• 제50권2호
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• pp.87-92
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• 2012

본 연구의 목적은 누에형질전환 기술을 이용하여 적색형광실크를 개발하는 것으로서, 본 실험에서는 피브로인 H-chain의 N-말단과 C-말단을 이용하여 피브로인 재조합 단백질 발현 시스템을 제작하였고, 종결 코돈이 없는 DsRed2 유전자를 위의 발현 시스템에 클로닝하여 적색형광실크를 제작하였다. 누에형질전환체 선발을 위해서는 3xP3 promoter와 EGFP 유전자를 이용하여 선발하였고, 1020개의 누에알에 microinjection 하여 F1 세대에서 6 broods의 형질전환체를 선발하였다. 선발된 누에형질전환체는 초기배 단계의 눈과 신경조직, 유충과 번데기 그리고 성충의 눈에서 EGFP 형광단백질이 발현되는 것을 확인 할 수 있었다. 또한 실크의 피브로인에서 DsRed2 단백질이 발현되는 것을 확인하기 위해, F2세대의 누에형질전환체 중에서 5령 5일 유충을 해부하여 견사선을 형광현미경으로 관찰하였고, 중부와 후부 견사선에서 적색형광단백질이 발현되는 것을 확인 할 수 있었고, F2 세대의 고치에서도 적색형광단백질의 발현을 확인할 수 있었다. 이상의 결과에서 적색형광실크를 생산하는 누에형질전환체가 성공적으로 제작되었음을 확인할 수 있었고 이러한 결과를 토대로 새로운 산업소재로서 실크를 활용할 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.189-194
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• 2002

Silkworm diseases are major constraint in silk cocoon production. Among silkworm diseases, white muscar-dine is highly contagious and most common in winter and rainy seasons. It is suggested that hemocytes involve in defense against invasion of Beauveria bassi-ana and systemic fungicide/chemicals prevent the proliferation of fungi in the hemolymph or preventing the growth of the fungi in the body cavity through enhancing the hemocyte mediated defense response. In the present study the influence of systemic fungicide on hematological changes in silkworms infected with Beauveria bassiana was reported. It is observed that the total hemocyte counts increased in the hemolymph up to 5 days post inoculation in systemic fungicide treated batches while in the inoculated control the increase was up to 3 days indicating the positive hemocyte mediated response in silkworm treated with systemic fungicide. After 2 days in the inoculated control as the multiplication and growth of mycelia increased, defense capacity of the silkworm was decreased. The biochemical changes were also observed in the hemolymph of silkworm infected with B. bassiana. In silkworm infected with Beauveria bassi-ana, the total protein content increased whereas total carbohydrate and total lipids decreased as the infection progresses. In the case of systemic fungicide treated batches the increase in total protein content was comparatively higher and decrease in total carbohydrate and lipids were comparatively lower than the inoculated control.

• 한국잠사곤충학회지
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.117-125
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• 1998

Entomopathogenic nematodes, Heterorhabditidae and Steinernematidae, were isolated from the soil of mulberry field, and the high infectivity and invesiveness were confirmed in the silkworm, Bombyx mori. The cause of non-microbial and acute flacherie was found as an disease by infection with soil-born nematodes through the mulberry leaves contaminated with soil and rainwater. The causal nematodes were isolated by silkworm trap from all of the 5 soil samples collected on the 5 mulberry fields, and identified as 3 strains of Heterorhabditis sp. and 2 of Steinernema sp. Rainwater itself, however, wasn't engaged in the silkworm disease, mulberry leaves with rainwater was rather profitable for cocoon production when the leaf quality was too hard to feed silkworm. Feeding of wet mulberry leaves with rain might not so harm to silkworm when the condition of rearing room to be kept at suitable temperature and ventilated well. Nematode infection of silkworm could be occurred by harvesting and feeding of contaminated mulberry leaves on the weather condition of rainy and wind. For the prevention of nematode infection, silkworms should be fed the leaves harvested from the higher portion of the mulberry tree in rainy days. For an oppositional application of this susceptibility of silkworms to nematode, might be useful on the collection and amplification of nematode agents for biotic control of pest insects.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.123-126
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• 2002

More than three hundred million men in the world are suffering from erectile dysfunction. Korean ancient medical records say that the unmated male silkworm moth is effective in strengthening men's vitality, but no scientific examination has preyed its clinical efficacy. Currently, silkworm moths are not allowed for food-stuff. Thus, we selected silkworm of 14-days-after-metamorphosis, at which external morphology possesses that of pupae, but internal component is that of moths. To obtain the reliable source of unmated male silkworm moth, we used the sex-limited silkworm breed with larval marking. The body marker allows casual separation of sex during larval period, preventing mating right after emergence from cocoon. Using the extract prepared with the pupae of 14-days-after-metamorphosis, we investigated the tonic effect of the extract on the rat fed the extract for three weeks. The results showed that the testosterone levels in serum increased maximum by 19%, that of testicle increased maximum by 200%, and athletic endurance of the rats rose by 6%, suggesting positive tonic effect of the pupae prepared at the stage of 14 days after metamorphosis.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.15-20
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• 2008

Under the all India programme of evaluation of mulberry and silkworm genotypes, twelve bivoltine silkworm breeds obtained from Central Silkworm Germplasm Resource Centre, Hosur (CSGRC) were evaluated at the bivoltine silkworm breeding laboratory, Central Sericultural Research & Training Institute, Mysore (CSR&TI). These breeds were tested during September-October 2003, August-September 2004 and February-March 2005. The average temperature and humidity during September-October 2003 was $26.5^{\circ}C$ and 72.6% RH, while during August-September 2004, it was $26.5^{\circ}C$ and 75.2% RH and during February-March 2005 it was $24^{\circ}C$ and 48% RH respectively. The performance of the breeds in respect of 21 traits was studied and statistically analyzed using analysis of variance (Singh and Choudhary, 1985). Silkworm breeds were short-listed using multiple trait evaluation index method as suggested by Mano et at., (1993). Evaluation Index values were calculated for all the 11 traits of economic importance and six breeds were short-listed based on average index value 50 and above 50. Two breed viz., BV 183 (SMGS-1) have recorded average E.I. >50 in 10 traits (except in neatness) and ranked first and the breed BV 262 (SMGS9) with E.I. value >50 in nine traits except in cocoon weight and neatness ranked second, in the order of merit. These two breeds may be selected as resource material for evolving region specific silkworm breeds.

• 한국잠사곤충학회지
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.20-28
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• 1999

각종 고치색을 검정하여 Pink계, Orange Yellow계, Yellow계, Yellow Green계, White계 등 5계통으로 정리하고, Munsell 부호와 한국표준색표 일련번호를 명시하는 동시에 영어 및 한국어 색이름을 규정하였다. 色 이론을 도입한 표색계에서는 공시한 21종의 유색견 고치색은 Pink계 1종, Orange Yellow~Yellow계 12종, Yellow Green계 3종으로서 16종이 확인되었다. Pink계는 노랑띤 분홍색; Orange Yellow계는 등황색, 금잔화색, 치자색, 계란색; Yellow 系는 해바라기색, 노른자색, 노랑, 벼색, 네이플즈 엘로, 황수선화색, 땅콩색, 크림색; Yellow Green계는 청포도색, 백연두색, 백합꽃색이 확인되었다. 관용 색이름인 肉色繭은 F 유전자가 지배하는 치자색 및 살색으로 세분되며, 藁色繭은 C$^{st}$는 벼색, 땅콩색 등을 포함하는 부류로 간주할 수 있었다. 고치색 유전자와 관련된 색파장 범위는 Pk가 593 nm, F는 580~593 nm, Grc 및 Ga Gb Gc 계열은 567~570 nm였으며, Y 유전자는 가장 폭넓은 575~593 nm의 색파장에 관여하였다. 가시광선 스팩트럼 593~567 nm 범위에 7종의 파장을 기본으로 18종 이상의 고치색이 성립되며, 특히 575~584 nm 영역은 유색견 21계통 중 78% 가 포함되어, 580 nm를 중심으로 色彩識別역이 예민한 색파장 영역에서 최소폭의 변화로 다양한 고치색 발현이 가능한 것으로 밝혀졌다. 중부견사선 외층세리신이 정상인 멧누에와 집누에 교잡종($+^Y+^C/Y^AYmc$)은 고유의 멧누에고(5Y9/4) 외에 황수선화색(5Y8.5/8)이 분리되었다. YC 발현에서 Y와 동일한 연관군 및 좌위(2~25.6)인 Y$^A,\;Y^D$ 등은 누에계통별 특이 인자가 관여한 결과로 추정되며, 이와같이 C$^1,\;C^{st}$도 C와 동등한 유전자일 가능성이 제기되었다. 녹색견은 Grc와 관계되는 2종의 청포도색, 독립유전 녹색견 Gc와 유사한 백연두색, Ga 또는 Gb와의 관련성이 추정되는 백합꽃색이 확인되었다. Pink계${\times}$Yellow계 고치색은 가법혼색의 경향을 보이고 , Yellow계의 "매우 진한 노랑" 고치 간의 교잡에서는 해바라기색이 우위로 발현되었다. 그러나, 일반적으로 유색견 원종 간의 F1 고치색은 감법혼색의 결과와 유사하며, 교잡종 고치색은 양친의 평균과 비교하여 색파장은 단파장 쪽으로 이동하고 명도와 채도가 저하되는 경향을 나타내었다.