• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.49 no.6
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• pp.819-825
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• 2016

Monitoring of soil fertility and crop productivity in long-term application of silicate fertilizers is necessary to use fertilizers efficiently. This study was conducted to investigate effects of continuous application of silicate fertilizer for rice cultivation from 1969 to 2014. The treatments were no silicate fertilizer treatments (N, NC, NPK, and NPKC) and silicate fertilizer treatments (N+S, NC+S, NPK+S, and NPKC+S). The 46-yr input of $2\;ton\;ha^{-1}yr^{-1}$ of silicate fertilizer increased pH 0.6 ~ 1.1 and exchangeable Ca $2.0{\sim}2.4cmol_c\;kg^{-1}$ in silicate fertilizer treatments (N+S, NC+S, NPK+S, and NPKC+S) compared with no silicate fertilizer treatments (N, NC, NPK, and NPKC) because silicate fertilizer included Ca component. Also, available silicate concentrations of silicate fertilizer treatments (N+S, NC+S, NPK+S, and NPKC+S) increased $169mg\;kg^{-1}$ compared to no silicate fertilizer treatments. In Period II ('90~'14), the mean annual Si field balance varied from 62 to $175kg\;ha^{-1}yr^{-1}$ in silicate fertilizer treatments, indicating continuous accumulation of soil Si. Silicon uptake and grain yield of rice had greater differences between N treatment and N+S treatment than other treatments. This showed that the application of silicate fertilizer had greater effect in nutrient-poor soils than in proper nutrient soils. Thus the application of silicate fertilizer led to improvement the fertility of soil and increasement of rice production for the lack of soil nutrients.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.53 no.spc
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• pp.31-36
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• 2008

This study was carried out to clarify the effect of silicate application on rice grain quality and storage characteristics in Ilpumbyeo cultivar. In yield and yield components, panicles and spikelet numbers were increased and ripened grain rate was also increased by 2%. Head rice yield was increased by $7.7{\sim}9.5%$ in silicate application. Protein content of milled rice was reduced by $0.2{\sim}0.3%$ and head rice rate was increased by $2.9{\sim}6.7%$ in silicate application due to decrease of chalky and damaged rice rate. In milling characteristics, color separation rate was improved by $4.2{\sim}7.2%$ and colored rice rate was decreased by $5.5{\sim}16.6%$ in silicate application. Acid value of stored brown rice were increased slowly in low temperature and silicate application, but that in room temperature and no silicate application was increased remarkably. The best degree rate of stored brown rice (over than 7.5 of pH) measured by the pH of grain was increased by the silicate application in both low and room temperature. Therefore, it was suggested that the storage characteristics of rice grain was improved by the silicate application.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.61-71
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• 1968

1. In pot exreriments, the leaf blades of rice plants grown on Akiochi soil were weakened and the leaves dropped noticeably. This phenomenon could be prevented with application of silicate materials such as potassium silicate, Wallastonite and silicate slag (normally used silicate fertilizer in Korea). 2. Grain yield was increased by application of all the silicate materials. The effect of wollastonite was not lower than the effect of silicate slag. 3. Basal application of wollastonite gives a higher effect on the grain yield than top dressing. With higher wollastonite application, the nitrogen effect on the grain yield increases. This increase in nitrogen effect becomes more pronounced when the nitrogen level is higher. 4. Silica content in the plant waas increased by application of silicate materials to the soil. The increase in silica content in the plant was most noticeable with wollastonite. Basal application of wollastonite proved to be more effective than top dressing. Iron and nitrogen content in the plant decreased by application of the silicate materials. 5. The application of the silicate materials to Akiochi soil increases the resistance of rice to leaf blast, neck blast and Helminthosporium leaf spot. Among the silicate materials, wollastonite was most effective. 6. Damage by leaf blast increased proportionally with the nitrogen level, but decreased clearly with increase in wollastonite level. This phenomon was most pronounced for late transplanting time. 7. Damage by Helminthosporium leaf spot was also proportionally reduced by wollastonite application.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.81-88
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• 1983

This experiment was conducted to study about influenced inorganic element contents of flag leaf and chaff with different nitrogen and silicate application in Jinan (sea level 303m). The recommended rate of fertilizer application above N 15kg/10a was poor for dry production increment in cold in July elevation and was demanded increment of silicate. In the elevation of cold in July high rates of nitrogen application produced more incomplete grain and a reduced cold tolerance. These effects were due to over-content of soluble nitrogen within flag leaf and disturbance of uptaking potassium and silicate. On the other hand, the application of silicate could increase yield by promoting resistance to cold- damage. The application of increasing level of nitrogen resulted in increasing the contents of total nitrogen and phosphate in both sterile and fertile glumes. The contents of potassium and calcium were the highest at the level of nitrogen 10 - 15kg/10a, but magnessium was rather high at low nitrogen levels. It is interesting that at any level of nitrogen, over 6% higher silicate contents were noted in the fertile chaff than in the sterile chaff. Application of increasing level of silicate fertilizer decreased total nitrogen contents, but increased the contents of phosphate, potassium. and silicate in the chaff. Increasing rate of silicate content by increasing silicate addition was remarkably higher in the fertile chaff than in the sterile chaff.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.1016-1022
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• 2011

Application of silicate fertilizers is typically practiced with several year's interval to amend soil quality and improve rice productivity at the paddy field in Korea. Most of silicate fertilizers applied in Korea is slag-originated silicate fertilizer. Some water soluble silicate fertilizers are manufactured and commercially available. The objective of this study was to assess changes of soil chemical properties in paddy field by applying slag-originated silicate fertilizer and water soluble silicate fertilizer. Field experiment was conducted on a silt loam paddy soil, where four levels of each silicate fertilizer were applied in soil at the rate of 0, 1, 2, 4 times of the recommended levels. Application of slag-originated silicate fertilizer increased soil pH, while no significant pH increase occurred with the treatment of water soluble silicate fertilizers. Soil pH increased 0.4~0.5 with the 1 time of recommended level of slag-originated silicate fertilizer. Available $SiO_2$ contents also significantly increased with the treatment of slag-originated silicate fertilizer at 15 and 35 days after treatment, while decreased after 60 days after treatment possibly due to rice uptake. Exchangeable Ca, Mg and available phosphate contents in soil increased with application of slag-originated silicate fertilizer, while a little increases for them were shown with the application of soluble silicate fertilizer. $SiO_2$/N ratios in rice straw for 1 time of recommended level of slag-originated silicate fertilizer was 11.5, while that of control was 8.4, which was much lower value. Throughout this study, soil application of slag-originated silicate fertilizer enhanced soil chemical properties, while water soluble silicate fertilizer application in soil needs further study resulting in a little effects on soil property.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.163-172
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• 2003

The engineering properties of composite silicate grout materials that were developed recently were analyzed. In this laboratory tests, OPC (Ordinary Portland Cement) was mainly used as grout materials. Moreover, the properties of composite silica, silica sol and sodium silicate (No.3) acting as coagulating agent were analyzed and compared with each other. For the purpose of finding the engineering properties of composite silicate grout materials, various physical and chemical tests were performed : naked eye measurement, photographing by using SEM, uniaxial compression test and in-situ application test. A series of test results showed that the strength of composite silicate grout materials was about 3～6 times that of ordinary sodium silicate grout materials in 6～24hr. Especially, based on the evaluation of the application of JS-CGM grout to the construction fields, composite silicate grout would be very effective in reducing the coefficient of permeability.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.155-161
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• 1974

In order to investigate the effect of split application of silicate fertilizers on the rice plant, this studies, designed with two kinds of silicate material, wollastonite and high concentrated fused silicate material, and 4 types of application dates on the pot experiment without chemical control against diseases, have conducted the silica analysis of rice plant and diseased rates of plant during the all growing stages. The silica contents in rice plant with basal application were increased most highly compared with the split applications during the all growing stage, but they were all much the same between the basal and split application at the harvest. High concentrated fused silicate material was more useful to increase the silica content in rice plant than wollastonite and effect of split application of silica was dominant with this fused silicate material. The diseased leaf area by rice blast was decreased from the 50% of uncontrolled plot to 20~40% by the split application with wollastonite and to 5~15% with high concentrated fused silicate material. Also percents of deseased panicles were decreased to 20% with wollastonite and to 10% with high concentrated fused silicate material.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.325-332
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• 1983

To investigate interactions of silicate and phosphate applied in paddy soil, different levels of the two fertilizers were treated on pots of Jinheung variety of Japonica rice, then availability and absorption of the silicate and phosphate and growth of the rice plant were analyzed. The availability of silicate applied in soil was reduced by increased application of phosphate and this antagonism implied the interaction of silicate and phosphate in soil. The silicate absorption by rice plants was remarkably reduced by the phosphate application, while the phosphate absorption was reduce only at high levels of silicate. At low levels of silicate, the phosphate absorption was affected differently depending on growth stage or parts of the rice plant. The application of silicate fertilizers increased the pH of the soils. The application of silicate and phosphate fertilizers improved the plant height, the tiller number, and the grain weight, but not the dry weight of the grain. The effect of interaction of silicate and phosphate on the plant growth did not appeared.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.1118-1123
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• 2011

The changes of available silicate (Avail. $SiO_2$) contents in paddy soils (sandy loam) were assessed from data of the 41 years fertilization plots in which the continuous rice cropping experiment started in 1954 at the National Academy of Agricultural Science. The treatments were no fertilization (O), inorganic fertilization (NPK), inorganic fertilizer plus rice straw compost (NPK+C), inorganic fertilizer plus silicate fertilizer as a soil amendment (NPK+S), inorganic fertilizer plus rice straw compost and silicate fertilizer (NPK+CS) and inorganic fertilizer plus rice straw compost, silicate fertilizer and lime (NPK+CSL). Available silicate contents in NPK+S, NPK+CS and NPK in surface soil reached at the highest content ($255{\sim}330mg\;kg^{-1}$) after 41 years and then levelled off. Available silicate contents in subsurface soil (25~30 cm) were higher in NPK+C and NPK+S treatments than those in other treatments. Continuous application of silicate fertilizer affected significantly on the levels of available silicate in surface and subsurface soils. Silicate uptake of top rice was more increased by 98% in NPK+CS and NPK+CSL over NPK. Grain yield also increased by 37~47% in NPK+CS and NPK+CSL as compared to NPK. The combined applications of inorganic fertilizers with silicate as a soil amendment are recommended as the best fertilization practice for fertilizer use efficiency, enhancement of soil fertility status in the continuous rice cropping system in Korea.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.362-365
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• 1984

Application of phosphate and silicate at the seed bed stage of rice seedlings was investigated to improve nutritional condition and rooting capability at low temperature. The amounts of applied phosphate were 15kg/10a with or without 200 kg/10a of silicate, and 30 kg/10a without silicate. Seeding dates were March 31, April 9 and April 19. The dry weight of the seedlings seeded earlier date under low temperature was lower than that of the seedlings seeded later dates. The application of phosphate and silicate increased the dry weight of newly developed roots after trasplanting, and increased the number of tillers. Therefore, heavy application of phosphate and silicate is recommendable to improve the predisposition of the rice seedlings grown under the low temperature condition for early transplanting.